1、五大基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：主系表基本句型二：主谓基本句型三： 主谓宾基本句型四： 主谓间宾直宾基本句型五： 主谓宾宾补,基本句型一：主系表 该句型中，句子谓语动词（即系动 词）不能表达一个完整的意思，必 须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的 表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整 的意思。,1. 系动词 be 2. 表示感官的系动词，如look, sound, smell, taste, feel，seem, appear等 3. 表示变化的系动词，如become, get, turn, grow, fall, go, come，run等 4. 表示持续的系动词，如stay, ke
2、ep, remain stand， rest， lie，hold等 5. 可带名词作表语的系动词，如be, become , sound, remain, turn out, prove （证明是，结果是）,He is a boy .他是一个男孩. (名词) The book is hers.这本书是她的. (名词性物主代词) He is tall 他个子高。(形容词) John is in good health.约翰身体健康。(介词短语) We are excited at the news. 我们对这个消息很兴奋。(过去分词) The book is boring.这本书很无聊。(现在分
3、词) Her dream is to become a teacher. (不定式) My hobby is collecting coins. 我的爱好是收集硬币。(动名词) The reason why I was late was that my mother was ill. 我迟到的原因是我母亲生病了. (表语从句),1. 我们应该感恩父母无私的爱。 We should be _ to our parents for their selfless love. 2. 他说的话原来都是谎话。 What he said proved (to be)/turned out lies. 3.
4、我的梦想是考上一所好大学。 My dream is _ _. 4. 上大学是我一直所梦想的。 Going to college is _ _,grateful,to be admitted into a goodcollege,what I have been dreaming of.,基本句型二：主谓 此句型中，句子的谓语动词是不及物动词，能表达完整的意思。但是后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句、不定式等作状语。,1. He runs fast.他跑得快。(副词) 2. They stopped to take a rest. 他们停下来休息。(不定式) 3. He is standing
5、by the window. 他站在窗户旁边。(介词短语) 4. He cried when he heard the bad news 当他听到这个消息时，他哭了。(状语从句),1. 我们必须努力学习。 We must study hard. 2. 他们等了几个小时就是为了看他们最喜爱的明星。 They _ several hours _ _. 3. 2011年3月8 日本发生了一场大地震。 An big earthquake _ _ March 8th , 2011. 4. 在过去的几十年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 Over the past decades, _ _ in my ho
6、metown.,waited (for),to see their,favourite stars,happened in Japan,on,great changes have,taken place,基本句型三： 主谓宾 此句型中：谓语动词是及物动词， 但不能表达完整的意思，必须连接一个宾语，才能表达完整的意思。 作宾语的可以是名词，代词，不定式等。,Mary loves music. (名词) He loves her. (代词) I want to get your help. (不定式) I dont know what to do. (疑问词+不定式) The old man en
7、joys living in the countryside.(动名词) I dont think that he is right.(宾语从句),1. 连接不定式作宾语动词有：attempt to do，dare to do，decide to do，desire to do，expect to do，hope to do，learn to do，need to do， offer to do，refuse to do， want to do，wish to do, pretend to do, demand to do promise to do, intend to do等。,I don
8、t know what to do. (疑问词+不定式),2. 连接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的动词有：ask，consider，decide， discover，explain，find out，forget， guess，know，learn，observe， remember，see，settle，tell，think， understand，wonder等。,3. 连接动名词作宾语动词有： admit doing，advise doing， avoid doing，consider doing， defend doing，enjoy doing， excuse doing，finish
9、doing, mind doing, miss doing， practice doing，risk doing， suggest doing，give up doing ， cant help doing等。,4. 连接不定式与动名词意义差别很大的动词有： forget (to do/doing)， remember(to do/doing)， regret (to do/doing) ， try (to do/doing) ， mean (to do/doing)， stop (to do/doing)，go on (to do/doing)等。,1. 我承诺要集中精力在学习上。 I pr
10、omise _ my energy _ _. 2. 我们已经决定什么时候出发。 We have decided _. 3. 他不介意受到老师的批评。 He doesnt mind _. 4. 我们认为细节是成败的关键。 We think that _.,to concentrate,on,my study,when to set off,being critisized by the teacher,detail is the key to success,基本句型 四：主谓间宾直宾 该句型的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语在
11、前，一个直接宾语在后。 He gave me a coin. He offered me a job. He taught me English.,a）不定式带to的词：advice，allow，ask，beg，cause，choose，command，decide，encourage，expect，force，get，hate，invite，know，leave，like，love，order，permit，persuade，prefer，remain，request，teach，tell，want，warn，wish等。 b）不定式不带to的词：feel，have，hear，know，le
12、t，listen to，look at，make，notice，see，watch等。,基本句型 五 主谓宾宾补此句型中,动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个宾补来补充说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语和宾补存在逻辑上的“主谓关系”。,1. We elected Li Yang our monitor.(名词) 2. The news made us sad.(形容词) 3. We elected him as our monitor.（介词短语） 4. I found myself in the dark.我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。 （介词短语） 5. He enc
13、ourage her to work harder. (不定式） 6. He always has others wait for him. 他总是要别人等他。（不定式） 7. Dont leave the water running.（现在分词） 不要让水一直流着。 8. I heard my name called. (过去分词),典型例题分析,1.They work hard.主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead.主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water.主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives me some seeds.主 + 谓 +间宾+直宾 5.
14、We should keep the plants in the shade.主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees.主 + 谓,除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（s+v+o+o.c）为例：We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大
15、礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教
16、师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。,不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：Hes getting angry. (S V P)He got through the window. (S V O)Youll get a surprise. (S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O M）I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易
17、。 （S V O C）I have to do something. 我得做点事。I have something to do. 我有点事做。,练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型 Your sister dances beautifully. 主+谓 This food looks inviting. 主+系+表 3.They kept their marriage a secret. 主+谓+宾+宾补 4.Good keeps you healthy. 主+谓+宾+宾补,5.The palaces were large and beautiful. 主+系+表 6.Horse-riding,ha
18、mmer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events. 主+系+表,8.I will pick up rubbish from the ground. 主+谓+宾 9.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse. 主+谓+宾 10.I will tell my friends to protect the environment. 主+谓+宾+宾补,A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict betwe
19、en Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006.,S + V,A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships. wrap up圆满完成 star
20、-studded众星云集 S + V + O,According to the current information held by the Chinese authorities, a verdict arrived at by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the bird flu research and test centre of Thailand was arbitrary and based on the fact that the virus found in Thailand a
21、nd Laos was similar to recent finds in southern China, the ministrys statement said. verdict 结论，定论 arbitrary 任意的，武断的s+link-v+p,First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a Fren
22、ch woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇）,这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。,简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。theorem定理 baffle使困惑、受挫，,S+v+o,
