1、有史以来最完整的钢琴术语有史以来最完整的钢琴术语：vibration振动sound音tone音（乐音）musicaltone乐音noise噪音acoustics声学psychoacoustics心理声学frequency频率intensity强度time时间waveform波形pitch音高loudness响度duration时值timbre音色(tonecolororquality)tuningfork音叉puretone纯音complextone复音(compositetone)overtone(s)泛音(aliquottone,harmonics,flageolettone即upperp
2、artials)overtoneseries泛音列partial(s)分音(partialtone)fundamental(tone)基音(firstpartial)step音级(scalestep,degree)accidental(s)变音记号sharp升号flat降号double-sharp重升号double-flat重降号nature还原号intonation音准octave八度range音域(compass)(voice)register音区smallc小字组cgreatC大字组CcontraC大字二组Cunaccentedoctave小字组one-linedoctave小字一组(o
3、ne-line)two-linedoctave小字二组(two-line)threelinedoctave小字三组(three-line)four-lineoctave小字四组(four-line)temperament乐律temperedscale平均律(equaltemperament)justintonation纯律pitchname音名enharmonicnotes等音(whole)tone全音half-tone半音naturalhalf-tone自然半音naturaltone自然全音chromatictone变化全音chromatichalf-tone变化半音notation记谱法s
4、taff乐谱trebleclef高音谱号bassclef低音谱号clef谱号(Gclef,Fclef,Cclef)note(s)音符rest(s)休止符breve二全音符semibreve全音符(wholenote，美)minim二分音符(halfnote，美)crotchet四分音符(quarternote，美)quaver八分音符(eighthnote，美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote，美)demisemiquaver三十二分音符(thirty-secondnote，美)hemidemisemiquaver六十四分音符(sixty-fourthnote，美)d
5、ot附点doubledot复附点dottednote附点音符dottedrest附点休止符score总谱legerline(s)加线(ledgerline(s)head符头stem符干hook符尾(tail)space间line线tie延音线pause延长号(hold,fermata)bar小节(barline小节线,measure)legato连音，连奏staccato断音，断奏sostenuto持音trembolo震音glissando滑音relativepitch相对音高（听觉）absolutepitch绝对音高（听觉）sight-singing视唱fixed-do固定唱名法movabl
6、e-do音调唱名法lyra乐徽rhythm节奏rhythmicpattern节奏型accent重音syncopation切分音meter拍子(time)duplemeter(s)二拍子(2/2,2/4,2/8)triplemeter(s)三拍子(3/2,3/4,3/8)quadruplemeter(s)四拍子(4/2,4/4,4/8)commonmeter普通拍子(4/4)simplemeter(s)单拍子compoundmeter(s)复拍子compoundduplemeter(s)复二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compoundtriplemeter(s)复三拍子(9/4,9/8)c o
7、mpound quadruple meter(s)复四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)quintuplemeter五拍子timesignature拍号multi-meter变化拍子irregularmeter（不规则）混合拍子(7/4,11/7)Metronome节拍机(M.M.=Malzels)duplet二连音triplet三连音quadruplet四连音quintuplet五连音sextuplet六连音septuplet七连音tempo速度dynamics力度tempomark(s)速度标记dynamicmark(s)力度标记mode调式（狭指教会调式；广指调式）scale音阶ke
8、y调tonality调性atonality无调性bitonality双重调性polytonality多调性major大调minor小调keysignature调号pentatonic五声的natural自然的melodic旋律的harmonic和声的whole-tone全音的chromatic半音的ascending上行descending下行scaledegree（调式）音级tonic(I)主音，主和弦supertonic(II)上主音，上主和弦mediant(III)中音，中音和弦subdominant(IV)下属音，下属和弦dominant(V)属音，属和弦submediant(VI)下
9、中音，下中音和弦(super-dominant)leadingtone(VII)导音，导和弦(subtonic)brokenchord分解和弦alteredchord变和弦falsechord假和弦resolution解决relativekeys关系大小调parallelkeys同主音调interval音程melodicinterval旋律音程harmonicinterval和声音程root根音（fundamental）scalestep音级（音级数：numberofscalestep）simpleinterval单音程compoundinterval复音程enharmonicinterval
10、s等音程inversion转位（complement）minor小（音程）major大（音程）perfect完全，纯（音程）augmented增（音程）diminished减（音程）double-augmented倍增（音程）double-diminished倍减（音程）unison同度，一度（prime）second二度third三度fourth四度fifth五度sixth六度seventh七度octave八度ninth九度tenth十度eleventh十一度twelfth十二度tri-tone三全音diatonicinterval自然（音程）chromaticinterval变化（音程）c
11、onsonant协和（音程、和弦）dissonant不协和（音程、和弦）chord和弦triad三和弦majortriad大三和弦minortriad小三和弦diminishedtriad减三和弦augmentedtriad增三和弦rootposition原位firstinversion第一转位secondinversion第二转位thirdinversion第三转位sixthchord六和弦sixth-fourchord四六和弦seventhchord七和弦dominantseventhchord属七和弦diminishedseventhchord减七和弦ninthchord九和弦augme
12、ntedsixthchord增六和弦Added-sixthchord加六度和弦fourthchord四度和弦tone-cluster音簇harmony和声学harmonicanalysis和声分析functionalharmony功能和声modulation转调transposition移调chromaticscale半音阶diatonicscale自然音阶passingtone经过音neighboringtone辅助音（auxiliarytone，upperorlower）anticipation先现音suspension延留音ornament（s）装饰音trill颤音mordent波音（u
13、ppermordent）invertedmordent逆波音（lowermordent；早期称Schneller）doublemordent复波音invertedturn回音arpeggio琶音melody旋律repetition重复unity统一variety变化variation变奏themewithvariation主题与变奏comparison对比augmentation展开climax高潮sequence模进melodicsequence旋律模进harmonicsequence和声模进melodicprogression旋律进行melodiccontour旋律轮廓motive动机de
14、velopment发展thematicmaterial主题材料phrase乐句phrasing分句period乐段cadence终止perfectcadence完全终止imperfectcadence不完全终止halfcadence半终止authenticcadence正格终止plagalcadence变格终止interruptedcadence阻碍终止deceptivecadence伪终止musicalform曲式one-partform一段式，一部曲式binaryform二段式，二部曲式（AB）roundedbinaryform（有再现的）二段式ternaryform三段式，三部曲式（AB
15、A）four-partform四段式five-partform五段式variationform变奏曲式（A，A1，A2，A3）strophicform分节歌（a，a，a，a）rondoform回旋曲式（ABACA）sonataform奏鸣曲式exposition呈示部development展开部recapitulation再现部rondosonataform回旋奏鸣曲式movement乐章prelude前奏（曲）interlude间奏（曲）coda尾声trio三声中部cadanza华彩乐段musicalform体裁reduction改编（缩编）trio三重奏quartet四重奏quintet五
16、重奏opera歌剧ballet芭蕾chorus合唱choir合唱团choralmusic合唱音乐cantata康塔塔mass弥撒oratorio清唱剧passion受难曲symphony交响曲concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲sonatina小奏鸣曲band军乐队bandmusic军乐etude练习曲march进行曲jazz爵士乐overture序曲ballata叙事曲intermezzo间奏曲waltz圆舞曲，华尔兹allemande阿勒曼德courante库朗特sarabande萨拉班德gigue吉格bourree布列polonaise波洛涅兹tarantella塔兰台拉govott
17、e加沃特chaconne恰空passacaglia帕萨卡利亚capriccio随想曲fantasia幻想曲lullaby摇篮曲tango探戈habanera哈巴涅拉madrigal牧歌choral众赞歌reguiem安魂曲symphonicpoem交响诗toccata托卡塔serenade小夜曲nocturn夜曲rhapsody狂想曲minuet小步舞曲recitative宣叙调aria咏叹调songswithoutword无词歌invention创意曲scherzo谐谑曲mazurka玛祖卡polka波尔卡foxtrot狐步舞blues布鲁斯rumba伦巴disco迪斯科suite组曲fug
18、ue赋格instrumentalmusic器乐musicalinstrument乐器instrumentation乐器法orchestra管弦乐队orchestration配器法conductor指挥concertmaster首席podium指挥台woodwindinstruments木管乐器piccolo短笛flute长笛oboe双簧管clarinet单簧管（黑管）bassclarinet低音单簧管bassoon大管（巴松）contrabassoon低音大管Englishhorn英国管brasswindinstruments铜管乐器Frenchhorn圆号，法国号trumpet小号corne
19、t短号trombone长号tuba大号basstuba低音大号doublebasstuba倍低音大号tenortuba次中音大号bass低音号saxophone萨克斯管euphonium尤风宁号percussion（s）打击乐kettledrum定音鼓bassdrum大鼓tenordrum中鼓sidedrum小鼓triangle三角铁chimes排钟marimba玛林巴tubularbells管钟glockenspiel钟琴vibraphone颤音琴castanets响板whip鞭响器rattle摇响器anvil乐砧tambourine铃鼓tabor塔波鼓bongo邦戈鼓gong锣temple
20、block木鱼woodblock南梆子，盒梆cymbal钹harp竖琴xylophone木琴piano钢琴pedal踏板stringedinstruments弦乐器violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴doublebass低音提琴guitar吉他lute疏特琴harpsichord拨弦古钢琴clavier（18世纪）键盘乐器organ风琴pipeorgan管风琴accordion手风琴keyboard键盘（乐）vocalmusic声乐belcanto美声acappella无伴奏合唱voice人声，声部soprano女高音coloraturasoprano花腔女高音lyricsopr
21、ano抒情女高音dramaticsoprano戏剧女高音mezzosoprano次女高音，女中音tenor男高音dramatictenor戏剧男高音bariton男中音bass男低音unison齐奏（唱）solo独奏（唱）duet二重奏ensemble合奏（团体）stage舞台theater剧场，戏剧Renaissance文艺复兴Rococo洛可可Baroque巴洛克Classicism古典主义Romanticism浪漫主义Impressionism印象主义Nationalisminmusic民族乐派Anti-impressionism反印象主义Realism现实主义Serialism序列主义
22、Primitivism原始主义Expressionism表现主义Microtonalism微分音主义Neoclassicism新古典主义Structuralism结构主义ConcreteMusic具体音乐Accidentalism偶然主义Minimalism省略（简约）主义Pointillism点描派monophonicmusic单声部音乐homophony主调homophonicmusic主调音乐polyphony复调polyphonicmusic复调音乐counterpoint对位programmusic标题音乐absolutemusic纯音乐，非标题音乐abstractmusic抽象音乐
