1、.冠词第一节 知识梳理一、冠词的读音1. a 辅音音素开头的名词前例:a pear; a teacher; a useful tool; a university; 2. an n 元音音素开头的名词前/以元音音素开头的单个字母前例:an old man; an apple; an honest girl; an L; an S;3. the : 辅音音素前例:the lady; the time; the sun4. the i 元音音素前例:the other; the egg; the English book; the MVP二、冠词的用法 1.不定冠词 a/an 的用法(1)泛指用法
2、 泛指的对象是不能具体确定的,具有典型特征的。不定冠词 a/an 与单数名词连用表示泛指物种,身份,职业,特征,属性等。例:A tiger is a dangerous animal.老虎是危险的动物。He is a teacher.他是个老师。A nurse should be patient.护士应该有耐心。This is an apple.这是一个苹果。(2)量指用法不定冠词 a/an 具有数词意义,表示“一个”,有度量的功能,相当于 one.例:a year 一年; a new coat 一件新外套; an apple 一个苹果; ten dollars a day 十美元一天;hal
3、f an hour 半小时2.定冠词 the 的用法(1)特指用法:听说双方都具有的一般常识例:the earth 地球; the sky 天空; .the moon 月亮例外:像 world, earth, sun, moon, sky, universe 等独一无二的事物名词前通常不用冠词,但前面有形容词修饰,表示“一个.的.”时,可用不定冠词。例:a red sun 一轮红日 a new world 一个新世界 a new moon 一轮新月 听说双方限定范围内的具体知识例:the market 超市;the canteen 食堂; the library 图书馆听说双方在即时情景中看到
4、或者听到的例:Can you find the page?你找到这一页了吗?These are the books.就是这些书。直接前指:前文已经提到的事物再次被提到时例:I had an apple. I gave the apple to her.我有一个苹果,我把这苹果给了她。A policeman came in. The police man looked around.一个警察进来了, 这个警察环视四周。间接前指:与前文提到的事物有紧密联系的事物例:I went to Shijiazhuang last week. The fog is awful.我上周去了石家庄,那雾太可怕了。
5、I dont want to have lunch in our canteen. The food is not good.我不想在食堂吃饭,那饭太难吃了。后置特指:带有后置定语的,表达特定概念的名词例:The apple that you gave me is so good.你给我的苹果太棒了。The monitor of our class 我们班的班长the boat on the river 河面上的船(2)泛指用法定冠词 the 与单数名词连用表示泛指例:The tiger is a dangerous animal.老虎是一种危险的动物。The whale is the lar
6、gest mammal on earth.鲸是地球上最大的哺乳动物。定冠词 the 用于某些形容词或者分词前,例:即“the+形容词”可泛指一类人,常被看成是复数名词the poor 穷人; the rich 富人; the blind 盲人.定冠词 the 用于表示国籍或者民族的形容词前,表示一个国籍的,一个种族集团的人。但国籍名词仅限于以 -ese,-sh,-ch 结尾的词例:the Japanese 日本人; the Chinese 中国人; the English 英国人 ; the French 法国人; the Dutch 荷兰人(3)定冠词 the 的其他用法形容词的最高级,序数
7、词,年代前以及 only 用作形容词加名词连用时,前面要加 the例:the most beautiful flower 最美丽的花This is the first time.这是第一次。the only way to solve the problem 唯一解决办法in the 1990s 20 世界 90 年代例外:当序数词不强调顺序,而是表示在原来的基础上增加,即“又,还,再”时,用不定冠词。例:Can you give me a second chance,please?你能再给我一次机会吗? The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have a t
8、hird one because the second one is rather too small. 蛋糕很美味。他还想再吃一块,因为第二块太小了。 在乐器,乐团前面要加 the例:the Beatles 披头士乐队;play the guitar 弹吉他;learn the piano 学钢琴表示全家人或夫妻二人时,复数的姓氏前面要加 the例:the Smiths 史密斯一家;the Bushes 布什一家江、河、湖泊、海、山脉、群岛、方位等地理名称前面要加定冠词 the例:the Alps 阿尔卑斯山;the Red Sea 红海;the Pacific Ocean 太平洋;in t
9、he east 在东方例外:含 Mount,Lake,Cape 等词的孤岛,独山等不用加 the. Hai nan Island 海南岛; Mount Everest 珠峰普通名词组成的专有名词前面要加定冠词 the,包括国家,机构,建筑,报刊等。例:the United States 美国;the United Nation 联合国;the Great Wall 长城;the Times 泰晤士报历史时期,朝代,军队前要加 the.例:the Stone Age 石器时代;The Tang Dynasty 唐朝;the Air Force 空军用于发明物的单数名词前例:Thomas Edis
10、on invented the electric lamp.托马斯爱迪生发明了电灯。用于 by 后,表示计量的单数名词前面例:The egg was sold by the kilo.鸡蛋按千克卖;He is paid by the hour.他的报酬是按小时结账的。3.零冠词的用法非普通名词组成的专有名词前,人称,街道广场,车站机场,大学,杂志等专有名词前不加冠词例:I come from Beijing, China and he comes from Barcelona, Spain.我来自中国北京,他来自西班牙巴萨。John is 20 years old.约翰 20 岁了。Wall
11、Street 华尔街;Tiananmen Square 天安门广场;Beijing Railway Station 北京火车站;Oxford University 牛津大学;Times 时代周刊例外:专有名词普通化的时候,不定冠词可以用于专有名词前,表示某个时期或具有某种特征的人或物。此时,专有名词常用前置修饰性定语。例: In four minutes he was met by an anxious Miss Cramb. 四分钟之后,焦急的克朗姆小姐向他迎来。 She is now a different Miss Nancy from what she was when she was
12、 my neighbor. 她现在已不是与我为邻时的那个南希小姐了。 表种类的物质名词,抽象名词前不加冠词例:I dont like coffee,I like tea.我不喜欢咖啡,我喜欢茶。Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。物质名词的例外:不定冠词可以用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵“例:Thats a green tea. 那是一种绿茶。 They were caught in a heavy rain. 他们淋了一场大雨。 Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort
13、in those tough times. 在困难时期,能够付得起一杯饮料的钱是一份安慰。抽象名词的例外:抽象名词前一般不用任何冠词,但表示“具体意义的人或事”时是可数名词,其前用不定冠词。例:a surprise 一件预料之外的事;a pity /shame 一件令人遗憾的事;.a success 一件成功的事或一个成功的人;a pleasure 一件快乐的事;a time 一段时间; This book is a great success.这个书是很大的成功。He is a success as a writer.他是一个很成功的作家。He is a great help to me.
14、他给了我很大帮助。不可数名词表示泛指时不加冠词例:Life is beautiful.生活是美好的。Air and water are needful for living things. 空气和水是生物不可缺少的东西。复数名词表示泛指时不加冠词例:Tigers are dangerous animals.老虎是危险的动物。Bananas are yellow.香蕉是黄色的。星期,月份,年份,节假日,季节名词前不加冠词例:Sunday 周日, Monday 周一;May 五月 , March 三月;National Day 国庆节spring 春,summer 夏,autumn 秋,winte
15、r 冬例外:当季节是特指时,也要加定冠词 thethe Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节, the Spring Festival 春节,球类,棋牌类等体育活动不加冠词例:play basketball 打篮球 ;play football 踢足球;play cards 玩牌三餐之前不加冠词例:have breakfast 吃早饭; have lunch 吃午饭; have dinner/supper 吃晚饭例外:如果季节、月份、星期和三餐有定语修饰时, 也要加冠词,例:the spring of 1998 1998 年的春天a hard winter 一个严寒的冬天 After
16、 a quick breakfast, she went to school by bike.很快地吃完早餐后,她骑自行车去上学了。 We had a cold winter last year.去年,我们度过了一个寒冷的冬天。 语言名称,学科,疾病名词前不加冠词例:study English 学英语; speak Chinese 说汉语;.I dont like math.我不喜欢数学这科。high blood pressure 高血压头衔,家庭成员之间的称呼不加冠词who is monitor in your class?你们班谁是班长?uncle Wang 王叔叔;father 爸爸;
17、mother 妈妈在表语,补足语,同位语中表示职位的名词不加冠词例:He is chairman of the board.他是董事长。They elect him president.他们选举他作为主席。ElizabethII,Queen of England 英女王伊丽莎白二世名词前有指示代词,形容词性物主代词,不定代词,所有格修饰时不加冠词例:I like those flowers.我喜欢那些花。This is my book.这是我的书。I want to try every food.我想尝试每种食物。Lilys mother is a doctor.莉莉的妈妈是一个医生。by+交
18、通工具或其他事物构成的方式状语中不加冠词例:by bus 坐汽车 ; by bike 骑车; by phone 通过电话 ; by mail 通过邮件表示泛指的特殊名词前不加冠词 例:nature 泛指自然界时:The goal of life is living in agreement with nature. 人生的终极目标是和自然和谐相处。space 泛指空间时:A missile was projected into space. 导弹被发射升空。man 泛指人类时:Man can conquer nature.人定胜天。 history 泛指整个历史时:History may re
19、peat itself.历史可能重演。society 泛指生活的社会时:Socitey turns people into criminals and then locks them up.社会使人犯罪,然后又把他们关进监狱。 当 turn,go 作“变成”讲时,后面的名词不加冠词例:He turned singer. 他变成了歌手。.第二节 专项练习一、填空1.There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall. 2.This is _ useful book. Ive read it for _ hour. 3. _ elephant is much he
20、avier than _ horse. 4. _ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day. 5.Lets go out for _ walk. 6. Its too hot. Open _ door,please. 7.There is _ woman over there. _ woman is Meimeis mother. 8. _ sun rises in _ east. 9. _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China. 10. Are you going to d
21、o it _ second time? 11.Washington is _ capital of _ USA. 12. _Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street. 13.He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995. 14._old man is _ teacher. He likes playing _ basketball after _ supper. 15.After I had _ quick breakfast,I hurried to school. 16.Are _ sheep ke
22、pt by _ farmers for producing _ wool and _ meat? 17.They went to _ Peoples Park,but we both went to _ Peoples Cinema yesterday. 18. I often watch _ TV in _ evening. 19. _ day of _ December 20,1999 is Monday. 20.Tomorrow is_Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _ Christmas tree today. 21.
23、I think _ maths is more important than any other subject. 22.He often goes to _ school by _ bike. 23.What does this _ word mean, _Father? 24.What _ important news it is!填空题答案解析1.答案: a;an ;the 解析: 泛指画这一类东西泛指物种听说双方限定范围内的具体知识There be 后面的名词是句子的主语,这个句型中的主语通常都是泛指。2.答案: a; an解析: .泛指用法,泛指有用的书这类书的一本量指用法,表示具体
24、数量3.答案: An; a解析: 泛指物种,大象类动物中的一个泛指物种,马类动物中的一个4.答案: The; the解析: 特指听说双方限定范围内的具体知识特指听说双方限定范围内的具体知识表数量5.答案: a 解析: go out for a walk 意为“出去散步” ,固定用法6.答案: the解析:特指听说双方在即时情景中看到或者听到的7.答案: a; The解析:泛指女人这类人直接前指:前文已经提到的事物再次被提到时8.答案: The; the解析:听说双方都具有的一般常识江、河、湖泊、海、山脉、群岛、方位等地理名称前面要加定冠词 the9.答案: The; the; / 解析:江、河
25、、湖泊、海、山脉、群岛、方位等地理名称前面要加定冠词 the形容词的最高级,序数词以及 only 用作形容词加名词连用时,前面要加 the非普通名词组成的专有名词前,人称,街道广场,车站机场,大学,杂志等专有名词前不加 the10.答案: a解析:.a second time 意为“再一次” 、 “另一次”,固定搭配,表示动作的重复。the second time 意为“第二次” ,表顺序。 11.答案: the; the解析:后置特指:带有后置定语的,表达特定概念的名词普通名词组成的专有名词前面要加定冠词 the,包括国家,机构,建筑,报刊等。12.答案: the; /解析:表示全家人或夫妻
26、二人时,复数的姓氏前面要加 the非普通名词组成的专有名词前,人称,街道广场,车站机场,大学,杂志等专有名词前不加 the13.答案: the; / 解析:当季节是特指时,也要加定冠词 the星期,月份,年份,节假日,季节名词前不加 the14.答案: The; a; /; /解析:听说双方在即时情景中看到或者听到的泛指职业球类,棋牌类等体育活动不加 the三餐之前不加 the15.答案: a解析:若三餐前有形容词,则可以加冠词. 16.答案: the; the; /; /解析:带有后置定语的,表达特定概念的名词听说双方在即时情景中看到或者听到的表种类的物质名词不加 the17.答案: the
27、; the解析:普通名词组成的专有名词前面要加定冠词 the,包括国家,机构,建筑,报刊等18.答案: /; the.解析:watch TV;in the evening 都是固定搭配19.答案: the; /解析:带有后置定语的,表达特定概念的名词星期,月份,年份,节假日,季节名词前不加 the20.答案: /; a 解析:星期,月份,年份,节假日,季节名词前不加 the泛指圣诞树这个事物21.答案: / 解析:语言名称,学科,疾病名词前不加 the22.答案: /; /解析:go to shcool 固定搭配by+交通工具或其他事物构成的方式状语中不加 the23.答案: /; /解析:
28、名词前有指示代词,形容词性物主代词,不定代词,所有格修饰时不加 the头衔,家庭成员之间的称呼不加冠词24.答案: /解析:What+(a / an) +形容词+名词 +主语+谓语 在感叹句句型中,名词是不可数名词时,不用加不定冠词二、单项选择 1. Does Jim have _ ruler? Yes,he has _. A. an;some B. a;one C. a;/ D. any;one 2. There is _ old bike. _ old bike is Mr Zhaos. A. an ;The B. the;An C. a;The D. the;The 3. _ apple
29、 a day keeps the doctors away. A. The B. A C. An D. Two 4. How many books do you have? I have _ book.Thats _ English book. A. a;an B. a;one C. one;an D. one;one .5.At that time Tom was _ one-year-old baby. A. a B. an C. the D. 6. _ tiger is _ China. A. The;a B. A;the C. The;from D. The;the 7. We can
30、t see _ sun at _ night.A. the; the B. the; C. a; D.; 8. _ useful book it is! A. What an B. How a C. What a D. What 9. One afternoon he found _ handbag.There was _“s”on the corner of _ handbag. A. a;an ;the B. a;a;the C. an;an;an D. the;a;a 10. _ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ mee
31、ting. A. An;an;a B. The;an C. The;a D. The;the 11. _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world. A. A;a B. The;the C. A;the D. The;a 12. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The;a B. A; C. A;the D. An;the 13. _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school. A. A;an B. The;a C. T
32、he;the D. A;the 14. He used to be _ teacher but later he turned _ writer. A. a;a B. a;the C.;a D. a; 15. They made him _ king. A. a B. the C. an D. /16. His father is _ English teacher. He works in our school. A. a B. an C. the D. 17. Is he _ American boy?A. an B. a C. one D. 18.Does Tom often play
33、_ football after _ school?A.; B.;the C. the; D. a; 19.They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the 20. Australia is _ English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. /21.She has _ orange skirt. _ skirt is nice. A. a;The B. an;The C. an;A D. the;The 22.This is _ apple. Its _
34、 big apple. A. an;a B. a;the C. a;an D. an;the 23. Look at _ horse over there. A. a B. an C. the D. 24. Dont play _ basketball here.Its dangerousA. a B. an C. D. the .25.There is _ old woman in the car. A. B.the C. a D. an 26.Beijing is _ beautiful city. Its _ capital of China. A. a;a B. the;the C.;
35、the D. a;the 27. Shanghai is in _ east of China. A. B. an C. a D. the28.Ive been a student there for nearly two and _ half years.A. a B. an C. the D.29. Bill is _ English teacher. He likes playing _ football.A. a;the B. an;the C. a; D. an;30. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _hour to g
36、et there by _ bus.A. an; B. an;a C. a; D.; 单项选择答案解析1.答案: B解析:第一空泛指尺子这类东西;第二空的 one 是不定代词,用以替代前面的 ruler。2.答案: A解析:第一空泛指旧自行车这类东西;第二空,直接前指,前文已经提到的事物再次被提到时3.答案: C解析:量指用法,强调数量4.答案: C解析:how many 提问时,用 one 表示,因为 one 比 a 更强调数量。表示度量(价格,速度,比率)的时候用 a/an,不能用 one. 1000RMB a day; 10 $ a kilo; three times a day. 第二
37、个空表示泛指英语书这类书中的一种。5.答案: A 解析:用不定冠词表示泛指,泛指一岁男孩这类孩子中的一个。one 虽以元音字母开头,但以辅音音素w 开头。6.答案: C.解析:第一空选 the,听说双方在即时情景中看到或者听到的。第二空只有填入 from 才能使句子有完整的句意。这只老虎来自中国。 7.答案: B解析:听说双方都具有的一般常识;at night 在夜晚,固定搭配8.答案: C解析:What+(a / an) +形容词+名词 +主语+谓语 How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语主语 it 前面是名词,因此选择 what 类型的感叹句。useful 开头字母 u 发j的音,属于辅音音素,
38、因此用 a.9.答案: A解析:第一空泛指手提包这类包中的一个。第二空是量指用法,有一个字母 s。s 虽为辅音字母,但却以元音音素e开头,故填 an。 第三空属于直接前指用法,前文已经提到的事物再次被提到时10.答案: D解析:第一个空填 the,old lady 后面有 with white hair,属于后置特指用法,带有后置定语的 ,表达特定概念的名词第二个空不填冠词,语言名称,学科,疾病名词前不加冠词。在会议上 at the meeting, 固定用法。11.答案: B解析:形容词的最高级,序数词,年代前以及 only 用作形容词加名词连用时,前面要加 the普通名词组成的专有名词前面
39、要加定冠词 the,包括国家,机构,建筑,报刊等。12.答案: C解析:第一个空是泛指,用 a;第二个空,江、河、湖泊、海、山脉、群岛、方位等地理名称前面要加定冠词 the尤其是在含有 River 的专有名词前,都加 the.13.答案: B解析:.第一个空,woman 后面有后置定语修饰,属于后置特指;第二个空是是泛指那个 woman 的职业。 14.答案: D解析:第一个空是泛指职业,用 a;第二个空,当 turn,go 是“变成”讲时,后面的名词不加冠词 15.答案: D解析:在表语,补足语,同位语中的表示职位的名词不加冠词16.答案: B解析:泛指职业。English 的首字母发e,属
40、于元音音素。用不定冠词 an.17.答案: A解析:泛指身份,美国男孩的一个。American 的首字母 A 发18.答案: A解析:第一个空,球类,棋牌类等体育活动不加冠词;第二个空 after school 放学以后,固定搭配。19.答案: D解析:the day before yesterday 前天,固定搭配。 20.答案: B解析:用不定冠词泛指说英语的那类国家。English 的首字母发e,属于元音音素。用不定冠词 an.21.答案: B解析:第一空泛指橙色的 skirt 类的衣服;第二空直接前指,前文已经提到的事物再次被提到时 .22.答案: A解析:第一个空泛指苹果类的一个。第
41、二个空也是泛指,大苹果中的一个。 23.答案: C解析:听说双方限定范围内的具体知识,用 the. 24.答案: C解析:球类,棋牌类等体育活动不加冠词25.答案: D解析:泛指老妇人这类人。old 首字母是元音音素 u,因此用 an.26.答案: D解析:第一空泛指美丽城市中的一个;第二空后置特指,带有后置定语的,表达特定概念的名词27.答案: D解析:江、河、湖泊、海、山脉、群岛、方位等地理名称前面要加定冠词 thein the east of 在某地区(内)的东部28.答案: A解析:量指用法不定冠词 a/an 具有数词意义,表示“一个”,有度量的功能,相当于 onetwo and a
42、half years 也可说成 two years and a half,意思都是 “两年半” 。 29.答案: D解析:第一个空泛指职业;第二空,球类,棋牌类等体育活动不加冠词30.答案: A.解析:第一空量指用法,相当于 one;第二空 by+交通工具不加冠词half an hour 半小时, by bus 乘公共汽车。强化复习1. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have _ bed.A. the breakfast in B. the breakfast in the C. breakfast in D. breakf
43、ast in the2. Beyond _ stars the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.A. the, / B. /,the C. /,/ D. the, the 3. Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.A. / B. a C. the D. one 4. After watching _ TV, she played _ violin for an hour.A. /,/ B. the, the C. the, / D. /,the 5. Many people are still
44、 in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.A. the, the B. /,/ C. the, / D. /,the6. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.A. the, / B. the, the C. /,the D. /,/ 7. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.Is it _ black one? I
45、think I saw it somewhere.A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a 8. She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the, the B. the, / C. a, / D. a, the 9. Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.A. the, / B. the, an C. the, the D. /,the 10. _ usually go to church every Sunday.A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns 11. The train is running fifty miles _ .A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour 12. _ earth we live on is bigger th