1、iAbstractSince the 1970s, strategic options of domestication and foreignization in the translation have gone through widespread debates and discussions in the world translation field. In the recent years practice, the adjustments of foreignizing and domesticating the text in translation predicate th
2、e occurrence of hybridization, which has caught peoples great attention. Both domestication and foreignization have their advantages. The translator should appropriately apply the respective merits of the two translation strategies in translation practice so as to promote the target reader to unders
3、tand the related foreign culture.This thesis makes a contrastive study on the sentences involving cultural elements in three great works which translated in hybridization strategy and further discusses the close relation between domestication and foreignization, to ensure the possibility of the over
4、whelming tendency of hybridization in the near future. This study, of some degree, benefits to better comprehension of domestication and foreignization in an all-round way, and brings about a better understanding of the use of hybridization in literary translation. Also, this study will exert certai
5、n theoretical and practical significance to the translation between English and Chinese and the cross-cultural communication between English and Chinese people. Key words: translation strategies; hybridization; domestication; foreignization.ii摘 要从 20 世纪 70 年代，翻译中如何选择翻译策略渐成为翻译界广泛争论和探讨的问题。在翻译的反复实践中，归化
6、和异化相互融合，没有界限，杂合化现象渐渐普遍出现，引起了各大翻译学者的关注。归化和异化各有千秋，在翻译实践中应该合理协调合作，发挥各自优点，促进目标读者对异国文化的理解。本论文通过分析研究浮生六记 ， 飘以及名利场等文学译本中具有突出杂合化翻译特色的句子，肯定了归异结合的翻译方式，及归化、异化、杂合化三者相辅相成的原则。同时从范例和分析中也发现了杂合化趋势的必然性。本研究有助于全面认识归化和异化，有助于英汉民族语言文化交流，对英汉语翻译和英汉跨文化交际具有一定的理论意义和实践意义。关键词:翻译策略；杂合化；归化；异化iiiContentsAbstract in EnglishiAbstract
7、 in Chinese ii1. Introduction .- 1 -2.Analysis of Vanity Fair.- 4 -2.1Brief Introduction of the Work- 4 -2.2Application of Domestication and Foreignization in Vanity Fair .- 5 -2.2.1Analysis from Material Culture.- 5 -2.2.2 Analysis from Cultural Implication- 6 -2.2.3 Analysis from Religious Culture
8、 - 7 -2.2.4 Analysis from Social Culture .- 8 -2.2.5 Analysis from Ecological Culture - 9 -3.Analysis of Gone with the Wind - 11 -3.1Brief Introduction of the Work- 11 -3.2 Application of Domestication and Foreignization in Gone with the Wind- 12 -3.2.1Analysis from Purpose of Translation .- 12 -3.2
9、.2Analysis from Text Type.- 13 -3.2.3Analysis from Reception of Reader.- 15 -3.2.4Analysis from Translation Intention- 16 -4. Analysis of Six Chapters of Floating Life .- 18 -4.1Brief Introduction of the Work- 18 -4.2Some Examples of the Use of Hybridization - 19 -5. Conclusion.- 20 -Acknowledgement
10、s .- 21 -Works Cited.- 21 -西安翻译学院本科论文- 1 -1. IntroductionSeeing from the previous researches of translation, Nida had ever said:As yet there is no theory of translation in the technical sense of a coherent set of general propositions used as principles to explain a class of phenomena, but there are
11、quite a few theories in the broad sense of a set of principles which are helpful in understanding the nature of translating or in establishing criteria for evaluating a translated text. In general, however, these principles are stated in terms of how to produce an acceptable translation. (The Theory
12、 and Practice of Translation, 114)In recent years, the core of the attempts in translation strategies has been brought into focus on two prominent strategic options that whether domestication or foreignization is much more suitable in the translation of culture, especially in literary translation. S
13、eeing through the practice in decades of years, we may safely find that the sole application of either of them, sometimes can not transfer the exact meaning of the origin text. Whereas, the combined part of the two ways used in translation miraculously interpret the resource language much better. An
14、d in the translation field, we call this kind of strategy hybridization - a brand new method discovered by Bhabha in the late 1980s, twentieth century.Domestication, to be specific, takes the source language as the guidance, and, to a certain extent, retains the foreign and strange elements of the o
15、riginal text; foreignization, on the other hand, takes the goal language as the guidance, and makes every effort to provide the target reader with an easy interpretation of the original text. In the West, domestication has always occupied a dominant position, which can be traced back to the 17th cen
16、tury. Nida is an initiator of domestication, who takes the communicative function of translation seriously, and proposes “functional 西安翻译学院本科论文- 2 -equivalence”. American Italian scholar Venuti believes that the translation purpose is not to eliminate the linguistic and cultural differences between
17、countries, but to manifest and retain them. In China, professor Sun zhili showed his prospective in his work Chinas Literary Translation: from Domestication to Foreignization “In the21st century, China literary translation changes from domestication to foreignization and foreignization will be in th
18、e dominant position.”(Sun 43) In the West and the East, when translation develops up to a certain scale, disputes on domestication and foreignization appear. Contradiction and non-reconcilability between the two strategies is stressed, but mutual transformation and compatibility of domestication and
19、 foreignization is paid slight attention to. Hybridization, the common place of the two strategies, first appeared as a translation method in Venutis famous work The Scandals of Translation. It skillfully avoids application extremes and joints the advantages together to reach a better translated res
20、ult.Putting hybridization in translating area is a brand new branch of research in translation area. No one can deny that it is a new angle which is more advanced than the old viewpoints of the traditional translation theories. It is a kind of cultural phenomenon relevant to the conversion both on l
21、anguage and in-depth social culture. In translation practice, domestication and foreignization are in fact not mutually exclusive but mutually supplementary. In accordance with the situation, hybridization can be sure to help us go through much deeper in the exact meaning of the original text. Meanw
22、hile, it will cast light upon some mistakes on cognition in the process of translating. This study is, to some degree, beneficial to the complete comprehension of domestication and foreignization, and gives out a better understanding of the translation of cultural elements in the literary works I ci
23、ted in the body part. Also, this study will exert certain theoretical and practical significance to the cross-cultural communication between English and Chinese people as well as the approach of how to combine domestication, foreignization and hybridization together. This thesis will truly make some
24、 contribution to the further development of translation.In the paper, it is divided into several parts. Apart from the introduction at the very beginning, I have taken the translations of three famous works as examples. In 西安翻译学院本科论文- 3 -chapter one, a contrastive study on the translation of cultura
25、l elements in Thackeray s novel Vanity Fair translated by Yang Bi is discussed according to the factors, such as the translation goal, text type, target readers or other factors, which may restrict or affect the translators choice of translation strategies. And I analyze the differences in three ver
26、sions of the translation works of Gone with the Wind from four perspectives in chapter 2. Then, the translation strategies used by Lin Yutangs Six Chapters of a Floating Life is quoted to prove the possibility of the coexistence of the two translation strategies. At the end of this thesis, I also ma
27、ke a brief summary of the whole paper.西安翻译学院本科论文- 4 -2.Analysis of Vanity FairIn translation practice, we can discover that domestication and foreignization are in fact not mutually exclusive but mutually supplementary translation strategies. A translator shall not overall copy the source language o
28、r culture in a translated text, but shall make reasonable adjustments so as to meet the need of the target reader. Whatever translation strategy a translator adopts, the translated text which serves the translation purpose and satisfies the target reader is a successful one.One of the reasons why Ya
29、ng Bis translated edition Vanity Fair enjoys the popularity is that she skillfully utilizes domestication and foreignization and correctly grasps the fusion level of the two translating strategies though it can be clearly seen that her translated book is concentrated on domestication. 2.1Brief Intro
30、duction of the WorkVanity Fair: A Novel Without a Hero, satirizing Britain society in the early nineteenth century, is the masterpiece of William Makepeace Thackeray, a British critic realism novelist, first published in 18471848. The title of this book comes from John Bunyans allegorical story The
31、Pilgrims Progress, which was firstly published in 1678 and still widely read at Thackerays time. Vanity Fair refers to a stop along the pilgrims progress: a never-ending fair held in a town called Vanity, which is meant to represent mans sinful attachment to worldly things. In the eyes of people, Va
32、nity Fair is regarded as a literary treasure, and also it has inspired several film adaptations. There is no hero in this novel for the story is not surrounded one hero and the figures in the book have no heroic characteristics but plain persons. And the subtitle A Novel Without a Hero is the origin
33、al title of the book. (Yang bi, Vanity Fair)西安翻译学院本科论文- 5 -2.2Application of Domestication and Foreignization in Vanity FairYangs translated version of Vanity Fair is an excellent work. In the process of dealing with the translation, indeed, she paid some attention to foreignization to retain the st
34、rangeness and exotic features in the source text. However, her use of domestication is more prominent, especially on such aspects, first, using some local words, “godfather“ to “干爹“, “godson“ to “干儿子“; second, she destructed the sentences in the original one and eliminated some ideas for brevity and
35、 fluency of the translated version which may contribute to the lack of meaning to some extent. (姜艳萍. 从文化角度论杨必 名利场译本中归化和异化的融合). But this translated work attains great acceptability among the translators and readers in that it is properly adjusted between the two translating methods, and through the w
36、ork, we can get knowledge of how hybridization is used for translating.Nida holds an idea that there are five kinds of culture: material culture, social culture, religious culture, language culture and ecological culture. Because of the different geographical, historical, political, economical and r
37、eligious environments, some unique cultural elements are definitely created in countries. (Nida, Language, Culture and Translating) The contrastive study of domestication and foreignization in Vanity Fair will focus on cultural elements in the original and translated books in the five aspects. 2.2.1
38、Analysis from Material CultureWithout any doubts, material culture is related with food, clothes, instruments, housing and some other daily needs, etc. Differences of the material crated and used 西安翻译学院本科论文- 6 -among countries are inevitable because of different society situation, culture, climate,
39、religion. For these reasons, unique words representing the objects are coined. Example 1 “Roman-nosed head (on the top of which figured a large and solemn turban)”“她的鼻子是罗马式的，头上还包着一大块缠头布，看上去着实令人敬畏”“Roman-nosed” is an adjective word referring to a kind of nose that is salient straight near the top par
40、t, which is typical in Romans. So it is translated into “罗马式的”. “chuantoubu”(缠头布) is kind of scarf only popularly used by the Chinese traditional housewife to around her head.Example 2 “No more has a certain person for holy water, his lordship replied with a bow and a grin and a great jarring laugh
41、afterwards.”“勋爵嬉皮扯脸的对她一鞠躬，回答道：“犹之乎魔鬼不喜欢圣水。 ”“Holy water” means the water blessed by a priest in the west religiously. Obviously, foreignization is utilized here to show the dispute between Rebecca and her sister-in-law. 2.2.2 Analysis from Cultural ImplicationA language itself contains rich cultural
42、 implications, such as idioms, old sayings, etc. By using words or sentences like this, the inner meaning can be expressed completely and vividly. Here are some examples:Example 3 “George came home to his mother with a black eye, and braggedprodigiously to his parent and his delighted old grandfathe
43、r about his valor in the fight”“眼睛都打青了。他对母亲和外公信口开河，把自己的勇气大吹一通，外公听了十分得意。 ”“信口开河” means say something depending no truth.西安翻译学院本科论文- 7 -Example 4 “On the contrary, the fury of the old spinster was beyond bounds, when she found what Rebeccas situation was, and how audaciously she had made use of Miss C
44、rawleys name, to get an entree into Parisian society.”“老小姐听说利蓓加已经怀孕，又知道她利用自己的名字混进巴黎上流社会大胆招摇撞骗，勃然大怒。 ”“招摇撞骗” shows the behavior of trick, and ”勃然大怒” express someone is very angry.Example 5 “when Madame, the Duchess of Angouleme, the august daughter and companion of kings”“有一回，昂古莱姆公爵夫人（她是帝王的后裔，往来相与的也都
45、是金枝玉叶） ”“金枝玉叶” is the call of princess in ancient China.In the examples 3-5 exist Chinese special idioms, namely “talk through ones hat”(信口开河), “swindle through false pretences” (招摇撞骗), “get into a temper”(勃然大怒 ), “descendents of royal families or families with a high social status”（金枝玉叶）, all of th
46、ese are the representations of domestication.2.2.3 Analysis from Religious CultureReligion throws great importance on culture changes and developments. As we know Christianity is in the dominant position in the west, while in China, Buddhism is the most welcomed. Religion enlarges the different poin
47、t of the west and the east. Example 6 “He took Rebecca to task once or twice about the propriety of playing at backgammon with Sir Pitt, saying that it was a godless amusement”“有一两回，他看见利蓓加陪着毕脱爵士玩双陆，就去责备她，说是不敬上帝的人才喜欢玩着玩意儿”Example 7 “Heaven help us!”“求老天爷发慈悲！”西安翻译学院本科论文- 8 -Example 8 “who IS a good Ch
48、ristian, a good parent, child, wife, or husband”“真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，尽职的丈夫，贤良的妻子”Example 9 “If you had told Sycorax that her son Caliban was as handsome asApollo, she would have been pleased, witch as she was.”“沙哀科兰克斯虽然是个女巫，如果听见人家说儿子开立本跟太阳神阿波罗一般漂亮，准觉得得意。 ”Example 10 “In Which Captain Dobbin Acts as
49、 the Messenger of Hymen”“杜宾上尉做月老”In example 6-7, “上帝”, “老天爷” are separately translated in foreignization and domestication. In example 8-9, “教徒”,”女巫” both come from the west. ”太阳神阿波罗” is a well-known god in Greece myth. “月老”, on the other hand, is the representation of east Cupid.Example 11 “Revenge may be wicked, but its natural,” answered Miss Rebecca. “Im no angel.” And, to say the truth, she certainly was not.”“利蓓加小姐回答道：“爱报复的心思也许毒，可是也是自然。我可不是天使。 ”说句老实话，她的确不是天使。 ”In this example, we should know that “angel” is a spirit who is believe
