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八年级英语下册Lesson1教材内容详解冀教版.doc

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1、教材内容全解Lesson 1 Whats the Weather Like?天气怎么样?课文英汉对照THINK ABOUT IT! 想一想! Look outside. Whats the weather like today?看外面。今天的天气怎么样? How does this weather make you feel?这样的天气使你感觉怎么样? Is Danny a good weather reporter? Why or why not?丹尼是一个好的天气报告员吗?为什么是或为什么不是?A Weather Report 天气预报 DANNY: Listen to me! Im on

2、 the radio!丹尼:注意听!我正在播报!JENNY:(She laughs)Danny! When it snows, it isnt hot. Its cold! 詹妮:(她笑了)丹尼!下雪的时候,天不热,很冷!DANNY: Okay, its not hot. Its not snowing, and there are some clouds. 丹尼:对,天不热。天没有下雪。有一些云。JENNY: Whats the temperature?詹妮:气温是多少?DANNY: Lets see. Its ten degrees.丹尼:让我们看一下,是 10 度。BRIAN: Its

3、rather cool today, isnt it? Is it going to rain today, Danny?布莱恩:今天天气很凉爽,是吧?丹尼,今天要下雨吗?DANNY: Yes! There will be some showers this afternoon. Maybe there will be a thunder storm. I hope not! Im scared of thunder!丹尼:对!今天下午将有阵雨,也许有雷阵雨。我希望不是这样的!我害怕打雷!JENNY: Now, talk about the sunrise and sunset.詹妮::现在,

4、谈论一下日出和日落。DANNY: This morning, the sun rose. This evening, the sun will set.丹尼::今天早上。太阳升起来了。 今天晚上,太阳将落下!图片译文Hello, everyone. I am Danny Dinosaur. Whats the weather like today? I will tell you! Here大家好! 我是恐龙丹尼。 今天的天气怎么样? 我来告诉你!这todays weather report. It will be snowy and hot today是今天的天气预报,今天将要下雪,而且很热

5、。No, no! Tell us what time it will rise and set!不,不!告诉我们(太阳)几点升起,几点落下!Oh !噢!Learning Tips 学习小贴士Set means the same as go down.Set 和 go down 的意义相同,意思是“下降”。Rise means the same as come up.Rise 和 come up 的意义相同,意思是“上升”。PROJECT 方案“AND NOW, THE WEATHER ” 现在是天气情况Have you ever wanted to be on the radio? Now y

6、ou can!你曾经想成为电台播音员吗?现在就可以了!Write a radio weather report. Read it to the class.写一份广播天气预报,读给同学们听。A good weather report answers these questions.一则好的天气预报应回答这些问题:What is todays date?今天的日期是什么?What day of the week is it?今天是星期几?What time did the sun rise today? What time will it set?今天太阳是几点升起的?太阳几点落山?Whats

7、the weather like today?今天的天气怎样?Whats the temperature today? Is it warm or hot? Cold or cool?今天的温度是多少?是温和还是热?是寒冷还是凉爽?重点难点详解1.Whats the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?询问“天气如何” 除了可以说 Whats the weather like today?之外,还可以说 Hows the weather today? 回答时常用 Its +表示天气情况的形容词(fine, rainy, sunny, snowy, windy, cloudy

8、 等),译为“天气晴、有雨、晴朗、有雪、有风、多云等) 问将来的天气,可将 today 换成将来的时间状语。 Whats the weather like tomorrow?明天天气怎么样?It will be snowy tomorrow. 明天有雪。 问过去的天气,可将 today 换成过去的时间状语,动词 be 也要作相应的变化。 What was the weather like yesterday? 昨天天气怎么样?It was windy. 昨天有风。2. How does this weather make you feel? 这样的天气使你感觉怎样?. make 做使役动词时,

9、以为“ 使,让”解,其后接不带 to 的动词不定式。即:make sb.do sth. 使(让)某人做某事 The teacher often makes us write English words many times.老师经常让我们写很多次英语单词。 The boss makes the worker work 10 hours a day. 老板让工人每天干 10 个小时的活。知识拓展 make sb.+ n. 让(使)某人成为 The teacher makes him monitor. 老师让他做班长。 He makes the girl friend. 他让这个女孩做他的朋友。

10、make sb.+ adj. 让(使)某人 Exercise can make us healthy and strong. 锻炼能使我们身体健康强壮。 Good food can make us healthy. 优质食物能使我们身体健康。 make it 意为:“ 及时到达;赶上”。 If we run, we should make it. 如果跑着去的话,我们应该赶得上。 make +宾语+done 使别人 Can you make yourself understood in English? 你能用英语使人明白你吗?友情提示make oneself understood“使别人明白

11、自己的意思” ,因为原意是 “使自己被别人了解” ,所以必须用过去分词。. 句中的 feel 是省略了不定式符号“to”的动词不定式,在句中作宾语 you 的补足语。即使用了 make sb. do sth.结构,意为“使(让)某人做某事” 。make 是使役动词, 不定式作宾补时, 常省略不定式符号 to。 The accident made her lose her memory. 那次事故使她丧失了记忆力。知识拓展类似的用法还有: hear sb do sth. , see sb. do sth. , watch sb. do sth., have sb. do sth. , let s

12、b. do sth. 等。 I saw her go into the classroom. 我看见她走进了教室。 I often hear him sing this song. 我经常听到他唱这首歌。3. It will be snowy and hot today. 今天将有雪,而且很热。snowy adj. 有雪的,下雪的a snowy winter 一个多雪的冬天归纳总结:在英语学习中常会遇到名词+y 构成形容词,例如表示天气变化的词:sun (太阳) sunny(晴朗的) ; cloud(云朵) cloudy(多云的)snow(雪) snowy(下雪的) ; wind(风) win

13、dy(有风的)rain(雨) rainy(有雨的) ; fog(雾) foggy(有雾的)经典考例:选择括号内所给的词填空。1. There is a strong _. Its _ today. (wind, windy)解答: 前一句中的 a strong 修饰名词。后一句中用形容词作表语。 正确答案是:wind, windy2. Its another _ day. There is too much _ this spring. ( rain, rainy)解答:前一句中用形容词作定语,修饰名词 day. 后一句中的 too much 修饰不可数名词。正确答案是:rainy, rain

14、4.Whats the temperature? 气温是多少?用来询问温度时的常用语,回答时用 Its +数词+ degrees. Whats the temperature today? 今天气温是多少?Its twenty degrees. 20 度。temperature n. 温度;体温;气温知识拓展take sbs temperature 给某人量体温 The doctor is taking my temperature. 医生在给我量体温。5. Its rather cool today, isnt it? 今天天气很凉爽,不是吗? 这是一个反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成,前

15、一部分是陈述句,后一部分是一个附加的简短疑问句。 当陈述句为肯定句时,附加疑问句用否定式;若陈述部分用否定句时,附加部分用肯定式。 Li Ming lived in Shijiazhuang, didnt he? 李明住在石家庄,不是吗? He isnt in the teachers office, is he? 他没在老师的办公室里,不是吗? 当陈述部分含有否定形容词 no, little, no one, none, nobody, nothing, few, seldom, hardly等时,附加问句用肯定形式。 There is nobody in the room, is ther

16、e? 没有人在房间里,是吗? Jack has never been to Japan, has he? 杰克从未去过日本,对吗? 如果陈述部分的否定词仅带有否定词缀,如 unhappy, dislike, untrue 等,附加问句仍用否定形式。 She feels unhappy, doesnt she? 她不高兴,对吗? 当陈述部分是一个主从复合句,附加疑问句一般要与主句一致。当陈述部分带有 Im sure, Im afraid, I dont think (believe suppose, expect, imagine)等的宾语从句,且主语为第一人称时,其反意疑问句的构成要依据宾语从

17、句的主语而定。 I dont think he can skate, can he? 我认为他不会滑冰,不是吗? He said that he was late fotr the lecture, diodnt he? 他说他听报告去晚了,是吗? Im sure that our experiment will succeed, wont it? 我确信我们的试验会成功, 是不? 当陈述部分是 there be 时, 反意疑问句部分用 be there 或 be not there 的相应形式。 There are sone flowers on the desk, arent there?

18、 桌子上有一些花,不是吗? There arent any hospitals in the village, are there? 村子里没有医院,对吗? 祈使句的反意疑问句,通常在祈使句后加上“will you?”,但以 lets 开头的祈使句,其附加问句用“shall we?” Lets go to the park, shall we? 我们去公园,好吗? Let us sing this song, will you? 让我们唱这首歌,好吗? 当陈述部分的主语是 everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, none

19、等指人的不定代词时,附加问句中的主语往往用 they, 强调个体时也可用 he。 Everyone is here, arent they? 大家都在这儿,是吗? Someboby called you just now, didnt they?有人刚才给你打电话了,对吗? Someone is expecting you, isnt he? 有人在等你,是不是? 当陈述部分的主语是 everything, anything, something, nothing 等指物的不定代词时,附加问句中的主语用 it. Everything goes well with you, doesnt it?

20、 你一切顺利吗? 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时,附加问句的主语要用相应的人称代词,即 this 或 that后用 it, these 或 those 后用 they. That was a hundred years ago, wasnt it? 那是 100 年前的事,是不是? Those are yours, arent they? 那些是你的,是不是? 当陈述句中有系动词、情态动词或助动词,附加问句中用与它相应的肯定或否定形式; 如果没有,则根据陈述句的时态选择适当的助动词。She went to college last year, didnt she? 他去年上的大学,是吗?He u

21、sed to be a texi griver, usednt / didnt he? 他过去是出租车司机,对吗?友情提示反意疑问句的答语一般用 yes 或 no 引导是简略答语回答,但要注意时态及人称代词的呼应。在前否定后肯定的句子中, yes 的含义为“不” ,no 的含义为“是” 。Your sister isnt amurse, is she? 你的姐姐不是护士,对吗?No, she isnt. She teaches English in a middle school. 对, 她不是。她在一所中学教英语。这种类型的句子的回答选择 yes 或 no 要根据实际情况判定。当实际情况是时

22、,就用 yes, 但意为“不” , 反之,就用 no,意为“是” 。经典考例:完成下列反意疑问句:1. No one phoned me while I was out, _? 解答:no one 是不定代词,在陈述句中作主语。正确答案:did they2. You dislke sports, _?解答:dislike 尽管用了否定前缀,反意疑问句仍用否定形式。正确答案:dont you3. Dont forget to take some money with you when you out, _?解答:祈使句的附加问句可用 will you 或 wont you, 但否定的祈使句只可用

23、 will you.正确答案:will you rather adv. 意为“相当 ”。 She is a rather pretty girl. 她是一个相当漂亮的女孩。 I felt rather hungry. 我感觉有点饿了。 My friend speaks English rather well. 我的朋友英语说得相当好。友情提示:rather 作 “相当”讲时,常修饰消极意义的形容词或副词,或用于比较级之前,还可用于限定词之前。 This car is rather more expensive than that one. 这辆汽车比那辆汽车贵得多。 意为“宁可” 。 I wo

24、uld rather you posted the letter right away. W 我倒希望你把这封信立即寄出。 知识拓展: rather than 意为“倒不如说,是而 不是” 。 I, rather than you, should do the work. 该做这工作的是我,而不是你。 He ran rather than walked to school. 他走着倒不如说是跑着去上学。 would rather do sth. than do sth. 意为“宁愿也不愿,宁可而不” I would rather do it now than later. 我情愿现在做,而不愿

25、以后做。 I would rather stay at home than go out in such a hot day. 在这样热的天气里,我宁愿呆在家里,也不愿外出。 prefer to do sth.rather than do sth. 意为“宁可而不愿” 。 He preferred to read rather than watch TV. 他宁愿读书而不愿看电视。 I prefer to walk home rathan than live here. 我宁愿走路回家,也不愿住在这儿。 ,辨析:quite, rather 与 very这三个词都可做副词,修饰动词、形容词、副词

26、,都有“相当;非常;完全”的含义,但用法略有不同。 quite 和 rather 都可以放在不定冠词 a/an 之前,但当明显前有形容词时,也可以放在不定冠词后。 Wang Lin is quite a clever boy in my class.= Wang Lin is a quite clever boy in my class. 王林在我班里是个相当聪明的男孩。 Its rather a hot day.= Its a rather hot day. 是个相当热的天。 very 只能放在不定冠词之后。 This is a very beautful place. 这是一个十分美丽的地

27、方。6. There will be some showers this afternoon. 今天下午将有阵雨。 there be 句型也有各种时态形式。 一般现在时:there is/are There is a new computer on the desk. 桌子上有一台新电脑。 There are some pictures on the wall. 墙上有一些图画。 一般将来时:there will be或 there is/are going to be There will be a football match in our school next week. 下星期在我们

28、学校将有一场足球比赛。 There is going tobe a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午将有一个会议。 一般过去时:there was/ were There was no building here last year. 去年这儿没有楼房。 There were many children flying kites yesterday. 昨天有很多孩子在放风筝。友情提示 在 there be 结构中,如果有情态动词,情态动词应放于 there 和 be 之间。 There is light in the room. There must be someon

29、e in it. 房间里有灯光,里面一定有人。 在 there be 结构中,如果 be 后有多个名词,be 的单复数要根据第一个名词来确定。 There is a pen and five markers in the pencil case. 铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和五支水彩笔。 在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分是 there be 时, 反意疑问句部分用 be there 或 be not there 的相应形式。 There is enough food for the birds, isnt there? 有足够的食物给鸟,是吗?No. we need to get some. 不,我们还需要

30、一些。 There is going to be a meeting this afternoon, isnt there? 今天下午有个会议,对吗? shower n. 意为“阵雨;阵雪” 。 We were caught in a shower on the way. 我们在路上遇到了阵雨。 意为“淋浴;淋浴器” 。 There is a shower in the bathroom. 知识拓展:take / have a shower 淋浴 He likes taking a shower. 他喜欢淋浴。 I usually take a shower before breakfast.

31、 我通常在早饭前淋浴一下。v. 下阵雨;倾注 Letters showed on him. 大批信件雪片似地向他飞来。7. Maybe there will be a thunder storm. 也许有雷阵雨。maybe adv. 用来表示推测,含义上与 perhaps 相同,意为“也许;或许;大概;可能”。 Will he come? 他会来吗?Maybe. 也许。辨析:maybe 和 may bemaybe 不同于 may be. maybe 为副词, 意为“也许;或许;大概;可能” 在句中作状语,通常置于句首,也可放在动词之前。may be 是情态动词 may+be 意为“或许是,可能

32、是”。表示可能性,可用形容词、名词、代词、介词短语作表语。 He may be at home. 他或许在家里。 He may be Li Mings father. 他可能是李明的父亲。 Maybe she is a nurse. 也许她是一个护士。经典考例:请选择最佳答案:A. maybe B. Maybe C. May be D. may be1. _ he will come.解答:题中已有助动词 will 和动词 come, 这儿用副词 maybe 表示推测,置于句首,在句中作状语。正确答案:B2. He _ fourteen.解答:题中没有动词。这儿用情态动词 may+be 表示可

33、能性。正确答案:D 8. Im scared of thunder! 我害怕打雷。 scared 此处是过去分词,用作形容词,意为“ 害怕 ”,常与 be 连用,构成短语 be scared of 意为“ 害怕” ,后接名词、代词、动名词。 He is scared of snakes.他怕蛇。 The little boy is scared of his father. 这个小男孩害怕他的父亲。知识拓展 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事,不敢做某事 He is scared to go out alone at night. 晚上他不敢一个人出去。 be scared+

34、 that 从句 I didnt say anything because I was scared that the other kids would laugh at me.我什么也没说,因为我怕其他孩子嘲笑我。 同义短语为 be afraid of. 所表达的“害怕”程度没有 be scared of 深。经典考例:选择最佳短语填空。be scared of,be scared to,be scared that 1. She _ going to bed in the dark.解答:of 后面用动名词形式。正确答案:is scared of2. She _ fly in a plan

35、e.解答:to 后面用动词原形。正确答案:is scared to3. She _ she cant get there on time.解答:后面的 she cant get there on time.是一个句子,所以要用 that 来引这个句子。正确答案:is scared that scare 还可以作动词,意为“惊吓,使恐慌,受惊” 。 The boy was more scared than hurt. 这个孩子伤倒不算什么,只是受惊不小。 You scared me. 你吓了我一跳。 scare 还可以作名词,意为“惊恐,大恐慌” 。 You did give me a scar

36、e. 你可真把我下了一跳。9. I hope not! 我希望不是这样的。这是一个省略句,完整的句子为 I hope there will not be a thunder storm. 用 not 代替否定句的内容。表肯定意思时用 so, 即 I hope so. Will you come to my party next Sunday? 下个星期天你来参加我的晚会吗?I hope so. 但愿如此。 It is said that there will be a math exam tomorrow. 据说明天将有一场数学测试。I hope not. 我希望不是这样的。知识拓展类似的表达

37、法还有:Im afraid so. 恐怕是这样。Im afraid not. 恐怕不是这样。10. Now, talk about the sunrise and sunset. 现在谈论一下日出和日落。talk about 谈论 What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么? We are talking about how to spend our summer holidays. 我们在谈论怎样度过我们的暑假。知识拓展talk with 与交谈,后接某人,强调双方交谈。 He likes talking with his English teacher.他喜欢与

38、英语老师交谈。talk of 与 talk about 意思相同,一般提及某人或某事用 talk of,涉及某人或某事的详细情况用 talk about. Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing? 讲到旅行,你到过北京吗? They are talking about todays meeting. 他们在谈论今天的会议。11. This morning, the sun rose. This evening, the sun will set. 今天早上。太阳升起来了。 今天晚上,太阳将落下! rise 不及物动词 ,意为“升起” 。

39、 The sun rises in the east every day. 太阳每天从东方升起。 The river has risen three feet. 河水上涨了三英尺。 set 不及物动词, 意为“落下” 。 The sun sets in the west every day. 太阳每天从西方落下。知识拓展set 作动词时常用一下短语:set out 意为“出发,开始” ;set up 意为“设立,树立,建立” 。 We set out on a trip. 我们出发去旅游。 They set up a tent on the beach. 他们在沙滩上搭起了帐篷。辨析:rise

40、 和 saise rise 是不及物动词,其后不可直接跟宾语,它的主语通常是物,说明主语自身向较高的位置移动,表示自然或非主观因素地提升。 His voice rose. 他的声音提高了。 The price of the house is always rising. 房价总是上涨。 raise 是及物动词,意为“ 举起,使起来, 筹(款) ”。后面直接跟宾语。它的主语通常是人,表示人为地使某物提升。 He raised his voice. 他提高了他的嗓音。 The remark raised a laugh. 这话引起了大笑。The singers are singing to raise money for disaster areas. 歌唱家为灾区筹款正在演唱。12. Read it to the class. 把它读给全班同学听。 readto sb. 意为“读给某人听”。 Please read these words to us all. 请把这些单词读给我们大家听。 class 既指学校里的“ 班,班级 ”,也指班里的“学生”。指“班里的学生”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 We are in Class 3, Grade 8. 我们在八年级三班。 The class are doing the cleaning. 学生们正在大扫除。

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