1、2015 年三年考真题精编名词2015 年高考试题一、单项填空1.【2015湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _ and had a bad fall.A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:男孩在追他哥哥时,失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤。A 项“平衡” ;B 项“机会” ;C 项“记忆” ;D 项“地方” 。lose ones balance“失去平衡” 。故选 A 项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中
2、辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词 lose 搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall(重重地摔了一跤) ”,不禁会产生疑问:怎么会摔了一跤呢?然后根据搭配 lose ones balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。2.【2015湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:他执行一项秘密任务时,给自己起了
3、一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A 项“情绪” ;B 项“才能” ;C 项“身份” ;D 项“财富” 。故选 C 项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task(秘密任务)”和“ gave himself a new name(给自己取了个新名字)”,然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity(掩藏身份)”,从而锁定正确答案。3.【2015安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _ and then let me know.A. thought B
4、. support C. protection D. authority【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:现在没必要告诉我答案,你再思考一下,之后告诉我。A 思考;B 支持;C 保护;D 权威,当局。这里指让对方再好好想想,故选 A。【考点定位】考查名词辨析【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量,四个词的意思分别是“思考” ;“支持” ;“保护”和“权威” ;其次,做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知,现在不急着告诉 “我”答案,由此可知是让对方再想想。4.【2015江苏】35.Go and say sorry t
5、o your Mom, Dave.Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ .A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:Dave,去跟你的妈妈道歉。 我想这样做,但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A 项“请求” ;B 项“借口” ;C 项“道歉” ;D 项“遗憾,后悔” 。故选 C 项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单,考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案
6、。因此,考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练,加强对词汇的语境理解,可以达到事半功倍的效果。5.【2015江苏】32.Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校必须做出调整。A 项“判断,决断” ;B 项“调整” ;C 项“评价,评论” ;D 项“成就” 。故选 B 项。【考点定位】名词词义辨析
7、【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词 make 搭配。因此,考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除 C 项 make 本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对做出评价/评论” ,缩小正确答案的范围。6.【2015福建】24.The failure was a big_to him, but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.A. blow B. issue C. excu
8、se D. Factor【答案】A【解析】试题分析:考查名词辨析 A.blow 打击;B.issue 问题;C.excuse 借口;D.factor 要素。该句意思为:这个失败对他来说是一个打击,但是他没有泄气,很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选 A【考点定位】考查名词辨析。【名师点睛】名词也是高考英语复习的重点。对名词的考点无处不在,尤其是在阅读写作的过程中,考生对于名词的熟悉程度对于成绩是有很大影响的,要加强词汇、短语的记忆,要避免单纯地死记硬背,应注意结合语境,在理解的基础上熟记典型例句和常用搭配,总结规律,并根据自己的记忆特点,选择科学的记忆方法。记忆单词应和阅读结合起来,把单词融入句子中
9、和语境中,利用上下文来帮助记忆。7.【2015浙江】15. One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production 意为产品, B. stress 意为压力, C. energy 意为能源, D. passive 意为力量。此题考查的是 4 个名词的词义辨析,需要正确理解该
10、句的语义。根据常识可以知道,和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是 B. stress 意为压力。二、语法填空1.2015全国卷In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63._(able) to “air condition” a house without 64._(use)electric equipment.解析63. ability 结合空格前面的形容词性物主代词 their 可知,后面要用 able 的名词形式。 64. using 结合空格前面的介词 w
11、ithout,后面应该使用 v.-ing的形式。2.2015全国卷 IId skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64._are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65._(painting). 解析64that/which 考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句,先行词为 Li River,在从句中作主语。65paintings 考查名词的
12、复数形式。漓江被画在如此多的中国绘画中。painting 为可数名词,注意用复数形式。三、短文改错1.【2015陕西】Mum taught me some basic step of baking.解析step 改为 steps 句意:妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。 step 是可数名词,用复数 steps。2. 【2015四川】As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. 【解析】friendfriends 考查名词的复数。名词 friend 为可数名词,其前有 three 修饰,需要用复数形式,故把 friend 改成 fri
13、ends。句意为:我在这儿交了三个新朋友。3.【2015浙江】My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. 【解析】side-sides 考查名词的单复数。根据前面的 three,此处应该使用复数形式。4.【2015新课标全国 II】One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.【解析】 parent 改为 parents 看下文可知,是父母两个,所以用 parents。5.【2
14、015新课标全国 I】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 【解析】airsair 句意:我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词 air 为不可数名词。2014 年高考试题一、单项填空1.【2014天津卷】3. Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.A. source B. sense C. result D. root【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。source 资源;sense 感觉、意识;result 结果;ro
15、ot 根源。结合语境可知选 A。 【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。2.【2014福建卷】26. Could you tell me the_ of making such tasty cakes? Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick【解析】试题分析:这里表示“你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗”。Feature 特征;plan 计划;cost 花费;trick诀窍,所以选 D。句意:上文,你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗?下文,好吧,我就是按照烹饪书上的
16、说明做的。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。3.【2014湖北卷】Her_ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique【答案】A【解析】试题分析:A 项表示“动力,激励”;B 项为“ 资格”;C 项是“才能,天赋”;D 项表示“技巧”。句意上“她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利”。故选 A。【考点定位】考查名词辨析及语境理解。4.【2014湖北卷】When Richard sa
17、id, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,Joans face turned red at the unexpected_.A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意上,Joan 听见 Richard 的出乎意外的话脸变红,而话的内容是“你更加和蔼可亲和漂亮了”,明显是夸赞之言,C 项表示的就是 “恭维,赞美”,故选 C。A 项表示的是“命令,要求”;B 项表示“比较”;D 项表示“贡献”,句意上都不符合。 “com-的前缀和 con-的前
18、缀单词一直是高考的重点和难点。【考点定位】考查形近名词辨析及语境理解5.【2014江苏卷】27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election.A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue【答案】A【解析】试题分析:考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。A. symbol 象征,标志;B. portrait 肖像;C. identity 身份,特征;D. statue 塑像,雕像。句意:两年前她被软禁,但是在去年的大选中仍
19、然是势力强大的代表人物。故 A 正确。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解6.【2014安徽卷】29 Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? Thats a good .A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. account【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:-如果你没有足够的钱买一个新车,你为什么不先买一辆二手的呢? -这是一个好建议。四个选项的含义分别是:A .saying 说法,B. question 问题,C suggestio
20、n 建议,D.account 账户,描述。根据句意选 C。【考点定位】考查名词辨析7.【2014浙江卷】6. We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like.A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises【答案】B 【解析】试题分析:A.attempt 尝试;B. request 请求;C.doubts 怀疑;D.promises 承诺。句意:对于我们认识和喜欢的人的请求我们大多喜欢说可以。根据句意故选 B。【考点定位】名词辨析及语境的理解。二、语法填空1.2014新课标全
21、国卷 While there are_68(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _69(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.【解析】68.amazing.这里空格处应该用形容词,来修饰后面的名词,amazing 指令人吃惊的;amazed 指人感到吃惊的。这里不是用来修饰人的,故用 amazing。69.changes.对于我们大多数人来说,变化是逐渐的,需要很多
22、努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语,根据谓语动词 are 可知主语应该是复数,故用 changes。三、短文改错1.2014新课标全国卷Since then for all these year we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.【解析】根据句意和前面的 all these 可知,用可数名词 year 的复数形式 years。all these years 的意思是这么多年。2.2014辽宁卷Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barki
23、ng.【解析】句意:我们已经几次打电话关于 Cleo 的早晨吠叫的事情。这里的 time 是可数名词,表示“次数”改成 times3.2014浙江卷Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. 【解析】strangersstranger.他们很快地给这位陌生人提供帮助。这里 stranger 指的是找票的那个人,是一个人,所以应该用单数。4.2014新课标全国卷For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hou
24、r every day.【解析】hourhours 考查名词单复数。we can do reading for one and a half hour。此处 one and a half hour意思是“一个半小时” ,hour 应该用复数形式。5.2014四川卷 Stay close to your teacher and classmate. 【解析】classmate -classmates 。考查名词单复数。Stay close to your teacher and classmate.从内容可知此处是指许多同学们,应该用复数形式,把 classmate 改为 classmates。
25、2013 年高考试题1.2013浙江4. As the worlds population continues to grow, the _ of food becomes more and more of a concern.A. worth B. supply C. package D. list【答案】B【解析】句意为:随着世界人口的不断增加,食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。所以这里 the supply of food 表示“食品供应” ;其它 worth 意为“价值” ;package 意为“包装” ;list 则意为“单子,名册”都不符合语意,所以这里选 B 项。【考点定位】考查
26、名词辨析。2. 2013天津卷7 While she was in Paris,she developed a_ for fine art.A. way B. relation Ctaste Dhabit【答案】C 【解析】way 方式,方法;relation 关系;taste 品位,鉴赏; habit 习惯。句意:当她在巴黎时,她养成了很好的艺术品位。【考点定位】考查名词的含义及语境理解。32013辽宁卷 The accident caused some _ to my car,but its nothing serious.Aharm BinjuryCruin Ddamage【答案】D【解
27、析】damage 指使用价值遭到损坏, 这种损坏是部分性的,不是完全,根据语境“it is nothing serious”所以选 D。harm 指肉体上或精神上的伤害。injury 指人在事故中受伤。ruin 多用于借喻之中,经常指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。如: The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析42013江苏 33With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture Can take a _ for the better.Ashare B
28、chance Cturn Dlead【答案】C 【解析】句意为:因受到其他的饮食文化的启发,美国的饮食文化可以好转。turn 意为“变化”,符合题意。share 意为“份额,股份 ”;chance 意为“机会”;lead 意为“ 领导,榜样” 。【考点定位】考查名词辨析。52013江西卷 22Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _A. curiosity B. satisfaction C. envy D. patience【答案】D 【解析】curiosity 意为“好奇心”;satisfaction 意为“
29、满意” ; envy 意为“ 嫉妒”;patience 意为“耐心”。 句意:无论什么时候我犯错,老师都耐心地指出来。由语境可知 D 项正确。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析。6.2013湖北22 Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.Adifference Bcomparison Cconnection Dbarrier【答案】D 【解析】diff
30、erence 差别,不同;comparison 比较,对比;connection 联系,关联;barrier 障碍,屏障。句意:在我们和太阳之间形成一道屏障的二氧化碳很容易阻止热量进入大气层,所以地球更暖和了【考点定位】考查名词的含义。72013湖北 21Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.Aperspective Bpriority Cparticipation Dprivilege【答案】A 【解析】perspective 看法,观点,视角; priority 优先考虑的事,重点,优先权; participation 参加,参与;privilege 特别待遇,优惠,特权。句意:以城市青年的视角写的诗倾向于揭示他们缺乏归属感的焦虑。【考点定位】考查名词的含义。