1、,英语五种基本句型及拓展,句型1 S(主） + Vi（不及物动词） 1) S + V + adverbial(状语）（副词/副词短语 ） Birds sing beautifully. The bomb blew up . Themachineworkssmoothly.(机器运转正常。) 2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语） He went on holiday.,3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式） We stopped to have a rest. Theystoppedtotakeashortrest. 特别提醒，动词stop可用作不及物动词也
2、可用作及物词 作不及物 动词时,通常后接动词不定式,表示停下 来的目 的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示 停止做这件事 .e.g. Theystoppedtakingarest. 4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词） Ill go swimming,句型2 S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾） 1) S + VT + N/Pron I like music. I like her. I believe him. 2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式） I want to help him. 常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, d
3、are, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。3) S + VT + Wh-how-who-which-Word + Infinitive I dont know what to do. I cant afford to find that out. The others pretended to sneeze. I dont know whether it is true. The small boy
4、doesnt even know how to read. 常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。,4) S + VT + Gerund I enjoy living here. I forgot closing the window. We began shouting at each other. 常用
5、于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help等。 5) S + VT + That-clause I dont think (that) he is right. The man also noticed that he was getting fat. 常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, deman
6、d, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind, notice, propose, request, report, say, see ，show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。,6） S + VT + 连接副词或代词引导的宾语 从句(when what which how where) I didnt know where they had gone. Do you see why I d
7、id it ? I dont care what they say You can discuss which is his best poem. I cant remember when that happened. 7）S + VT +同源宾语（P346） 8) S +成语动词（大体上有六 类）+宾语,成语动词分类 1)及物动词+副词：hand in/cross out划掉 /put forth提出/put off/bring about/put on 2）不及物动词+介词：abide by/look after/look for/look into/call upon/consists
8、of 3）不及物动词+介词+名词:come to an end结束/came into being/fall into pieces崩塌 4）不及物动词+副词+介词:look down on/carry on with推行/date back to/do away with 5) 及物动词+介词+名词:pay attention to/take care of/loss touch with/made friends with 6）及物动词+自身代词+介词：accustom himself to使习惯于/help yourself to/abandon herself陷入 (某种感情）to/d
9、evote himself to,句型3 S (主）+ （lv)( 系动词）+ P（表） 除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官 的动词， feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表转变变化的动词， become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine,
10、sit, stand, continue, hang等。 1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词） He is a boy. This is mine. 2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词） She is beautiful. 3) S + Lv + Adv (副词） Class is over. 4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health. The children are in the garden.,5) S + Lv + Participle(分词） He is excited. The film is interesting
11、. 6)S+lv+That-clause(从句) My opinion is that the plan wont work. 7) S+LV+Adj+ Prep Phrase She was afraid of snakes. 8) S+LV+Adj+ to do/（that-clause/连接代副词引导） He was keen to visit china. I am not sure what I ought to do. I am not certain who he is. I am worried how the money was spent. 9) S+LV+ to do M
12、y plan is to keep the affair secret. His purpose was to become a surgeon.,句型4 S (主）+ VT（谓）+ In O（间接 宾）+ D O（直接 宾） 1) S + VT + N/Pron + N I sent him a book. I bought May a book. 2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase He sent a book to me（间接）. He bought a coat for me. 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny,
13、 give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render(offer), restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell write等。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。 3) S + VT（双宾动词） + N/Pron + That-clause（可以省略
14、） Our teacher notified us that there would be a test on Monday .,4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（wh-/how/if/whether从句/ 不定式短语） I should teach you what is right. He didnt tell us what really happened. Bob asked the professor when he could leave the laboratory. He didnt tell the students if/whether they could use
15、a dictionary. Could you show me how to use this machine? 注意： 1.用于这一句型的动词主要有advise, ask, inform, instruct, remind, show, teach, tell和warn。其中部分动词可用于被 动结构， 即将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语。如： The boy was told (by the woman) what the work was like.,句型 5 S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补） 1) S + VT + N/Pron + N We named
16、 our baby Tom. 常用于这句型的动词有： appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, 2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj He painted the wall white. 常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish 等。 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase She always
17、 keeps everything in good order.,4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive I wish you to stay. Henry asked his brother Colin to read out(大声朗读) his will. The job requires you to speak good English. I made him work 常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect,
18、 force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。,5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词） I heard my name called. I feel something m
19、oving.常用于这句型的动词有：用于这一句型的动词为使役动词（get, have）、意愿动词（like, need, want)、感知动词（feel, hear, see, watch）和后接表示结果状态的过去分词（discover, find, leave). catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。,6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word +
20、 Infinitive He show me how to do it. 常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。 7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause He told me that the film was great. 常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause He asked me what he should do. 常用动词有： Advise, as
21、k, inform, show, teach, tell.,9）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语（不带to的不定式短语） Louise would not let anyone follow her. One day they saw him put a lot of bread under his shirt. Now and then the nurse heard him say a few gentle words. 注意： 1.用于这一句型的动词多是感知动词（如feel, hear, see和 watch）或是具有强制意义的动词（如have, help, let和 make）。 2.动词help后的不定式标志to可有可无，help sb. to do sth.多 见于英式英语，help sb. do sth. 多见于美式英语。 3.除watch外，其它动词均可用于被动语态，主动结构中的 宾语则变为被动结构中的主语，而不带to的不定式则变为 带to的不定式，但主动结构要更为自然。 如： He was seen to put a lot of bread under his shirt one day.,
