1、Cup is a concave vessel，It is mostly made of ceramic though it is also available in metallic and even in glass.usually made of opaque material (as opposed to a glass) and with a handle. Cups and mugs have handles, Though there may be cups of many different shapes and sizes in the markets, the image
2、that strikes one when he hears the word cup is that of a short, cylindrical vessel with a handle on one side.A mug is made of porcelain while a glass is made of glass.Cups often come along with saucer ,a mug is a type of cup that is sturdier and comes without a saucer while cup and saucer are visual
3、ized as a pair.A mug is usually bigger in size than a cup and mostly has a cylindrical shape. cup 总称杯子包括一般的 coffee cup,paper cup(装星巴克的那种纸杯子)plastic cup(KFC 装冰块可乐的塑料杯 )还有 mug. 常说 a cup of tea,a cup of coffee,常说 a glass of water (西班牙语中 vaso 是 glass，taza 是 cup，copa 是 wine glass，Botella 是bottle，Bowl is
4、Tazn) A ball shape ,we call it sphere(球体)A round shape, we call it circle,可以说 a circular table 或者 a round table 但是多用 round 来形容圆形，即多用 round 做形容词。A cylindrical shape, we call it cylinderA triangular shape,we call it triangleA sphere is a solid figure 球体是立体图形，plane figure 平面图形口语化可用 a flat shapeA cubic
5、shape, we call it cubesquare 可以做形容词和名词Rectangle/rectangularCone/conical 圆锥体 pyramid/pyramidal 椎体Pentagon/hexagon/octagonGlass/Glassware 玻璃杯Wine glass 葡萄酒杯或者 Standard Wine Glass,there are hundreds of variations within this group,but your standard wine glass has a stem. Holding the glass by the stem t
6、ransfers less heat to the wine, so your hand isnt warming it up. Aroma is one of the most important elements with wine, which is why your wine glass should have a large opening.If you cant fit your nose in it while youre drinking, you need yourself some new glasses.Basic rule of thumb: broader openi
7、ngs for reds, narrower for whites. That will get you through most situations.Tulip or White Wine GlassUsually white and rose wine are served in slender, tulip-shaped glassware,and thats not just because of tradition. Smaller glasses help slow down any rise in temperature from the chilled beverages,
8、while the stem of the glass allows you to hold your drink without your hands heating it up)Red Wine GlassRed wines should be served in larger, bowl-shaped glasses to increase surface area and allow for more aroma release. If you only own larger glasses, dont freak out: White wine in a red glass will
9、 only mildly affect the taste, however, the smaller the glass, the colder it will stay. Fischman does warn against Champagne in a red wine glass: The wider the surface area, the quicker it will lose carbonation, resulting in a flat drink.Tumbler 平底玻璃杯This is often considered an all-purpose glass(注意
10、consider 的用法后面千万不要加 as). At Frannys they use it for their table wine. That wine comes in temperature controlled, and because its served at a table, it will spend more time sitting there than it will in your hand, so the stem isnt necessary for heat control.Technically, a tumbler is any flat-bottomed
11、 glass; we get into more specific variations below. The specific glass shown here, though, is wide enough for your nose to take in the aromatics of your drink (probably wine), its just not curved enough to trap in the vapors like a standard wine glass.统称为 flute 或叫做 champagne flute 香槟杯Mainly for cham
12、pagne and other sparkling(起泡的 ) wines, the goal is to make the bubble last for as long as possible. Theres often a bead etched at the bottom in an attempt to give the bubbles a single point of nucleation. Aroma isnt as important as a red wine,so the opening is smaller in an attempt to minimize the e
13、xposure to air.The narrow, tulip-shaped flute is a familiar drinking vessel at weddings and toast-worthy occasions. “The carbonation is the major reason behind the shape,”Horvath says. The glass helps retain Champagnes trademark carbonation, and the bowl is also designed to visually highlight the ri
14、sing bubbles.Brandy glass(白兰地杯又叫 Snifter) A snifter is a short-stemmed glass with a wide bottom and relatively narrow top. The wider base allows room for swirling to release aromas, which then get trapped at the narrow top. A rounded bottom makes it easy to cup in your hand, simultaneously warming t
15、he liquor. Martini glass(马提尼酒杯又叫 Cocktail glass)Though the first sip can be a struggle not to spill, there is a point to the martini glasss cone shape: It prevents your ingredients from separating, says Betsy Fischman, co-founder of BoozeM. The long stem also ensures your hands wont affect the tempe
16、rature of the drink. As a bonus, “the martini glass is sexy no matter whos holding it!” Fischman says.Martini Glass Again, weve got stemware here to control the temperature of your alcohol. Why? Because drinks served in this glass will not have ice in them. They will be shaken or stirred with ice fi
17、rst, and then strained into it. Its chilled and up in that tall glass (dont confuse it with “neat“).The cone shape serves to help maintain temperature, keep the ingredients pushed together (olives, spirits of different specific gravities, etc)and it provides a nice large surface area for the aroma,
18、since youre typically drinking gin (or a Manhattan) and aroma is 90 percent of flavor.HighballThe highball glass is ideal for carbonated cocktails, Fischman says.”Its best to keep less surface liquid exposed to air,”she explains.”The more exposed, the quicker the carbonation will evaporate, leaving
19、you with a flat drink.” Order a gin and tonic, scotch and soda, or an anything-and-soda combo, and youll often find yourself holding a highball.Lowball“Drinking a cocktail should be a pleasurable experience, and presentation and pleasure go hand-in-hand,”Fischman says. Lowball glasses are ideal for
20、spirits or boozier cocktails (think scotch or brandy served on the rocks) because they average two to four ounces. Nice since drinking a two-ounce cocktail in a 10-ounce highball may feel a little awkward.The Old Fashioned glass, lowball glass, or rocks glass is a short tumbler used for serving an a
21、lcoholic beverage, such aswhisky, with ice cubes (“on the rocks“). It is also normally used to serve certain cocktails, such as the Old Fashioned, from which it receives its name.On the rocks 的意思是加冰块的of an alcoholic drink served with ice cubes. 例子 Id like mine on the rocks, please. Give me a scotch
22、on the rocks, please.Shot glass 烈酒杯Typical uses: shooters,designed to be hit back and swallowed in a single gulp. Stemless GlassThese are becoming a staple in modern kitchens, with their clean design and easy-to-clean shape (no worries about shattering a delicate stem here!). Stemless glasses are be
23、st for reds served at room temp since your hands holding the glass can unintentionally heat up cooler whites and roses.装啤酒的杯子American PintSometimes called a shaker, the American pint typically holds 16 ounces of suds. It has a simple, cylindrical shape that gradually widens at the top and is general
24、ly meant for lagers or brown ales, Ciancio explains. Although the large, wide glass is cheap to manufacture and easy to drink out of (making it a staple in most bars), its actually not the best way to bring out the aromas and flavors in many craft beers, he adds. (Try one of the options below instea
25、d.)Imperial PintAmerican and imperial pints share the same basic characteristics (theyre meant to hold beer, theyre cheap, and theyre easy to drink from), yet the British version of the pint glass is a 20-ouncer with a slight ridge toward the top that makes it easier for a bar-back to stack.Ciancio
26、recommends this glassware for English ales.PilsnerWhile the name makes it an obvious fit for the classic pilsner, Ciancio adds that other German-style beers like bock or klsch are also nice to sip from this glass. The tall, tapered shape captures the carbonation and color of a pilsner while allowing
27、 a foamy head to form.Mugs and SteinsWhile Ciancio cautions against enormous tubs, reasonably sized mugs and steins are ideal for red ales, lagers, porters, stouts, or anything robust with deep flavors. The wide, cylindrical mug has thick glass walls to help insulate your beer, and a large handle ma
28、kes it easy to carry without inadvertently warming up your drink.Wheat Beer GlassSimilar to pilsner glasses, wheat beer or weizen glasses are a little thinner, allowing for more headhead 指的是啤酒泡沫 (or frothy foam) on the beer, Ciancio explains. The tall and slender glassware also help amplify aromas a
29、nd are perfect for their namesake beers.Bonus Points for Beer Snobs(行家)If your glass has a nice lace (leftover foam rings) as you drink, that means the person serving you cares about your experience and the glass has been properly cleaned.Steer clear of frosty mugs. A very cold glass can detract fro
30、m the taste of your brew. Some beers, like cask ales, are better served at room temperature.Foam is your friend. While foam may have been a sign of concern in your keg-beer days, dont fret.Obviously you dont want a glass full of bubbles, but a nice head on a beer not only brings out the aromas, but it also protects the beer from getting too warm too quickly, and keeps the beer moving in your glass.
