1、(一)这类词主要有wide,widely; close, closely; high,highly等等,这两种副词形式不同,含义也有差别,但是区别不明显,而且翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所以使用时很容易混淆。这类词含义及用法上的主要特点是:不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作,说明的动作或状况有可测量性和可见性;而以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。 这时,这些词大都具有greatly和extremely的含义。,deep与deeply的用法区别,1、两者均可表示“深”、“深深地”,修饰具体的动作, 有时可互换:The doctor asked me to breathe d
2、eep deeply. 2、修饰静止状态、介词短语或表示深夜等,通常用deep(偶尔也用deeply):He sat there deep in thought. 深思。 The meeting continued deep into the night. Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other.,3、修饰带有感情色彩的动词(如 hate, dislike, love, admire, hurt, regret 等),通常要用 deeply,另外,修饰形容词、过去分词等,一般也要用deeply:He deeply hates fish
3、. 很不喜欢吃鱼。 We deeply regret your misfortune. I am deeply grateful to you. 我衷心感谢你。 He was deeply moved by at the story. 听了这个故事,他深受感动。,high与highly的区别:,两者均可表示“高”,但high通常表示具体的高,且主要修饰动词; He climbed high. 他爬得很高。 Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street? 2. highly 主要表示很高的程度(意为“高度地”、“非常地”),修饰动词
4、(如 speak, praise, think of等), He speaks very highly of you. They thought very highly of him. 。,3. highly还通常用于修饰分词或形容词(尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有时相当于 very much)。如: She is a highly educated woman. The Chinese are a highly civilized people. 中国人是有高度文明的人。It was highly confidential. 高度机密Its highly likely that he
5、 will succeed. The industry of France was not yet highly developed. 尚未高度发展。【注】在用连字符构成的复合形容词中,通常要用 high。如:high-priced 高价的,Close与Closely的用法区别,close adj. 靠近;接近;亲密;密切 短语:get /be close to 靠近;亲近The church is close to the shops.Are you a close friend of theirs?(2) close adv. 靠近;接近 (表具体意义) hike / walk / run
6、 / sit / stand close to.He was standing close to the door.(3) close v. 关上;关闭(不开发);结束She closed her eyes. / Her eyes closed. (闭上),(4 ) closely adv. 紧密地;仔细地;密切地(表抽象意义)He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.The little baby was closely looked after by her.,(二)本类词有hard,hardly;late,lately;mos
7、t,mostly等等,这两种副词形式含义完全不同,所以使用时不易引起混淆。1. He works hard all day. 他整天都在使劲地干活。He hardly works at all. 他很少干活。2. You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。 Have you see him lately? 你最近见到过他吗?,3. The person who talks most is often the one who does least. 说得最多的人常常干得最少。The audience consisted mostly of women. 观众大部分是女的。4.
8、 The next flight doesnt go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of Shanghai.下趟航班不直飞东京,而是绕道上海。He will be here directly. 他马上就来。,5. The rider pulled his horse up short. 骑手突然一下把马勒住。 Make a right turn shortly beyond the village. 村前不远处往右拐。6. Please stand clear of the gate. 请不要站在门前。 He stated his view-point clea
9、rly. 他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点。7. The exam was pretty difficult. 这次考试相当难。 Her little girls are always prettily dressed. 她的小女孩穿着总是很漂亮。,(三)这类词主要有slow,slowly;quick,quickly等等异形同义词。当然,现代英语的语言规范性要求用以-ly 结尾的副词来修饰动词,但由于句子结构以及搭配的不同,使用时也具有不同的倾向性。在此,主要探讨一下在什么情况下常使用不带-ly的副词形式。同时, 把第二类中一些适应于下列规则的词也包括进去。总的说来,倾向于使用不带-ly副词形式
10、的情况大致有下列四种:, 用作比较级或最高级时: Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking even quicker. 艾伦走得很快,但乔治走得更快 。2. The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemen shouted louder. 那些人在大声争吵着,但是警察喊叫得更响。 3. The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still. 汽车走得越来越慢,最后停了下来。,4. Lets see who can ru
11、n quickest. 我们来看看谁跑得最快。5. We must look closer at the problem. 我们必须更加仔细地查看这一问题。, 有so或too修饰时: 1. It all happened so quick that I could do nothing. 这一切发生得如此之快以致于我手足无措无法对付了。2. It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes too slow. 不可能赶上他了,你的车太慢了。3. Dont talk so loud; the child is in bed now. 别这样大声说话,
12、孩子已经睡了。, 用于修饰表示移动、天气等常用动词时: Come quick; we are waiting for you. 快来,我们在等你。2. Drive slow; this part of the road is dangerous. 车开慢一点3. The sun shines bright. 阳光明媚。 4. When we left the shelter, the snow was falling thick and the wind was blowing cold. 我们离开那棚屋时,正下着大雪,刮着寒风。5. Business is going strong. 生意兴
13、隆。, 在固定词组中或当用于修饰它经常固定搭配的动词时:1. Take it easy.不要紧张。 2. Stand firm and hold it tight. 站稳抓牢。3. He often plays high. 他赌注常下得很大。4. The secretary copied the rough draft of her manager out fair. 秘书把经理那份粗潦的草稿很清楚地誊写出来。5. They were drinking deep in the fort deep into the night. 他们在城堡中痛饮到深夜。,通过观察,以上三类词中第一类较易区别、掌
14、握和使用。对于后两类词,在判别使用哪一种副词形式时一般可以考虑以下几个原则:,第一是具体性与抽象性的原则。 在表示实实在在的物体活动、位置移动或具体可见 的状况和变化时, 常使用不带-ly的副词形式,如: climb high,live close by,open wide,sink deep,turn sharp right; 反之,具有抽象含义的动词常用以-ly结尾的副词,如:think highly of,look closely into,love dearly等等。,第二个原则:常用固定搭配与灵活搭配的不同。 在一些固定词组或经常搭配使用 的词组中,不带-ly的副词形式使用得很多,
15、如: aim high,run high,fight fair,go easy with,drink deep,sleep sound 等等。,第三个原则是口语体与标准体的使用区别。 如有人说Speak loudly and clearly. 也有人说Speak loud and clear.对此情况难说谁对谁错,只能说前一种说法属于规范性语体;而后一种说法属于口语体。不带-ly 的简单形式是早期英语遗留下来的口语体形式。,例如:现在还有人说I bad need this sort of material. 就如G.O.寇姆在英语句法(Syntax)一书中说过的,带-ly 的副词是标准语或好的口语,但在松散的口语和大众语中人们仍然坚持使用没有-ly的简单形式。,根据以上原则,可以解释为什么可以说Dont talk so loud. 但必须说 He protestedcomplained loudly。 Talk loud 是常用的搭配形式,而且talk一词的形象也比较具体;protest与complain 则是搭配性很强的词,还常常和许多别的副词灵活搭配,如publicly,sharply,secretly等等。另外,这两个词比talk更具感情色彩,所以也就更具抽象性。,