1、瀚文培训学校Han Wen Training Schoolby Kid1初三英语总复习Unit 1 How do you study for a test?一、课程概述：本单元我们将完成以下学习任务：1学习谈论如何学习。2学习介词 by 加动名词作状语的用法。3学习一些重要句型词组和短语的用法。二、重难点提示：Section A 1How do you study for a test?I study by working with a group.by working with a group 是一个介词短语，在句中作状语，表示方式。by 是介词，其后要接名词或动名词。by 有多种意义，在这
2、里意为“通过方式”。e.g. How do you learn English well?By listening to the teacher carefully in class.e.g. How do you get in touch with him?By e-mail.2Do you learn English by watching English-language videos?Yes, I do./ No, I dont.这是一个一般疑问句，用来询问别人的学习方法。3I have learned a lot that way.通过那种方法我学到了很多。that way 前省略了
3、介词 in，表示“以某种方式”通常用介词 in。类似的短语有：in a big way 大规模的, 奢侈的in any way 不管怎样, 好歹in a small way 小规模的,简朴的in a way 在某种程度上，从某方面来说4He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language. 他认为学语法是学语言的一种好方法。（1）划线部分是一个省掉了 that 的宾语从句。从句中动名词短语 studying grammar 用作主语。（2）to learn a language 是不定式短语作定语。way 意为“方式，方法”
4、时，后面可接不定式作定语，还可接定语从句和介词 of 引导的短语作定语。e.g. Im not happy with this way of working.我不喜欢这种工作方式。e.g. I hate the way she always laughs at me.我讨厌她总是嘲笑我的方式。（在 way 后面的定语从句的引导词通常被省略。）5“We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese.” she said. 她说：“对于某件事我们谈得很兴奋时，我们就会以说汉语而告终。”get excited abou
5、t sth.相当于 be excited about sth.意为“对感到兴奋”。end up 意为“结束”，其后是动词是应接动名词形式。e.g. At first they hated each other, but they ended up getting married.他们起初相互仇恨，到后来却成了夫妻。Section B 1I make mistakes in grammar.make mistakes 犯错误mistake 可数名词，指言语或行动上的“错误，失误”，可说 make a mistake 或 make mistakes。 e.g. It is easy to make
6、 a mistake. 犯错误是很容易的。e.g. I made the mistake of giving him my address.我真不该把我的地址给他。e.g. Im sorry. I took your pen by mistake.对不起，我错拿了你的钢笔。mistake 还可以用作动词，意为“弄错；误以为；误会”。e.g. I mistook his meaning. 我误解了他的意思。e.g. We often mistake her for her twin sister.我们常常误以为她是她的双胞胎姐姐。2I dont have a partner to practic
7、e English with. 我没有在一起练习英语的伙伴。to practice English with 是不定式用作定语。当它与它所修饰的词之间在逻辑上是动宾关系时，有时要加上适当的介词。类似的用法有：I dont have a pen to write with.我没有笔写。They didnt have room to live in. 他们没有房间住。3Also I was afraid to speak in class.而且我还不敢在课堂上发言。be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事（因害怕而不敢）e.g. He is afraid to climb that t
8、ree.他不敢爬那棵树。be afraid of sb./sth./doing sth.害怕某人/某事/做某事（强调害怕某种后果）e.g. Are you afraid of your new teacher?你们害怕你们的新老师吗？瀚文培训学校Han Wen Training Schoolby Kid2e.g. He is afraid of dog.他怕狗。4Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 另一个我发现非常难的是英语语法。划线部分是一个定语从句。that 引导从句并且在从句中作found 的宾语。
9、difficult 作宾语补语。5Then I started to write my own original sentences using the grammar I was learning.划线部分是分词短语，在句中做状语。I was learning 是定语从句，修饰 grammar。Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.一、课程概述本单元我们将完成下面的学习任务：1学习谈论自己和他人过去经常做的事。2学习谈论自己和他人过去的外貌、性格、爱好等。3学习谈论自己和他人的变化。4学习一些重要的单词、词组和句型：（1）used to do sth.
10、（2）连词 but 的用法。（3）Mario used to be short.Yes, he did. Now he is tall.（4）I used to eat candy all the time.Did you? Yes, I did. And I used to chew gum a lot.二、重难点概述1Mario, you used to be short, didnt you? Mario, 你过去个子矮矮的，是吧?Yes, I did.是的。used to 意为“过去常常”，后接动词原形，表示过去常常干某事，现在不再干了。肯定句：e.g. I used to play
11、computer games after school .(But I dont play computer games any more.)我过去常常玩电脑游戏。（但是我现在不玩了。）She used to be thin. ( But now she is heavy.)她过去瘦瘦的。（但现在她胖了。）疑问句：e.g.Did you use to be a teacher?Yes, I did.你曾经当过老师吧？是的。e.g. Used you to go to school by bike? No, I didnt.你过去是骑自行车上学吧？不是。否定句：e.g. He used to d
12、rink. 他以前常常喝酒。He didnt use to drink. 他以前不习惯喝酒。e.g. We usednt to watch this kind of plays.我们以前不习惯看这种电视剧。在疑问句和否定句中通常借助于助动词 did，但在英国英语中人们也常直接用 used 来提问或直接否定 used。在反意疑问句中可借助于助动词 did 来提问和来否定。e.g. But you used to be really short, didnt you?你曾经真的很矮，是吗?2Are you still afraid of dark? 你现在还怕黑吗？be afraid of 后接名
13、词或动名词，主要表达“害怕，担心”。e.g. She is very much afraid of her mother.她非常害怕她的妈妈。He was afraid of losing face.他担心丢面子。be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事e.g. He is afraid to travel by plane.他不敢坐飞机旅行。3Were visiting for a couple of days. 我们参观已有两三天了。a couple of (口语) 两个的，一对的；两三个的，几个的，数个的(=few)e.g. They keep a couple of dog
14、s.他们养了两只狗。Ive got a couple of letters from him.我已收到了他的几封信。4I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。with my bedroom light on 是一个介词短语，在句中作伴随状语。e.g. He went to sleep with his mouth open.他张着嘴睡着了。The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。5I used to be on the soccer team.我曾经是足球队
15、的。on 介词，表示“属于，参加”，在表达这个意思时可与介词in 互换。e.g. They are all in/on our team.他们都属于我们这个队。6It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 余梅似乎改变了许多.seem vi.看起来（像是），似乎，好像（不可用于进行时）瀚文培训学校Han Wen Training Schoolby Kid3（1）seem to be + adj.e.g. His mother seems to be a friendly woman.他妈妈似乎是个友好的人。（2）seem to do sth.e.g. She
16、 seems to know something about that.她似乎对那件事有所察觉。（3）seem like e.g. It seems like years since we last met.我们似乎好几年不见了。（4）It seems that从句e.g. It seems that he has caught a cold.= He seems to have caught a cold.他好像是感冒了。（5）It seems as if (as though) +从句e.g. Look at the dark clouds! It seems as if it is go
17、ing to rain.看那些乌云，似乎要下雨。Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed tochoose their own clothes.一、课程概述在本单元里我们要完成以下学习任务：1学习谈论规章制度以及表达同意或不同意。2学习谈论应该被允许和不被允许做的事情。3学习情态动词 shouldbe allowed to do sth.4学习重点词汇、句型。二重难点提示1I think teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends every night.（1）allow 允许allow sb.
18、to do sth. 允许某人做某事e.g. I dont allow you to say so.我不允许你这么说。allow doing sth.e.g. We dont allow smoking in public.我们不允许在公共场合抽烟。（2）should be allowed to do sth. 应该被允许做某事should 情态动词，意为“应该”，其后接动词原形。be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事should be allowed to do sth. 是“情态动词被动结构”的用法。e.g. He is allowed to play computer
19、games on weekends.他被允许在周末玩电脑游戏。Children shouldnt be allowed to go swimming alone.孩子们不应该被允许独自去游泳。2I dont think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced.（1）twelve-year-olds 12 岁的孩子们twelve-year-olds 是复合名词，此短语相当于“twelve-year-old children”。“twelve-year-old”是复合形容词，作定语。如：a twelve-year-o
20、ld boy 一个 12 岁的男孩（2）get their ears pierced 扎耳朵眼“get名词过去分词”意为“使被”。pierced 是过去分词，在句中作 ears 的补足语。因为与宾语之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。e.g. I need to get my hair cut.我需要理发了。We should get our classroom cleaned.我们应该把教室打扫一下。有相同用法的动词还有 have。e.g. Please have the TV set repaired.请把这台电视机修理一下。3I agree. 我同意。agree v. 同意（1）agree
21、with n.与（人、想法）意见一致e.g. I agree with you. =I agree with what you say.我赞同你。（我和你意见相同。）（2）agree about/on n.（关于）意见一致e.g. We agree about/on that.关于那件事我们意见一致。Do you agree with me about/on that matter?关于那件事你同意我的意见吗？（3）agree to do sth. 同意做某事e.g. We all agree to help them.我们都同意帮助他们。agree 的反义词是 disagree。4stay
22、up 熬夜，不睡觉e.g. Dont stay up too often. Its bad for your health.别经常熬夜，对你身体不好。5We have a lot of rules at my house. 我们家里有许多规矩。So do we. 我们也是。So do we.是一个倒装句。“So助动词/系动词/情态动词另一不同主语”表示“也如此”。e.g. She likes English, so does her brother.她喜欢英语，她弟弟也一样。Im late, so are you.我迟到了，你也如此。He can drive, so can I.瀚文培训学校H
23、an Wen Training Schoolby Kid4他会开车，我也会。在否定句中用 neither 或 nor。e.g. She doesnt like PE, neither do I.她不喜欢体育，我也如此。如果是“So同一主语系动词/情态动词/助动词”，则表示赞同前面的看法。e.g. He works hard. 他学习很勤奋。So he does. 的确是这样。6be strict with sb. in sth. 在某方面对某人严格要求e.g. My parents are strict with me in my studies.我父母在我学习方面要求很严格。7concent
24、rate 集中（注意力，努力等），专心，专心致力（1）concentrate n.on/upon n.e.g. He concentrates his energies on studying.他把精力专注于研究。（2）concentrate on/upon n.e.g. We must concentrate on our new jobs.我们必须专注于新的工作。Students shouldnt concentrate more on their clothes.学生不应该更多的专注于穿戴。8have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事（相当于have a
25、chance to do sth.）e.g. You have had a good opportunity to learn English.=You have had a good chance to learn English.=You have had a good opportunity of learning English.=You have had a good chance of learning English.9一些短语和词组（1）stop wearing that silly earringstop doing sth. 停止做某事（2）fail a test =fai
26、l in a test =dont pass a test 考试不及格（考试失败了）（3）at least 至少at most 最多（4）once a week 一周一次twice a week 一周两次（5）have Friday afternoons off 星期五下午休假（6）reply to n. 回答，答复reply to a letter 回信reply to a question 回答问题Unit 4 What would you do?一、课程概述在本单元内我们要完成以下学习任务：1学习表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构。2学习谈论一些假设的、虚拟的情况。3学习使用虚拟语气提出
27、建议。二、重难点提示1What would you do if you had a lot of money? 如果你有很多钱你将做什么？这是一个与现在事实相反的假设，用的是虚拟语气。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在本单元中出现的是虚拟语气中的一种：表示与现在事实相反的一种假设，与 if 引导的条件状语从句一起使用。结构：条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式（动词 be 多用were），主句中的动词用 would动词原形。e.g. What would you do if you had a million dolla
28、rs? 假如你有一百万美元你将干什么？If I had a million dollars, Id buy a plane and travel around the world.我将买一架飞机并周游世界。e.g. If I were you, Id wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你，我会穿衬衣打领带。Id=I would2What if everybody else is wearing jeans and T-shirts?如果别人都穿牛仔裤、T 恤衫怎么办呢？what if 的用法：（1）如果怎么办？e.g. What if I dont know anyone?如果
29、我不认识任何人怎么办？（2）即使又有什么关系？e.g. What if he goes angry?即使他生气又有什么关系？3What are you like? 你是个什么样的人？I think Im creative and outgoing.我想我具备创造力并且善于交际。注意以下几个句子所询问的不同内容：（1）What are you like?(like 是介词)询问的是性格（personality）。（2）What do you like? (like 是动词)询问的是爱好(hobby)。（3）What do you look like?(like 是介词)询问的是外貌（appear
30、ance）。4Social situations dont bother you in the slightest.（1）bother 打扰，困扰；麻烦e.g. Dont bother me with stupid questions.不要问一些愚蠢的问题来烦我。Im sorry to bother you.对不起，打扰了。Dont bother about/with it.瀚文培训学校Han Wen Training Schoolby Kid5不要为那件事烦恼。（2）notin the slightest =notat all 一点也不，毫不e.g. He didnt seem to min
31、d in the slightest.他似乎毫不在意。5You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group.你喜欢对一两个人讲话而不是是对一群人讲话。rather than=instead of 意为“而不是”，用作连词，连接两个并列的成分。e.g. I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffer. 我想要冷饮，不要咖啡。Why didnt you ask for help, rather than trying to do it on your own?你为什么非得自己干而
32、不请人帮忙？You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.你还会宁愿呆在家里看一本书而不愿去一个聚会。6一些短语和词组：（1）worry about 为而担心e.g. Dont worry about me. Ill look after myself.别为我担心，我会照顾我自己。 （2）e.g. He made a speech on peace.他以和平为题发表演讲。（3）without permission 没经过允许with permission 经过许可（4）let sb. dow
33、n 让某人失望=make sb. disappointed=frustrate sb.（5）come up with 想出，找出（答案、计划）（不可用于被动语态）e.g. Youve come up with a good idea.你想出的主意太好了。6the rest of the students 其余的学生rest n. 其余，其他，rest 常用作 the rest of，其后可接可数名词或不可数名词。e.g. You can eat up the rest of the food.你可吃光剩下的食物。Mary is out. The rest of the girls are at
34、 home.玛丽外出了，其余的女孩在家。 Unit 5 It must belong to Carla.一、课程概述本周我们要完成以下学习任务：1学习用情态动词表示推测。2学习根据相关的信息进行合理的推断。3学习 must, might, could 和 cant 的用法及区别。4学习一些重要的单词、短语和句型。二、重难点提示1It must belong to Carla. 那肯定是 Carla 的。（1）must 表示肯定的猜测，意为“一定是，必然”，后面接动词原形。e.g. Its too late. He must be away.太晚了，他肯定走了。She must dislike
35、such a joke.她肯定不喜欢那种玩笑。（2）belong to 意为“属于所有；属于之一员”。（不用于进行时）e.g. This is not my car. It belongs to my uncle.这不是我的车，是我叔叔的。Who does this backpack belong to?这个书包是谁的？I belong to our school soccer club.我是校足球俱乐部的。 This book belongs to me. =This book is mine. = This is my book.2Whose volleyball is this? 这是谁
36、的排球？=Whose is this volleyball?=Who does this volleyball belong to?3There is a hair band, so the person can not be a boy.这里有一个发带，那么这个人肯定不是个男孩。cant be 意为“肯定不是”，是一种语气很肯定的否定，是“must be”的反义词。e.g. Who is that man?It may be Mr. Zhang?No, it cant be Mr. Zhang. He has gone to Beijing.那个人是谁？可能是张先生吧。不可能是他，张先生去北
37、京了。 表示肯定的猜测用 must be, 把握性最大。 表示非常有把握的否定猜测时用 cant be；表示语气不肯定，把握不大的肯定猜测时用 may be, might be, could be。 might be 的可能性最小。e.g. Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？Its 3 oclock. It must be Jim. He told me he would come at 3.三点了，肯定是 Jim，他告诉过我他三点要来。（It may be the post man. 可能是邮递员。瀚文培训学校Han Wen Training Schoolb
38、y Kid6It might be Jim. 或许是 Jim 吧。） mustnt 不表示猜测，而表示“不许，不准”。e.g. You mustnt talk in class. 上课不准讲话。Young children mustnt smoke. 小孩不许抽烟！4在本单元之中还出现了两个表示猜测意义的副词：probably 和 possibly从 35 面 2b 中的解释中可看出，probably 所表示的可能性比possibly 要大。probably adv. 很可能，十分之九e.g. He will probably arrive tonight. 他很可能今晚到达。e.g. Wil
39、l he be angry? Probably. (Probably not.) 他会生气吗？ 十有八九。（大概不会）possibly adv. 也许，可能，说不定e.g. Possibly he was talking the truth.也许他在说真话。5Im really anxious. 我真的很焦急。be anxious about/for sth. 为而焦虑e.g. Were anxious about/for his health.我们为他的健康而担心。be anxious to do sth. 急切地想做某事e.g. He is anxious to see her.他急切地想
40、见到她。6Shes worried because of her test. 她因为测试而担心。because of 与 because 的区别：because of 是介词，其后只能接名词或相当于名词的词；because 是连词，其后要接从句。e.g. We put off our sports meeting because of the weather.因为天气的原因，我们推迟了运动会。e.g. She didnt come to school yesterday because she was ill.她昨天没上学是因为生病了。because 通常用来回答 why 提出的问题。e.g.
41、 Why is your mother annoyed? 你妈为什么生气了？Because I didnt pass the math test on algebra. 因为我数学中的代数考试不及格。7look at the man running down the street running down the street 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 the man。后面的 There is a strange creature getting out 中的getting out 也是相同的用法。8I must be dreaming. 我肯定在做梦。must be doing sth.
42、肯定在做某事e.g. It is 7 oclock. They must be watching the CCTV news.七点了。他们肯定正在看中央台的新闻节目。They must be making a movie.他们肯定在拍电影。在 2C 的 pair work 中出现了：could be running for exercisemight be running to catch a bus都表示猜测“可能在做某事”，但语气比 must be doing 弱。9pretend to be asleep 假装睡着了pretend to do 假装做e.g. He pretended t
43、o read the newspaper when his wife came in.他妻子进来时他假装看报。Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to.一、课程概述在本单元内我们要完成以下学习任务：1学习谈论自己的喜好。2学习表达自己对某事的好恶。3学习用 that 和 who 引导的定语从句。4学习几个重要的单词和词组：prefer, remind of, interest, suggest二、重难点提示1What kind of music do you like?你喜欢什么样的音乐？I like music that I can dance to.我
44、喜欢可以跟着一起跳舞的音乐。I like music that I can dance to.是一个由 that 引导的定语从句，用来修饰 music.定语从句是本单元的重点，也是一个难点。由一个句子来充当定语，叫定语从句。定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词。被定语从句所修饰的那个词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有关系代词和关系副词两种。在本单元中只要求同学们掌握关系代词 who 和that 引导的定语从句。（1）由 who 引导的定语从句。当先行词指人时，定语从句通常由 who 引导。who 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。e.g. Carman likes musicians who play dif
45、ferent kinds of music.Carman 喜欢演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。I like musicians who write their own songs. 我喜欢自己写歌的音乐家。I love singers who write their own music. 我喜欢自己写歌的歌手。定语从句中谓语动词的数取决于先行词。瀚文培训学校Han Wen Training Schoolby Kid7e.g. This is the boy who has won the first prize in the game.这就是那个在比赛中得第一名的男孩。The students wh
46、o are going to the cinema have got their tickets.那些去电影院的学生们已拿到了票。当先行词指人时，也可以用 that。e.g. The girl that (who) is speaking is Jims sister. 那个正在讲话的女孩是 Jim 的姐姐。当引导先行词的关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可用 whom。e.g. Do you know the girl whom your teacher is talking to?你认识那个你们老师正在与她交谈的女孩吗？当引导先行词的关系代词在从句中作宾语时也可以用 that, 还可以省略：e.g
47、. The boy (whom/that) youre looking for is on the playground.你正在找的那个男孩在操场上。（2）由 that 引导的定语从句：that 引导定语从句时先行词可以指人也可指物，that 在从句中可作主语，也可作宾语。作宾语时可以被省略。e.g. Carman likes music that is loud.（指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略。）I prefer groups that play quiet and gentle songs（指人，作主语，不能省略。）This is the person that you are look
48、ing for.（指人，作宾语，可以省略，可用 whom 代换。）有关定语从句的其它知识，以后会慢慢讲到。2prefer vt. =like better 喜欢（甚于喜欢）；宁选（而不选）（1）prefer A to Be.g. I prefer English to maths.我比较喜欢英语而不喜欢数学。（2）prefer doing A to doing Be.g. He prefer staying at home to playing soccer. 他宁可呆在家里也不愿去踢球。（3）prefer to do A rather than do Be.g. We prefer to w
49、atch TV at home rather than go to the cinema.我们宁可在家看电视而不愿去电影院。She prefers to listen to light music rather than watch the boring TV play.她宁可听轻音乐而不愿看那无聊的电视剧。3The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music. 这音乐使我想起了巴西的舞曲。remind vt. 使（人）想起，使记得，提醒（1）remind sb of sth./sb.e.g. He reminds me of my father. 他使我想起了
