1、冠词,规则1：在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如：Failure is the mother of success. We can not live without air. John is playing computer. 规则2：可数名词的复数形式表示一类事物时，其前不加冠词。Bicycles are still very useful nowadays.Horses are useful animals.,零冠词,规则3：三餐、球类运动、棋、牌类游戏及学科名称前不用冠词。 如：When do you have lunch?He often plays football.
2、Do you like playing cards/chess?规则4：由介词by引导的交通工具名词前不用冠词。如：We traveled by train.,规则5： turn表示“变成”时，其后的名词通常不加冠词。 如： He was a farmer before he turned writer. 规则6：在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday.,规则7：称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词。常用名词有king，president，chairma
3、n，monitor，head等 Tom was made headmaster of the school. 规则8:复数名词指一类人或事物不用冠词。如：Horses are useful animals.,规则9: man 表示“人类”、word表示“消息”、 nature当“自然界” 、space 表示“太空” 时都不用冠词。in space in natureMan cant live without water.Word came that they won the game.规则10： As 引导的让步状语从句, 名词作表语提前时省冠词.Child as he is , he kno
4、ws a lot.规则11：在独立主格结构中的介词in结构 The teacher came in, book in hand.,规则12：某些固定词组或习惯用语中不用冠词。如: at dawn/daybreak /sunset, at work, take place, by mistake, go to town, in danger, on foot, in short,in trouble, on earth, on sale, in time, on time, for example, in honor of, lose (ones) heart, under constructi
5、on,注意： (1)一人兼有双重或多重身份时，用一个冠词。 如：The singer and poet is going to visit our school. 比较：The singer and the poet are going to visit our school. (2) 两件东西配成一套时，通常用一个冠词。 如：a knife and fork, a needle and thread,a cup and saucer，a watch and chain,(3)有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同 go to school/ church go to the school
6、/ the church go to sea出航/海；下海 go to the sea in hospital / prison in the hospital / the prison in front of in the front of sit at table sit at the table take place take the place of in charge/ possession of in the charge /the possession of in office / class in the office / the class out of question不成
7、问题,无疑的out of the question不可能的,办不到的,1_ M(m)oney plays an important role in_ material world. But you cant expect it to give you real happiness. (2012郑州毕业班第一次质量检测) AA；the B/；a C/；the DThe；the,解析： 考查冠词。句意为：钱在物质世界中扮演着重要的角色，但是你不能期望它给你带来真正的快乐。第一空表泛指，不用冠词；第二空表特指，用定冠词，the material world表示“物质世界”。 答案： C,2(2012
8、长春高中毕业班第一次调研)Youd better go abroad by_plane so as to get_comfortable journey. A/；a Ba；/ Ca；the Dthe；the 解析： 考查冠词。by plane“乘飞机”为固定搭配，故第一空不用冠词；a comfortable journey表示“一次舒适的旅行”，故第二空用不定冠词a。 答案： A,3(2012东北三校高三第一次联合模拟)In China，_pressure to find_ jobs causes some students in the countryside to drop their d
9、reams of going to college. A/；the Ba；the Cthe；/ D/；/ 解析： 考查冠词“_pressure to find_jobs”特指找工作的压力，故第一空用定冠词the；第二空后面的“jobs”表示泛指意义，故其前不用冠词。 答案： C,规则1：判断a还是an的依据是其后的词的发音，而不是字母。例如： Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _ “m” here. Mary is _ honest girl. She is from Britain, _ European coun
10、try.,不定冠词,an,an,a,规则1：当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为 辅音音素 时，用 a；而当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为元音音素时，用_an_。特别提醒：判断a还是an的依据是其后的词的发音，而不是字母。例如：a university student, a unique style, a European writer, an honest boy, an xray, an 800metrelong bridge等。,不定冠词,规则2: a/ an + 单数可数名词可以表示一类事物。侧重于指类别中的任何一个。 An elephant is much stronger th
11、an a man.,规则3：序数词前面加不定冠词a/an表示“ 再一，又一 ”之意，如：They have a second house in the country.Although he has failed six times, he would like to have a try a seventh time.,规则4：用于地名前表示“一个的地方”；用于星期、月份前表示不确切的“某一个星期或月份”。用于姓氏前表示不认识的“一个姓的人/叫的人”、“某家庭的成员”、 “像 一样的人”或是“某人的作品”。I cant remember when exactly the accident h
12、appened. I only remember it was a Sunday.A Mr. Wang called you. I want to be a Xu Beihong when I grow up.规则5：用于表示价格/速度/数量/比率的名词前，表示“每”。The little girl can type 80 words a minute.Most workers get paid a month.,规则6：不定冠词a/an用在某些抽象名词和物质名词前，表示“一种，一件，一个”之意；如果这些名词前有形容词修饰，则不定冠词通常不可少，如：What a lovely surprise
13、 to see you again!Id like a coffee and two beers.,规则7：moon, sky, world等表示世界上独一无二的事物被形容词修饰时前面要加不定冠词，如： When can we enjoy a new moon?规则8：不定冠词a/an用于most 前表示程度，意为：“非常，十分 ”，如：Its a most boring book.,规则9：用于某些不可数名词前如education，history，knowledge，population，time等，表述其一部分或某一方面内容。 He has a wide knowledge of hist
14、ory.规则10：ofa/an名词，a/an相当于the same。 These umbrellas are of a colour and size. 这些伞的颜色和大小一样。,规则12：用于某些固定词组或短语中。 as a result 因此，结果 have a rest 休息一下 in a hurry 匆忙 in a way 在某种程度上 as a rule 通常 in a word 总之 a number of 许多,as a whole 总体上说 have a good time 过得开心 make a living 谋生 at a loss 不知所措 at a distance 保
15、持一定距离 have a talk with. 和谈谈 all of a sudden 突然 as a matter of fact 事实上 have a gift for. 对有天赋 once in a while 偶尔 once upon a time 从前 keep an eye on. 照看；密切注视,不定冠词的位置,such/ what + a/ an + adj +单数可数名词 so/ as/ too /how /however+ adj +a/an +单数可数名词 many a/an +单数可数名词 eg. Many a / More than one student is in
16、terested in it.,all、some、other、another、one、no、many、any、few、several等+such +名词（单或复数） All such possibilities must be considered. I need some such cards. One such dictionary is enough for me. I hope never to meet with another such accident.,1(2013哈尔滨高三模拟)If you are hunting_chance to improve yourself in
17、English，I think the English corner will be_smart choice. Aa；a Ba；the Cthe；a Dthe；the 解析： 考查冠词。句意为：如果你在寻找提高英语水平机会的话，我认为英语角是个不错的选择。根据语意可知此处两空都表泛指，用不定冠词。 答案： A,2(2012南京高三第二次模拟)Did Susan visit you again_following year? No，it was almost ten years before she came to see me_second time. Athe；a Bthe；/ C/；th
18、e D/；a 解析： 考查冠词。the following year为固定搭配，表示“第二年”；a second time表示“又一次，再一次”。 答案： A,3(2012陕西宝鸡二模)Do you have any idea of_exact date when he cycled to the Taibai Mountain? No.I only remember it was_Saturday. Aan；an Bthe；the Can；the Dthe；a 解析： 句意为：你知道他骑车去太白山的确切日期吗？不知道。我只记得是一个星期六。第一空后的date在本句中表示特指，故用定冠词；a
19、Saturday泛指“某个星期六”。 答案： D,4(2013山西四校联考)Dont worry too much about making_mistakes.They are_natural part of learning. A/；a Bthe；/ C/；the Dthe；a 解析： make mistakes犯错误；第二句的意思是“这些错误是学习中很自然的一个部分”，表示的是泛指，应用a。 答案： A,规则1：表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:I saw a boy yesterday. The boy is very tall. 规则2：特指双方都明白的人或物。如:Open the doo
20、r, please.Give me the book.,定冠词,规则3： 方位名词用定冠词the east, west, south, north, left, right, front, middle特别提醒：这些方位名词作副词用时不加冠词 He was then heading east for the school farm.,规则4：定冠词用于姓氏名称的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇俩”。如：The Smiths live in the apartment above ours.规则5：by 和计量单位名词连用时，名词前要用冠词the； by the yard/the meter/the
21、dozen/the month/the year/the hour， 但如果该名词为不可数名词时，则不用冠词。 by weight /volume(体积)/ area。 Eg. I have hired the car by _ hour Eggs are sold by _weight,the,/,规则6：当西洋乐器名称作play的宾语时，名词前必须加定冠词the，如：She is good at playing the piano.规则7：世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖泊、山川等与地理知识有关的名词以及一些专有名词前.如：the Sun；the Moon ；the Great Wal
22、lthe UK/UN/USA ；the Himalayas the Peoples Republic of China,规则8：与单数可数名词连用，表示一类人或物。如: The horse is a useful animal.规则9：用于某些介词短语中指身体的某个部分(介词the身体部位)，如：He caught the man by the arm. Tom hit the thief in the face. He patted me on the shoulder,规则10：与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人： the rich 富人 ; the living 生者; the injure
23、d受伤者； the disabled残疾人; the unemployed失业者规则11：用在序数词、形容词最高级、以及 only， very， same等前面： Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 表示两者中“较的”，比较级前应用the。 Tom is the younger of the two newcomers. To be honest，I have never seen a cleverer one.规则12：与复数名词连用，指整个群体： They are the teachers of this school.（指全体教师) Th
24、ey are teachers of this school. (指部分教师),规则13：用于表示时期、年代、世纪的名词或数词前。 He is the greatest novelist of the 1900s. 他是20世纪最伟大的小说家。 In the thirties unemployment was widespread. 在三十年代失业现象很普遍。,规则13：用在惯用语中： in the morning (afternoon，evening)； the day after tomorrow the day before yesterdaythe moment, in the dar
25、k in the distance in the end； on the whole； by the way； on the way,at the age of, at the beginning of, all over the world, make the bed, take the place of, all the same, by the side of, in the habit of, in the charge of,1(2013山西部分重点高中高三联考)I dont know who invented_iPhone，but I think it is_useful inve
26、ntion. Athe；a Bthe；the Can；the Dan；a 解析： 考查冠词用法。句意为：我不知道是谁发明了iPhone，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。前一个空格处是类指，用定冠词；后一个空格处是泛指，表示“一个，一种”。 答案： A,2(2013桂林部分学校高三质量检测)Tom works in a company and gets paid by_hour，totally 5,000 yuan_month. Athe；the Ba；the Cthe；a Da；a 解析： “bythe计量单位名词”表示“按”，by the hour表示“按小时”，故第一空用定冠词the；第二空
27、处表示泛指，用不定冠词a。 答案： C,3(2012山东青岛一模)Of the two bags，which one do you prefer? _bigger one. Its_most beautiful one，I think. AThe；a BThe；the CA；/ DA；the 解析： 前面说the two bags，其中大一点的那个包是特指，故第一个空填the；后一句的意思是：我认为这是一个非常漂亮的包，most不是最高级，是副词，意为“非常，特别”，故第二个空填a。 答案： A,4）冠词表类别的区分,(1)“the+单数名词”指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。
28、如： The car goes faster than the bike The horse is a kind of useful animal. The telephone was invited by Green Bell. (2)“aan+单数名词”侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。 A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across； (3)“零冠词+复数名词不可数名词”侧重指类别中的许多个体。Farmers are busy in autumn,_ tig
29、er is in danger of becoming extinct 虎有灭绝的危险,The,一、冠词的泛指与特指 冠词的泛指和特指是冠词学习的难点之一，也是高考考查的焦点所在。解题时考生要结合语境分析究竟设空处是表示“泛指”还是表示“特指”： 1表泛指(指一类人或事物中的任何一个，而不具体指哪一个)，用不定冠词； 2表特指(特指某人、某事、某物，指上文中提到的或正在谈论的人或物，或者是谈话双方都知道的人或事物)，用定冠词。请比较： I have a computer. The computer is a great help to my studies.,典例-What about _ l
30、ecture you attended yesterday?To tell the truth, it was too boring. I cant stand _ lecture like that.A.a; the Bthe; aCthe; 不填 D.the; the,B,二、比较级和最高级前冠词的选择 “a/an比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比更的一个”，属于泛指； “the最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最的一个”；“the比较级”表示“两者中较的一个”。 “a most形容词”表示“很，非常”。请比较：,This one is too small. Can you show
31、 me a larger one? Tom is the older of the two boys. Part One is a most difficult part but not the most difficult.,警示 只有相比较的人或事物为两个时，才能用“the比较级”。 辨析 “a most形容词”不含比较概念，most相当于very；而“the most形容词”表示“最”，句中必须有比较的范围。,三、表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前冠词的使用 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，如：sun, sky, moon, world等前面一般用定冠词，但其前有描绘性的修饰语时，用不定冠
32、词。请比较： the sky; the universe; the atmosphere ; the earth ; the sun ; the Internet What a bright moon! a peaceful world一个和平的世界；,四、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用 1物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词，表示泛指时前面一般不用冠词；但物质名词或抽象名词具体化时，被具体化的名词可以与a/an/ the连用。 (1)difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事 (2)experience 经验；an experience 一次经历 (3)failure 失败；
33、a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事 (4)knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 对精通/熟知 (5)success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事 (6)surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事 (7)honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。 The party last night was a success. We sang and danced until it came to an end.,典例 -Do
34、 you think an advertisement is _ help when you look for a college?Well, it all depends. Anyway, it gives me more of _ chance. A. a; a B. 不填； a C. 不填； the D. a; the,A,探究 物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用 正确的方法是：结合语境判断名词是泛指还是特指，泛指不加冠词，特指时须加 冠词。,五、专有名词以及表示季节、星期、三餐的名词前冠词的使用 1专有名词前一般不加冠词，但是以下情况需要用冠词： (1)由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词
35、。 请比较： China, Smith, Bob the Great Wall the United States the Yellow River the WTO the Red Sea the Peoples Republic of China (2)表示“一个名叫的人”时，用不定冠词。在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词, 表示一家人。 The Mr. Smiths live in the next-door house. A Mr. Smith is waiting for you outside.,2表示星期、月份、节日、季节等的名词前一般不用任何冠词。 We had a good time
36、on Christmas Day. 我们在圣诞节那天过得很愉快。 Monday comes before Tuesday. 星期一在星期二之前。 He was born in September,1988. 他出生于1988年9月。,注意： (1)特指具体的某个季节、日期时，前面要用冠词。 He went abroad in the September of 1988. We had a cold winter last year. We had a very hot summer last year. I will never forget the summer we spent in Ha
37、waii.(2)用festival构成的我国的传统节日前通常用定冠词。 the Spring Festival 春节 the Midautumn Festival 中秋节,3表示一日三餐的名词前一般不加冠词，但其前面有描绘性的修饰语时，应加不定冠词。请比较： I only want a small breakfast because of cold. Have you had supper? Yes. We had a wonderful supper.,链接 专有名词以及表示季节、星期、三餐的名词前冠词的使用是近几年高考对冠词考查的焦点之一。考查的角度主要针对考生的定式思维一碰到这类词就认为
38、不应该加冠词。在具体运用中，考生应该打破定式思维，具体情况具体分析。,六、序数词前冠词的使用 表示顺序“第几”时用“the序数词”；表示“又一，再一”时用“不定冠词序数词”。 You can try a second time if you fail. 如果你失败了，可以再试一次。 Italy scored a third goal just after halftime. 下半场刚开始，意大利队就又进了一个球。 I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 我已经有三本书了，我想再买一本。,典例 (宁波，2)Johnson had made
39、up his mind to give it up, but on _ second thought he determined to try _ third time. A. /; a B. the; / C. a; a D. the; a 解析：A。考查冠词。第一空on second thought是固定短语，意为“三思，再三考虑”；第二空序数词前用不定冠词表示“再一，又一”。句意：约翰逊已经下定决心放弃了，但是思虑再三后，他决定再试一次。,解题方法,1(2012辽宁卷)I woke up with_bad headache，yet by_evening the pain had gone
40、. Athe；the Bthe；an Ca；the Da；an 解析： 首先 headache 前有形容词修饰，这是此空填不定冠词的标志；morning，evening 等名词前要有定冠词the修饰。句意为：一阵剧烈的头痛让我醒来，然而到了晚上疼痛消失了。 答案： C,2(2012全国卷)He missed_gold in the high jump，but will get_second chance in the long jump. Athe；the B/；a Cthe；a Da；/ 解析： 考查冠词用法。句意为：他在跳高中错失了金牌，但在跳远中还有一次机会。前一个空格处特指跳高中的金牌
41、，故用the；后一个空格处是不定冠词与序数词连用表示“再一；又一”。 答案： C,3(2012四川卷)We are said to be living in_Information Age，_time of new discoveries and great changes. Aan；the B/；the C/；a Dthe；a 解析： 考查冠词。句意为：我们生活在信息时代，一个有新发现、有巨变的时代。the Information Age 信息时代，第一空用定冠词the表示特指；a time of.“的一段时间”，不定冠词a 在此表示泛指。 答案： D,4(2012重庆卷)Sam has b
42、een appointed_manager of the engineering department to take_place of George. A/；/ Bthe；/ Cthe；the D/；the 解析： 考查冠词。第一空后面的manager是表示职位的，故前面不用冠词；第二空是固定短语 take the place of，意为“代替”，故选D 项。 答案： D,5(2012浙江卷)The development of industry has been_gradual process throughout_human existence，from stone tools to m
43、odern technology. A/；the Bthe；a Ca；/ Da；a 解析： 考查冠词。句意为：从石器到现代技术，工业的发展在人类生存中一直是一个渐进的过程。process为可数名词，根据句意可知此空应使用不定冠词a；existence为抽象的不可数名词，且根据句意并无特指的用法，故第二个空不使用冠词。 答案： C,6(2012江西卷)The Smiths dont usually like staying at_hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by_sea. A/；a Bthe；
44、the C/；the Dthe；a 解析： 考查冠词。句意为：史密斯夫妇不太喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。第一空hotels是复数名词，没有特指，故不用冠词。第二空by the sea意为“在海边”。 答案： C,2013年高考真题英语单项选择分类汇编：冠词 (2013全国卷I)31. India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle. 不填; a B. the; a C. an; 不填 D. an; the (2013全国卷II)13.Four and half hours of discu
45、ssion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar. a; a B. the; the C.不填；the D. a;不填(2013福建卷)21.The “Chinese Dream“ is _dream to improve peoples well-being and _dream of harmony, peace and development. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the,(2013陕西卷)19. Marco Polo is sai
46、d to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in thirteenth century.A. the; a B. a; / C. /; the D. the; the(2013山东卷) 22. It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky. A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填(2013重庆卷)32. The parents were shocked by _ news tha
47、t their son needed _ operation on his knee. A. a；/ B. the；/ C. the；an D. a；an,(2013江西卷)32.Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; /(2013浙江卷)15. People develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning. A. a；an B. a；不填 C. 不填； the D. the；an,
