1、第 1 页 共 9 页高中英语阅读表达专题训练一、阅读表达文章的选择：1、根据考试说明中“命题重视新材料、新情境 的创设与运用，测试考生的综合语言运用能力”的要求来进行选材。因此，从内容上来看，选题时应注重选取贴近考生、贴近生活、新颖的、时代感强的材料。 2、所选取的篇章内容逻辑性强，文章结构严谨，层次分明，便于学生在阅读的基础上，进行综合理解，并对于一些信息进行概括和充分表达。 二、命题特点：1、能力考查：阅读表达题是从多个角度和方位考查考生对文章内容的理解以及考生本人对相关问题的看法，问题类型多样。这要求学生具有相当强的阅读能力、理解努力、概括努力和表达能力。 2、文章长度：阅读表达词数在
2、 280 左右，因此我们在训练时文章的选择不能够太短（少于 250 词）或太长（多于 350） 。另外，文章的长度还会与整套试题中阅读的总词数有关。 3、文体的选择：文章的选择以叙述、议论、夹叙夹议等为主，但是要保证故事或内容的完整性。所选短文内容逻辑性强，文章结构严谨，层次分明。 三、评分原则：本节总分为 15 分， 每小题 3 分。 1、考生答案应与参考答案意义相符。 2、语言错误、表达不当应酌情扣分。 3、超出字数限制应酌情扣分。 四、七种类型，即 6+X： 1、主旨概括：概括短文大意短文中某一段落的大意短文标题，指出作者的写作意图 2、句子填空：结合上下文, 将文中空白处用合适的词语补
3、充完整, 使短文通顺 3、翻译句子：将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语 4、同义语句替代：根据所给的英文句子寻找短文中意思相同的句子 5、封闭型问题（Close-ended Questions）：结合文中具体依据进行回答 6、开放型问题（Open-ended Questions）：结合个人观点态度进行表述 7、其它类型：结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的其它类型的问题 五实战练习。阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求） 。 （2008 山东）1The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs, b
4、ut in modern-day society we are seeing some new kinds of addictions. Some people are compulsive (难以自制的) shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games第 2 页 共 9 页2Over the years, shopping has become
5、 a very common activity. Many people enjoy going to malls or stores more and more every day, but its more than a common hobby for some of them. They have turned into shopaholics. They are people who simply enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing it. They are
6、 hooked on shopping and usually buy things that they dont need. Even though they dont have enough money, they buy everything they want.3The question is: why do they have this addiction? There isnt a specific answer. Some people go shopping when they are sad, worried, upset or lonely and they want to
7、 feel better. They use this activity as a way to forget their problems. Shopaholics say that they feel more important and better after they buy something. They also tend to have this addiction when they feel guilty.4Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction, but it can _. Some of them can be psyc
8、hological. If this is the case, people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit. However, the process, like for most addictions, is long, and they suffer a lot. It can also cause financial problems. They just think about satisfying their feelings, so they spend
9、 money they dont have. They get deep in debt, and they can even go bankrupt and get sent to prison.76. List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text. (Please answer within 8 words) _ _ _77. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 3? (Please answer within 8 words)_78. Fill in th
10、e blank in paragraph 4 with proper words. (Please answer within 6words)_79. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?Accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop compulsive shopping._80. Translate the underlined
11、sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese._第 3 页 共 9 页六.题型分析:1.文章标题、主旨概括类型解题关键：看清题干 What is the best title of the passage? 较常见 What is the main idea of the article? 较常见 Whats the main idea of Paragraph 3?(within 8 words)08 山东 For what purpose dose the author mention his American friends in paragraph one
12、? （within 10words） 07 高考山东 What is the purpose of the writer writing the passage? 09 潍坊 3 月统考 What does the writher want to tell us by para4? What can we learn from para4?方法：抓住高频词。 本文中出现的是_抓住文章结构，分清主旨和细节然后作答突破训练一：文章结构In what pattern is the passage arranged? And which is the topic sentence? A.先总后分型 B
13、.先分后总型 C. 总分总型08 高考山东 Para3 The question is: why do they have this addiction? There isnt a specific answer. Some people go shopping when they are sad, worried, upset or lonely and they want to feel better. They use this activity as a way to forget their problems. Shopaholics say that they feel more
14、important and better after they buy something. They also tend to have this addiction when they feel guilty.突破训练二：转折句Find out the topic sentence:08 高考山东 Para1 The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs, but in modern-day society we are seeing some new kinds of addictions. Some peo
15、ple are compulsive (难以自制的) shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games.突破训练三：首段的作用07 山东 79 题文章共 5 段，第一段讲了一个美国朋友处理垃圾邮件的方法。第二段就两句说我们快要被垃圾邮件逼疯了，原因是我们没有找到处理垃圾邮件的正确方法。第三四五段结构明确，用 firstly，secondly, th
16、irdly，介绍了三种处理垃圾邮件的方法。For what purpose dose the author mention his American friends in paragraph one ? 第 4 页 共 9 页（within 10words） A. To introduce the topic. B. To give the main idea of the passage.C. As an example to introduce the topic. D. As an example to show a way of handling e-mails. 突破训练四 型文章大
17、意：一篇文章共五段Para1 Introduce a phenomenon: More and More people are smoking.Para2 Some scientists proved with an experiment that smoking benefits people in a way. Para3 Someone called Jane lived for about 120 years although he smoked heavily.Para 4 There is still an fierce argument about whether smoking
18、 benefits people. Para5 The latest statistic(统计数字) indicates deaths and fires were caused by smoking in recent decades.Whats the title of this passage?A. Advantage and disadvantage of smokingB. An argument about smoking s influence on peopleC. Smoking benefits people.D. Smoking harms people a lot.To
19、 Sum up: （1）. 文章结构法（2）. But, however, so等等转折递进词,侧重点一般在_（3）. 型文章逐段总结，整体概括法（4）. 具体事例出现在段首，一般是_具体事例出现在文中，_（5）. 概括性的语句出现在文首，文末，一般是_；出现在段首、段末，一般是_2、同义句替换 ：（体会下列两句话）Please find out the sentence which can be replaced by the following one?Many single-child parents feel it hard to decide whether to have only
20、 one child. 答案：Many single-child parents feel a dilemma associated with their decision to have only one child. 解题关键：透彻理解所给出的句子，注意语句中的关键词，往往为表示时间、地点等的状语和专有名词，数字等还有代词的意义观摩高考08 年高考 79. 题干：Accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain 第 5 页 共 9 页organization for help so that they can stop comp
21、ulsive shopping.答案：If this is the case, people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit.07 年高考 76.题干：The possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails.答案：If this is the case, its only because we havent developed an appropriate d
22、iscrimination in dealing with it.注意：用来代换的句子，摘录一定要完整！3、完成句子 解题关键：语境和上下文之间的逻辑关系：递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等。Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrase. (Please answer within 6words) 08 Fill the blank in paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.（within 10 words） 07特别注意需要写的是短语还是完整句子，并注意字数要求会比较少，所
23、以语言一定要简练.突破训练一：上下文结构找出下文的结构标志词，并填充句子。07 山东Almost every week now there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, its only because we havent developed an appropriate discrimination（辨别） in dealing with it._ . Firstly. You junk nothi
24、ng with an exclamation mark on a string of capital letters, or from any address you dont recognize or feel confident about.Secondly, e-mail dont all have to be answered. Because e-mail is so easy,Thirdly, a reply e-mail does not have to be the same length as the original.答案：A. E-mails can be handled
25、 in the following ways.B. Here are some tips to deal with e-mail. C. As is shown in the following. 突破训练二：逻辑关系找出下文中表示逻辑关系的词，并填充句子A small family had its advantages. Firstly,SecondlyHowever,_. The only child becomes the little emperor. It would make the one child ask more for him and think less of othe
26、rs. Besides, after the child grows up and gets married, the new couple has to take care of four old parents.突破训练三：准确填写第 6 页 共 9 页改正下列填充部分的错误 08 山东 Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction, but it can resulting in many problems 09 潍坊 3 月统考just few years ago, few people have cell phones and the wh
27、ole society survived! Nowadays people cant seem to live without use cell phone. Learning to save money when youre young is an important lesson. The early you begin saving the more time the money has to grow. the tankers captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to taking a
28、rest4、封闭型问题出题形式 What advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words) 07 山东 According to the passage, what is the writers problem? (within 10 words) List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text. (Please answer within 8 words) 08 山东答题关键：认真审题，在文章中找到明确的依据。5、开放型问题 出
29、题形式： What would you do if you were the chairman of China？What other suggestions would you give to solve the cell phones mentioned ？How would you settle the puppy love(早恋) problem if you were the headmaster?市统考：If cell phones are acceptable in your school, please list two rules about the correct use
30、of cell phones.答案： Dont use cell phones in class. Keep your cell phones silent in the reading room.答题关键： 主观性最强，需要准确把握的主旨，围绕文章的中心观点列出要点，再用加法在字数要求范围内扩点成句，润色上档。但要注意不能不着边际，离题万里6、语句翻译解题关键:（1）分析句子结构，按意群理解Some think this may leave the child less able to interact well with people of his or her own age than
31、one who has been raised with brothers or sisters.第 7 页 共 9 页（2）通过句子所在的情景弄清生词和习语在句子里的具体意义，尤其是代词和专有名词（3）忠实于原文，符合中文表达的习惯7.其它类型：近期出现的特殊题目有：1）潍坊市统考：The following sentence is taken from the beginning of a paragraph. Please find out which paragraph the sentence belongs to.2） What can we infer through the r
32、eaction of the 3） Draw the route of the writers trip according to Para3.这样的题目也是基于文章和相关细节的理解而设计的，把握好了以上的答题方法，做起来也就简单很多。七阅卷中出现的问题1. 未审清题目要求问的究竟是下列哪一个短文大意、短文中某一段落的大意短文标题，指出作者的写作意图。2. 主旨概括不清不全。踩点给分，表达不完全不能得分3. 替换句子，句子摘录不完整 4. 补充句子理解了意思，但是表达失误较多的不全分或不得分。5.超出字数要求6.大小写。题目一般第一个单词首字母大写。填充句子看清题目要求。7. 翻译句子字对字，
33、不能结合文章情景准确表达。表达不符合汉语习惯。切记：替换句子以外的所有的题目先打草！改好后写到答题纸上。八Summary1. 高频词 / 文章结构法/ But, however, 转折递进词/ 型文章逐段总结，整体概括法2. 代换句子抓住关键词，并抄录完整。3. 完成句子利用上下文，转折词，表达准确4. 开放性题目结合文意，表达准确。5. 翻译句子先按意群理解，根据文章大语境理解生词和固定搭配。6. 注意大小写和字数限制！7. 先打草！九巩固练习：阅读表达（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求） 。1On
34、e out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benef
35、it in many ways. 第 8 页 共 9 页2Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner
36、 together proves to be a good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each others company. 3During dinner time parents have b
37、etter opportunity to show that they care for their children. Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their childrens school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information, they can better direct th
38、eir kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. 4However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit do
39、wn to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. _ if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering. 76. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words) _77. Which sentence in th
40、e text is closest in meaning to the following one?By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them._78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)_79. What information can parents probably get about thei
41、r children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words)_80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese._第 9 页 共 9 页76. shopping, drinking, playing computer games, working, watching TV, taking drugs.(答出其中三种即可，不根据原文回答不得分)77. The reason why some people/ shopaholics have shopping addicti
42、onThe possible reasons for shopaholism/ shopping addition78. cause/ bring about/ result in many problems79. If this is the case, people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit1. Families benefit from eating together. /Having dinner together is beneficial to families.3. No family dinners can benefit,/ Family dinner may not benefit.4. Their childrens school performance, daily activities and attitudes towards life.
