1、1如何做好高中英语语法填空一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。 技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例1：There are many students living at school, the(child)houses are all far from school. 由students 一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为 houses 的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答
2、案为 child 的复合变化形式复数的所有格 ehildrens。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气） ，有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词） 。例 2：A talk( give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang. 句中的 is 是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从 tomorrow 可以看出，报告是“将来 ”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give 动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用 give 的不定式被动式t o be given。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变
3、化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格） 、物主代词（形容词性和名词性） 、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如 no one/none、o ther/another 等。例3：T he king decided to see the painter by( he). 由介词 by 可以看出，横线处应填反身代词 himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀- er 和- est，或在词前加more/less 和 most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以 the。例
4、4：I am(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class. 此题后句交代了 Liu Wen 是 班 上 最 高的 学 生 ， 那 “我” 肯定比他矮，所以不能用 taller，只能用表示程度不如的“ less tall”。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀- teen、- ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及 one/two 的特殊变化形式 once/twice。例5：T o my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eld
5、est son shall take a half, my second son shall take a( three). 从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得 a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序数词“ third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例 6：L ious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very( happiness). 在
6、这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将 happiness 还原成词根 happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀 un-，就成了 unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，2但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见” 才能命中答案。例7：The children were playing on the ground, enjoyin dirty but happy. 从句中的happy 可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用 enjoy oneself 短语，
7、故其答案为themselves。 例 8：H is boss wasa ngry as to fire him. 如果“跳过”横线后面的 angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语 so.as to，所以，s o 是正解。 技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。 例 9：H e did not doh is father had asked him to do. 审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是 what。 例10: Thosewant to go to the village must sign he
8、re. 经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为 those，且指人，所以只能填入 who。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。 例 11：T he US consistsf ifty states. 根据常识可知，美国由 50 个 州 组 成 ， 故 横 线 处 与 前 一 词 组 合 ， 表 示 “由组成”，所以答案是of。 例 12： Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for leave to takeof her. 生病需要人
9、照顾，所以答案是 care，与前后词构成 take care of。 技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：e xcept for, due to等。 例 13：Mr Smith took a plane to Londono f taking a train. 此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐 而不是坐” 的意思，故答案为 instead，以构成介词短语instead of。 例 14：J ust then, he saw a blackboard inof him. 细心观察，可以看出填入 front 即可构成 in front of，此题得解。
10、技巧十一：连词、关 联 短 语 结 构 。常用的连词有 and, or, but, so, for, while 等 常用的关联短语有both.and, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等。例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school, h is family was too poor. 此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。 例 16：Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre. 横线处的词与后面可以
11、构成 both.and，故答案为 Both。 技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在 a，a n,the 之 间 判 断 ； 常用的介词有in，a t， ，b efore，d uring 等 ， 通 常 考 查 固 定 搭 配 ； 副 词 的 量 还 是 比 较 多 ， 如 ：however，n ever，y et，m uch 等，但一般不会考查- ly 形式的方式副词（见技巧六形容词派生副词的情况） 。 例 17：Jackie likes to drive athigh speed. 这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为 a，构成 at a high speed， “以高速 ”开车
12、。 例18：Old Toms grand-danghter used to visit himS aturday afternoon. Saturday afternoon 是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词 in，而用 on 才是正解。例19：T hough Liu Qiang did the same workZ hang Wen did，h e got a lower payZhang 第一条横线可由前面的 the sanle 判断出用 a，第二条横线则可由 lower 判断出比较意义，故答案为 than。 例20：I t was only one day left, ,his father
13、 had no idea to answer him. 观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除 but，所以答案是 however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文；关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的，地方上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例321：T onyt ravelling abroad, bu
14、t dislikes staying home watching TV. 由第二句话中的dislikes 可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词 likes。(1)Making new friends means _1_（put） yourself out on a limb and asking others not only to accept you, but to like you and want to be around you as well. _2_(fortunate)， there is no magical solution 3_ this part of the proce
15、ss, so if you want to make friends, take a deep breath and jump right in!_4_ first step to making new friends is figuring out what is holding you back. A lot of times people _5_ are interested in making new friends dont know why they dont have them already. They cant see that _6_ own actions are wor
16、king against them.Once you can identify(确认，确定) what is keeping you from making new friends, you need to work through these concerns. This can be painful 7_ you will need to put yourself outside of your comfort zones to see any real differences. The next step is to shine in these social settings so t
17、hat others will leave with a positive _8_ (impress). If you find social situations hard, just rely on a few simple rules.When you feel 9_ (confidence) that youve made some great new friends, get out there and celebrate with them! No matter10_ you decide to do, the important thing is to celebrate you
18、r new friends and hopefully continue cultivating more. 语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分 15 分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 3l-40 的相应位置上。(2)An old man who lived in a small street in the city of Mumbai had to put up _1_ the nuisance (烦心事) of having boys play cricket ou
19、tside his house at night.One evening when the boys were _2_ (particular) noisy, he went out to talk to them. He explained that he was happiest _3_ he could see or hear boys playing his favourite game, cricket. He said he would give them 25 rupees (卢比) each week to play in the street at night. The bo
20、ys were thrilled. They were being paid to do something they enjoyed! At the end of the first week they _4_ (knock) at the old mans door and asked him to pay them, and so he did.The second week when they asked for _5_ (pay) he said he had run out of money and sent them away with only 15 rupees. The t
21、hird week the man said he had not yet received his pension and gave _6_only 10 rupees. The boys were very _7_ (disappoint) but there was not much they could do about it. The _8_ (four) week the man said he could not afford to pay them 25 rupees _9_ he had promised, but would give them 5 rupees each
22、week without fail.This was too much for the boys.“You expect us to play seven days _10_ week for a merely 5 rupees!” they yelled. “Go to 4blazes.” They stormed away and never played on the street again. (3)The Internet has become part of young peoples life. _1_ report shows that 38% of students ofte
23、n use the Internet . Most of them get _2_ (use) information on the Internet _3_ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students dont use it _4_ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites _5_ shouldnt look at. So bad things may happen _6_ students spend too much time on th
24、e Internet._7_ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, _8_ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful _9_(advise).Some students also make friends on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face _10_ (meet)
25、with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.5(1)本文介绍如何结交新朋友。31. putting。表示“意味着干某事”，应为 mean doing sth。32. Unfortunately。从 no magical solution 可以推断出“不幸的是”。33. to。因 solution 通常接介词 to，表示“的解决方法”。34. The。序数词 first 前要用定冠词。35. who/ that。定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语。36. their。指主语 they“他们自己
26、的”。37. because。后面解释“这可能是痛苦的”的原因。38. impression。在“冠词+ 形容词(a positive)”后要接名词。39. confident。在系动词 feel 后作表语，用形容词。40. what。在句中作 do 的宾语，用连接代词 what；no matter what意为“不管你决定做什么” 。( 2)31. with put up with 是一个词组，意为“忍耐，忍受” 。32. particularly 修饰形容词 noisy 应该用副词。33. when 在这里引导一个时间装语从句。34.knocked 此处应该是谓语动词的过去式。35. payment 介词后面应该用名词， ask for payment：索要报酬。36. yet 在否定句式中用 yet，表示“尚未” 。37. disappointed 感到失望的。Disappointing 是“令人失望的”38. it 指代“要钱”这件事。39. as 在这里引导一个方式状语从句，意思是：按照先前承诺的那样。40. a a week = per week, every week(3) 1. A 2. useful 3. and 4. in 5. they 6. if 7. It 8. which 9. advice 10. meeting
