1、AIG China 艾志 中国,行业领先的制造商、进口商、代理商全球化优势资源，当地化全面服务逾1300名员工 国内20个注册分支机构国内6个垫片生产加工中心,AIG Gaskets AIG垫片,ISO 9000及ISO 14000体系认证 先进的垫片加工设备为您提供高品质垫片的合作伙伴美国赤士盾公司特别授权金属垫片制造,AIG INDUSTRIAL GROUP 艾志工业技术集团公司,Spiral Wound Gasket Manufacturing Line 缠绕垫片生产线,Graphite Gasket Manufacturing Line石墨垫片生产线,AIG157/158/159,AI
2、G310,AIG39,AIG35,AIG38,AIG184,AIG252,AIG450,AIG39,Parts of our gaskets 部分垫片,Gasket Engineering Standards 采用标准ISO, ASME, ANSI, JIS, GB, BS,JPI, API,，JB, SH, HG,NON-ASBESTOS GASKET ENGINEERING MANUAL无石棉垫片工程手册,压缩板材垫片,四氟垫片,缠绕垫片,橡胶垫片,金属垫片,A Complete Gasket Line完善的垫片系列,GASKETING BASICS垫片基础知识,PART 1 第一部分,L
3、EAKAGE SOURCES泄漏来源,美国国家环保局(THE UNITED STATES EPA)发现大约12%挥发性有害气体排放量(VHAP)都是由工厂法兰与换热器的泄漏造成的.VHAP ： 挥发性有害气体,螺栓力,径向压力,流体端面压力,All gaskets have a minimum force that must be applied to them to create and maintain a seal 所有垫片必须获得一个最小作用力使之实现并保持密封,Hydrostatic End Thrust 流体端面压力试图冲开法兰,螺栓产生的预紧力必须要大于保持垫片密封所需的最小预紧
4、力，才能保持平衡与密封。,垫片密封,径向力试图将垫片向外吹出，足够的螺栓预紧力可以在法兰及垫片之间保持足够摩擦以防止垫片吹出,垫片密封,Gasket Selection 如何选择垫片,完备的垫片选型方案应综合考虑到垫片的：化学耐受性运行温度承受的压力等级易操作性设计及价格等多方面因素,DESIRED GASKET FEATURES理想垫片应满足的性能,符合PxT操作限定范围能够适应介质的化学特性符合温度的要求尽可能高的压缩率尽可能低的蠕变松驰,GASKET FEATURES垫片特征,P x T Factors,Operating Pressure工作压力,X,Operating Tempera
5、ture工作温度,P x T指数是垫片生产商的公认指导,用来确认某种特定形式的垫片是否适合特定的应用.,Continuous Operating Temperature连续运行温度,常温 AIG 橡胶板材垫片100,140 400F AIG 300,350,400,450 芳纶纤维无石棉板材 500F AIG 1570/1580/1590填充四氟板材 550F AIG 39 B,39E,39H 石墨增强板 2000F AIG 缠绕垫片与金属垫片,TEMPERATURE LIMIT温度极限,Limit fiber reinforced non-asbestos gaskets to applic
6、ations below 200 deg. . Except Graphite 870 deg. 除了石墨板材使用温度可以达到870 ,各种纤维增强无石棉板材垫片应用温度均小于200。,各种垫片压缩率ASBESTOS SHEET = 12% aprox. 石棉板材 = 约12% NON-ASBESTOS SHEET = 7-17% aprox.无石棉板材 = 约7-17% TEFLON SHEET = 30-40% aprox.四氟板材 = 30-40% EXPANDED GRAPHITE SHEET = 40-50% aprox.膨化石墨板材 = 约 40-50%,GASKET FEATUR
7、ES垫片特征,COMPRESSIBILITY 压缩率,各种垫片蠕变松驰率TEFLON SHEET = 50- 55%四氟板材 = 50- 55%ASBESTOS SHEET = 15% aprox.无石棉板材=约15%NON-ASBESTOS SHEET = 20-25% aprox.无石棉板材 = 约20-25%EXPANDED GRAPHITE SHEET = 2- 3%膨化石墨板材 = 2- 3%,GASKET FEATURES垫片特征,Creep Relaxation 蠕变松驰率,垫片质量取决于多种因素所用纤维的种类,质量与数量所用纤维的分散度填充剂与弹性体的数量与种类温度与压力情况H
8、igh Temperature Calendar = Better Tensile & Chemical ResistanceHigher Pressure Calendar = Better Tensile & Creep Relaxation 高温工况= 需要更好的强度与化学抗性高压工况 =需要更好的抗拉强度与抗蠕变松驰,GASKET QUALITY垫片质量,垫片的综合性能包括如下几点Density 密度Sealability 密封性( DIN 3535 Part 4 / ASTM F37 )Compressibility 压缩率( ASTM F36A )Recovery 回复率( AST
9、M F36A )Creep Relaxation 蠕变松驰率( DIN 52913 / ASTM F38 )Tensile Strength 抗拉强度Pressure x Temperature Rating p x t值,GASKET PERFORMANCE垫片性能,GASKET PERFORMANCE GAUGE垫片性能衡量,BEST优秀,POOR较差,植物纤维板,GOOD良好,金属石墨缠绕垫,金属增强石墨板,膨化石墨板,石棉板,无石棉板,增强四氟板材,膨化四氟,特氟龙板材,纤维板材,PART 2 第二部分,NON-ASBESTOS SHEET GASKETS 无石棉板材垫片,SPIRAL
10、 WOUND GASKETS 缠绕垫片,Spiral Wound Gaskets缠绕垫片,Spiral Wound Gaskets缠绕垫片,Industries 应用行业Power Generation 电力Petro Chemical 石化Refineries 炼油Chemical 化工Pharmaceutical 制药,Features 特性,Advantages 优点密封性能优于板材垫片对粗糙密封表面适应性强于板材垫片系统压力可促使其保更好的密封承受高压能力优于多数板材垫片,Spiral Wound Disadvantages缠绕垫片缺点,Most of the clamping for
11、ce is on the metal plate, not on the sealing element.大部分力作用在金属表面,而非密封面,NON-ASBESTOS SHEET GASKETS无石棉板材垫片,SHEET GASKETS板材垫片,FIBERS = 75-85% 纤维BINDERS = 10-15%粘接剂FILLERS = 5-10% 填充剂VULCANIZING CHEMICALS = 1-2%硫化剂,垫片主要组成,Traditional ASBESTOS Sheet传统石棉板材,SHEET GASKETS板材垫片,FIBERS = 15-35% 纤维BINDERS = 10-
12、20%粘接剂FILLERS = 50-70% 填充剂VULCANIZING CHEMICALS = 1-2%硫化剂,NON ASBESTOS无石棉板材,垫片主要组成,FIBERS 纤维,Cellulose 植物纤维Fiberglass玻璃纤维Aramid 芳纶纤维Oxidized Pan氧化聚丙烯腈 Carbon 碳纤维Graphite 石墨纤维,NON-ASBESTOS REPLACEMENTS无石棉纤维,ASBESTOS 石棉,FILLERS 填充剂,Kaolin 高岭土Silica 硅Wollastonite 硅灰石Carbon Black 炭Clays 粘土,BINDERS 粘结剂,N
13、eoprene ( CR ) 氯丁橡胶Nitrile ( NBR )丁腈橡胶Natural ( NR ) 天然橡胶Styrene-Buta. ( SBR ) 丁苯橡胶Hypalon氯磺化聚乙稀橡胶 Ethyl. -Prop. ( EPDM )乙丙橡胶,VULCANIZING CHEMICALS硫化剂,Vulcanizing Chemicals are usually solvent based chemicals used to cure the rubber based binders during the manufacturing process 硫化剂通常是溶剂基化学品，在生产过程中使
14、含橡胶成分的粘接剂硬化,准备原料橡胶将切成小块的橡胶放于溶剂中溶解准备垫片雏形物质高橡胶含量低纤维物质准备垫片本体物质雏形上热成形辊本体在其基础上增厚最终垫片板材成形下机，切割成所需成形垫片,MANUFACTURING PROCESS生产工艺,Gasket Selection by Industries不同行业的垫片选型,Chemical Processing化工处理,Chemical Processing Equipments化工处理设备,Glass-Lined Equipment -搪玻璃管道设备Heat Exchangers -换热器Pressure Vessels/Tanks -压力管
15、道储罐Piping Systems -管道系统,Chemical Processing-Glass-Lined Equipment化学加工搪玻璃设备,Reinforced PTFE AIG 157 -增强四氟AIG 157Rubber AIG 100 -橡胶垫片- AIG 100,Chemical Processing- Heat Exchangers化学加工 热交换器,Graphite Gasket AIG 39B,AIG 39E -石墨垫片- AIG 39B, AIG 39ECorrugated Gasket -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Chemical Proce
16、ssing-Pressure Vessels/Tanks化学加工 压力容器/储罐,Graphite Gasket AIG 39B,AIG 39E -石墨垫片- AIG 39B, AIG 39ECorrugated Gasket -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Chemical Processing-Utilities化学加工-其它设施,Plant Air AIG39B,AIG 300,400 -空气系统 - AIG39B,AIG 300,400Utility Water - AIG39B,AIG 300,400 -水系统 - AIG39B,AIG 300,400 Fire
17、Water - AIG39B,AIG 300,400 -消防用水 - AIG39B,AIG 300,400,Chemical Processing- Piping Systems化学加工 管道系统,Reinforced PTFE Sheet 157 -增强四氟垫片157Corrugated Gaskets -波形活压垫Spiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,HYDDROCARBON PROCESSING烃加工,Gasket Selection by Industries不同行业的垫片选型,Hydrocarbon Processing Equipments烃加工设备,Heat Exchanger
18、s -换热器Piping Systems -管道系统Pressure Vessels -压力容器,Hydrocarbon Processing-Heat Exchangers烃加工-换热器,AIG39B -39B金属增强石墨垫片Corrugated Gasket -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Hydrocarbon Processing Utilities烃加工-其它设施,Graphite Gasket AIG 39B,AIG 39E -石墨垫片- AIG39B,AIG 39ECorrugated Gasket -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Hydr
19、ocarbon Processing Piping Systems烃加工-管道系统,AIG39B -AIG39B石墨板材垫片Corrugated Gasket -波形活压垫片Spiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,Hydrocarbon Processing-Pressure Vessels烃加工-压力容器,AIG39B -AIG39B石墨板材垫片Corrugated Gasket -波形活压垫片Spiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,Marine, Steel and Power Plant 海洋工业、钢铁与电力行业,Gasket Selection by Industries不同行业的垫片
20、选型,Marine, Steel and Power Plant海洋工业,钢铁与电力,Flue Gas System -燃料系统Heat Exchangers -换热器Piping Systems -管道系统Boilers -锅炉Turbines -涡轮机Manholes / Handholes -人孔/手孔,Marine, Steel, Power -Flue Gas System海洋工业,钢铁,电力- 燃料系统,General water and oil AIG 300,400 -水油环境- AIG300,400High Temperature : 39B -高温: 39BSpiral W
21、ounds -缠绕垫片,POW 9,Marine, Steel, Power -Heat Exchangers海洋工业, 钢铁,电力- 换热器,AIG39B -AIG39B金属增强石墨垫片Corrugated Gaskets -波形活压垫片Spiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,Marine, Steel, Power -Piping Systems海洋工业、钢铁、电力 管道系统,General water and oil: AIG 300,400 -普通水油环境: AIG 300, 400Steam: AIG 350,450,39B -蒸气环境: AIG350, 450, 39BHigh T
22、emperature : 39B -高温: 39BSpiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,Marine, Steel, Power Boilers海洋工业,钢铁,电力 锅炉,AIG 350,450 -AIG 350, 450板材垫片High Temperature : 39B -高温: 39BSpiral Wounds -缠绕垫,Marine, Steel, Power -Steam Turbines 海洋工业,钢铁,电力 蒸气涡轮机,AIG 350,450 -AIG 350,450板材垫片High Temperature : 39B -高温: 39BSpiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,M
23、arine, Steel, Power -Handholes / Manholes海洋工业、钢铁、电力 手孔/人孔,General water and oil : -AIG 300,400 -普通水油:AIG 300,400Steam: AIG 350,450 -蒸汽: AIG350,450High Temperature : 39B -高温:39BSpiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,Pulp & Paper造纸,Gasket Selection by Industries不同行业的垫片选型,Pulp & Paper Equipments造纸设备,Bleach Tanks漂白池Blow T
24、anks吹 干池Boilers锅炉Chemical Recovery Tanks 化学恢复池Condensers冷凝器,Digesters分解池Filtration 过滤泵Pumps泵Refiners精炼池Valves阀,Pulp and Paper -Bleach Plant造纸-漂白工厂,AIG 157 -AIG157板材垫片Spiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,Pulp and Paper -Blow Tanks造纸-吹干池,AIG 157 -AIG157板材垫片Corrugated Gaskets -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Pulp and Paper Bo
25、ilers造纸-锅炉,AIG300,400 -AIG300,400板材垫片Steam AIG 350,450 -蒸汽：AIG 350,450Corrugated Gaskets -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Pulp and Paper -Chemical Recovery Tanks造纸-化学恢复池,AIG 157 -AIG157板材垫片AIG 184 -AIG184板材垫片Corrugated Gaskets -波形活压垫片Spiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,Pulp and Paper Condensers造纸-冷凝器,AIG300,400 -AIG300,40
26、0板材垫片Steam AIG 350,450 -蒸汽：AIG 350,450Corrugated Gaskets -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Pulp and Paper Digesters造纸-分解池,AIG157 -AIG157板材垫片AIG 184 -AIG184板材垫片Corrugated Gasket -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Pulp and Paper Filtration造纸-过滤泵,AIG300,400 -AIG300,400板材垫片Steam AIG 350,450 -蒸汽：AIG 350,450AIG 183 -AIG 1
27、83 PTFE垫片Corrugated Gaskets -波形活压垫片Spiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,Pulp and Paper Pumps造纸-泵,AIG300,400 -AIG300,400板材垫片AIG 183 -AIG 183 PTFE垫片Corrugated Gaskets -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Pulp and Paper Refiners造纸-精炼池,AIG 300,400 -AIG300,400板材垫片Corrugated Gasket -波形活压垫片Spiral Wounds -缠绕垫片,Pulp and Paper Valves造纸-
28、阀,AIG300,400 -AIG300,400板材垫片Steam AIG 350,450 -蒸汽：AIG 350,450Corrugated Gaskets -波形活压垫片Spiral Wound -缠绕垫片,Live-Loading Disc Spring活压碟簧,Part 3 Additional for Temperature Cycling第三部分其它应用,TEMPERATURE CYCLING温度周期变化,It is documented that 70% of flange leakage occurs directly after a temperature cycle.有证据
29、表明70%的法兰泄漏都发生在温度周期变化之后.,REASONS FOR FLANGE LEAKAGE法兰泄漏的原因,Temperature -温度Medium -介质Temperature Cycling -温度周期变化Vibration and Pressure Surges -振动及压力突变,TEMPERATURE CYCLING温度周期变化,SOLUTION: AIG Live Loading Disc Spring Maintain bolt loads & gasket seating stress above the minimum required to maintain a s
30、eal.解决: AIG 碟簧可以保持螺栓预紧力与垫片密封力大于密封所需要的最小作用力。,PROBLEM: The differences in the expansion and contraction speeds of different materials and metallurgys.This results in loss/reduction of bolt loads.问题:两种不同物质/金属之间的热胀冷缩速率不同,这直接导致螺栓预紧力的减少/消失。,VIBRATION & PRESSURE SURGES振动与压力突变,PROBLEM: The harmonic vibratio
31、n causes permanent crush and deformation of the gasket.问题:不规则的振动可以导致垫片被永久压溃及变形,SOLUTION: AIG Live Loading Disc Spring absorb vibration and maintain bolt load & gasket seating stress. 解决: AIG 碟簧可以吸收振动并且保持螺栓预紧力与垫片密封所需压力,FLANGE LIVE LOADING USES SPECIALLY DESIGNED DISK SPRINGS UNDER THE HEADS OF THE BO
32、LTS法兰活压系统使用特殊设计的碟簧,FLANGE LIVE LOADING will MAINTAIN a load on the gasket, above the minimum needed to seal, regardless of the temperature.无论温度变化如何剧烈法兰的活压系统将会在垫片上保持使之实现密封的最小力,Live Loading,61506932081330117-7PHInconel,Spring Material碟簧材质,Flange Live Loading 法兰活压系统,METRIC 公制 8mm thru 100mm,INCH 英制 3/8” thru 4”,Sizes Available常用尺寸,Flange Live Loading 法兰活压系统,
