1、WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2013TABLE OF CONTENTSSteel is at the core of a green economy, in which economic growth and environmental responsibility exist as a mutually beneficial partnership that serves the entire globe.In 2012, the world steel industry produced 1.5 billion tonnes of steel its two key co
2、mponents are iron (one of Earths most abundant elements) and recycled steel. Once steel is produced, it becomes a permanent resource, because it is 100% recyclable and has an infinite life cycle such recyclability without loss of properties makes steel unique and valuable. The steel industry believe
3、s that sustainable development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is for this reason that life cycle assessment (LCA) is of vital importance, as our section on page 5 illustrates.In 2012 world average steel use per ca
4、pita (page 17) was 216.9 kilogrammes, which is a slight increase on 2011 and represents the steadily increasing global usage of steel over time. It touches every aspect of our lives, and no wonder no other material has the same unique combination of strength, formability and versatility, nor is as c
5、entral to so many aspects of our daily lives, such as transport, housing, energy, agriculture, water supply and infrastructure. The world steel industry is a key driver of the worlds economy and this publication, World Steel in Figures 2013, provides the latest update on the global picture worldstee
6、ls Steel Statistical Yearbook provides a ten-year range of the figures in this publication, and will be published later in 2013. I hope you find the information in these pages valuable. If you would like additional copies of this publication, do not hesitate to download them, free of charge, from th
7、e Online Bookshop on our website, worldsteel.org.FOREWORDDr Edwin BassonDirector GeneralForeword .3Safety and health .4Life cycle thinking .5Key facts about steel .6World crude steel production, 1950 to 2012 7Top steel-producing companies, 2012 .8Major steel-producing countries, 2011 and 2012 9Crude
8、 steel production by process, 2012 10Continuously-cast steel output, 2010 to 2012 . 11Monthly crude steel production, 2009 to 2012 .12Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2002 .14Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2012 15Apparent steel use, 2006 to 2012 .16Apparent
9、steel use per capita, 2006 to 2012 .17Pig iron, 2011 and 2012 18Direct reduced iron production, 2005 to 2012 19Iron ore, 2011 .20World iron ore trade by area, 2011 .21World iron ore trade by area, 2012.22World trade in steel products, 1975 to 2012 .23World volume of trade, 2000 to 2012 23World steel
10、 exports, analysis by product, 2007 to 2012 24World steel trade by area, 2012 .25Major importers and exporters of steel, 2012 .26Trade in ferrous scrap, 2011 and 2012 .27World trade in ferrous scrap by area, 2012.28Indirect trade in steel, 2000 to 2011 29Major indirect importers and exporters of ste
11、el, 2011 .29True steel use, 2005 to 2011 .30Apparent and true steel use per capita, 2011 .303Steel is essential for low-carbon usage of transport, construction, housing and power generation. Steel demand has been rising steadily in recent years and will continue to do so, to support global developme
12、nt.The steel industry is committed to managing the challenges that climate change brings. worldsteel has an ambitious programme for every steel company in the world to measure its C02emissions/tonne of steel produced on a common basis. Strong, high-tech steel products play a crucial role in reducing
13、 greenhouse gas emissions, such as advanced high-strength steels for cars, speciality electrical steels for wind turbines and steel buildings, which are intrinsically environmentally friendly, due to steels infinite recyclability.Life cycle assessment (LCA)Many everyday products, such as cars, cans
14、and washing machines, are made of steel. Once these products reach the end of their useful lives, the steel is recycled. Recycling reduces the consumption of raw materials and energy and is therefore beneficial for the environment. To understand the environmental performance of a product, its entire
15、 life cycle needs to be taken into consideration. A life cycle assessment (LCA) of a steel product looks at resources, energy and emissions, from the raw material extraction phase to its end-of-life phase, including recycling and disposal. LCA can be used to identify priorities for improvements in p
16、rocess operations and product design and development.LCA aims to support efforts to develop a consistent, rigorous and transparent methodology to enable society to make informed choices on the environmental impact of products and processes. This will prevent regulators from making decisions based on
17、 a lack of information. For example, it may seem obvious to make decisions concerning vehicle manufacturing based on the reduction of the weight of materials used thus leading to reductions in fuel consumption and also reduced emissions. However, some of the lightest materials are much more energy a
18、nd CO2intensive to produce and are often the most expensive. To avoid the value of LCA being undermined, the steel industry has been very careful in its use in the undertaking of studies, in the development of a peer-reviewed methodology and in the publication and interpretation of data and results.
19、SAFETY AND HEALTH LIFE CYCLE THINKINGIn 2012, the world steel industry produced 1.5 billion tonnes of crude steel.The safety and health commitment, made by the worldsteel Board in 2006, is accompanied by a set of six principles: All injuries and work-related illnesses can and must be prevented. Mana
20、gement is responsible and accountable for safety and health performance. Employee engagement and training is essential. Working safely is a condition of employment. Excellence in safety and health supports excellent business results. Safety and health must be integrated into all business management
21、processes.worldsteel publishes the Safety and Health Principles Guidance Book, available in ten languages to help steelmaking companies adopt and apply these principles.The most important work in safety and health is the collaborative effort of worldsteel member companies to identify best practices
22、in key risk areas. Taskforces create guidelines for safe work performance. Sharing serious incident investigations and associated key learnings helps to avoid repeat events.worldsteel reports on safety and health trends using annual metrics submitted by members. This information helps companies to p
23、rioritise implementation of best practices. The aim is to prevent all injuries and illnesses.worldsteel has a Safety and Health Excellence Recognition programme. This showcases practices that have had a clear impact in improving safety and health. In 2012, four member companies received recognition
24、for their initiatives: CSC, Gerdau, Natsteel and Tata Steel Limited. The 2013 recognitions will be announced at the annual conference in October.Nothing is more important than the safety and health of the people who work in the steel industry.4 5Steel is a cornerstone and key driver for the worlds e
25、conomy.The industry directly employs more than two million people worldwide, plus two million contractors and four million people in supporting industries. Including industries such as construction, transport and energy, the steel industry is a source of employment for more than 50 million people.St
26、eel is at the core of the green economy, in which economic growth and environmental responsibility work hand in hand.Steel is the main material used in delivering renewable energy: solar, tidal and wind. All steel, even that which was created as long as 150 years ago, can be recycled today and used
27、in new products and applications. The amount of energy required to produce a tonne of steel has been reduced by 50% in the past 30 years.Steel touches every aspect of our lives. No other material has the same unique combination of strength, formability and versatility.Steel surfaces are hygienic and
28、 easy to clean. Surgical and safety equipment and commercial kitchens are all made with steel. Almost 200 billion cans of food are produced each year. Steel cans ensure that food remains safe and nutritious, and save energy as refrigeration is not needed. The can itself is 100% recyclable.Steel is a
29、n innovative and progressive industry committed to the safety and health of its people.The industry is committed to the goal of an injury-free workplace. Safety metrics show that the lost-time injury frequency rate is decreasing.Globally, the steel industry spends more than 12 billion per year on pr
30、ocess improvements, new product development and future breakthrough technology.Life cycle thinking: New solutions for new times.Life cycle assessment (LCA) considers production, manufacture, use phase and end of life recycling and disposal. Life cycle thinking leads to immediate environmental benefi
31、t. LCA is easy to implement, cost effective and produces affordable and beneficial solutions for material decision-making and product design.KEY FACTS ABOuT STEEL WORLD CRuDE STEEL PRODuCTION 1950 TO 2012Years World1970 5951975 6441980 7171985 7191990 7701995 7521996 7501997 7991998 7771999 7892000
32、8492001 851Years World2002 9042003 9702004 1,0612005 1,1472006 1,2492007 1,3472008 1,3412009 1,2362010 1,4322011 1,5362012 1,5471,4001,6001,2001,00080060040002000201019901980197019601950200million tonnesAverage Growth Rates % per annumYears World1970-751975-801980-851985-901990-951995-002000-052005-
33、102010-121.62.20.11.4-0.52.46.24.53.96 7MAJOR STEEL-PRODuCING COuNTRIES 2011 AND 2012million tonnes crude steel productionCountry2012 2011Rank Tonnage Rank TonnageChina 1 716.5 1 702.0Japan 2 107.2 2 107.6United States 3 88.7 3 86.4India 4 77.6 4 73.5Russia 5 70.4 5 68.9South Korea 6 69.1 6 68.5Germ
34、any 7 42.7 7 44.3Turkey 8 35.9 10 34.1Brazil 9 34.5 9 35.2Ukraine 10 33.0 8 35.3Italy 11 27.3 11 28.7Taiwan, China 12 20.7 12 20.2Mexico 13 18.1 13 18.1France 14 15.6 14 15.8Iran 15 14.5 16 13.2Spain 16 13.6 15 15.5Canada 17 13.5 17 12.9United Kingdom 18 9.6 18 9.5Poland 19 8.4 19 8.8Austria 20 7.4
35、22 7.5Belgium 21 7.3 20 8.0South Africa 22 6.9 21 7.5Netherlands 23 6.9 23 6.9Egypt 24 6.6 24 6.5Malaysia (e) 25 6.0 26 5.9Saudi Arabia 26 5.2 29 5.3Czech Republic 27 5.1 28 5.6Argentina 28 5.0 27 5.6Vietnam (e) 29 4.9 30 4.9Australia 30 4.9 25 6.4Slovak Republic 31 4.4 34 4.2Sweden 32 4.3 31 4.9Tha
36、iland (e) 33 4.3 33 4.2Finland 34 3.8 35 4.0Kazakhstan 35 3.7 32 4.7Indonesia (e) 36 3.7 37 3.6Romania 37 3.3 36 3.8United Arab Emirates (e) 38 2.8 42 2.0Byelorussia 39 2.7 39 2.6Venezuela 40 2.4 38 3.1Luxembourg 41 2.2 40 2.5Qatar 42 2.1 41 2.0Portugal (e) 43 1.9 44 1.9Chile 44 1.7 46 1.6Hungary 45
37、 1.5 45 1.7Switzerland (e) 46 1.5 47 1.4Colombia 47 1.3 49 1.3Greece 48 1.2 43 1.9Philippines (e) 49 1.2 50 1.2Peru 50 1.0 51 0.9Other 13.0 13.9World 1,546.8 1,536.2(e): estimateTOP STEEL-PRODuCING COMPANIES 2012million tonnes crude steel productionRank CompanyTonnage Rank Company Tonnage1 ArcelorMi
38、ttal (*)93.6 23 IMIDRO (*)13.62Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation (*) (1)47.9 24 SAIL (*)13.53 Hebei Group (*)42.8 25 Rizhao 13.24 Baosteel Group (*)42.7 26 MMK (*)13.05 POSCO (*)39.9 27 China Steel Corporation (*)12.76 Wuhan Group (*)36.4 28 Metinvest (*)12.57 Shagang Group 32.3 29 Baotou 10
39、.28 Shougang Group (*)31.430Taiyuan 10.19 JFE (*)30.4 Jiuquan 10.110 Ansteel Group (*)30.231Pingxiang 9.111Shandong Group 23.0 Zongheng 9.1Tata Steel (*)23.0 Jinxi 9.112 U. S. Steel (*)21.432Techint Group (*)8.713 Nucor (*)20.1 Xinyu 8.714 Gerdau (*)19.833ISD 8.515 Maanshan 17.3 JSW Steel (*)8.516 H
40、yundai Steel (*)17.1 34 Guofeng 8.017 RIVA Group (*) (2)16.0 35Ereli Demir ve elik Fabrikalari TAS (*)7.918 Evraz Group (*)15.9 36 Anyang 7.719Severstal (*)15.137CELSA Group (*)7.6ThyssenKrupp (*)15.1 Zenith 7.6Benxi Steel 15.1 38 voestalpine (*)7.520 NLMK (*)14.9 39 Jingye 7.321 Valin Group 14.140N
41、anjing 7.222 Jianlong Group 13.8 Usiminas (*)7.2* worldsteel members * Handan, which is part of Hebei Group, is a member of worldsteel(1)In October 2012, Nippon Steel Corporation and Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. were officially merged into Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation.(2)Restructurin
42、g within the group undertaken in January 2013 is not reflected.Notes on company ownership and tonnage calculations:In cases of more than 50% ownership, 100% of the subsidarys tonnage is included. In cases of 30% to 50% ownership, pro-rata tonnage is included. Less than 30% ownership is considered a
43、minority interest and therefore not included.For more details about worldsteel member company ownership and tonnage calculations, go to worldsteel.org/statistics/top-producers.html8 9CRuDE STEEL PRODuCTION BY PROCESS, 2012Million tonnesOxygen %Electric %Open hearth %Other %Total %Austria 7.4 90.9 9.
44、1 - - 100.0Belgium 7.3 63.6 36.4 - - 100.0Bulgaria 0.6 - 100.0 - - 100.0Czech Republic 5.1 92.7 7.3 - - 100.0Finland 3.8 67.8 32.2 - - 100.0France 15.6 60.9 39.1 - - 100.0Germany 42.7 67.7 32.3 - - 100.0Greece 1.2 - 100.0 - - 100.0Hungary 1.5 96.5 3.5 - - 100.0Italy 27.3 34.2 65.8 - - 100.0Latvia (e
45、) 0.8 - 100.0 - - 100.0Luxembourg 2.2 - 100.0 - - 100.0Netherlands 6.9 98.0 2.0 - - 100.0Poland 8.4 50.6 49.4 - - 100.0Portugal (e) 1.9 - 100.0 - - 100.0Romania 3.3 46.8 53.2 - - 100.0Slovak Republic 4.4 91.4 8.6 - - 100.0Slovenia 0.6 - 100.0 - - 100.0Spain 13.6 25.1 74.9 - - 100.0Sweden 4.3 66.9 33
46、.1 - - 100.0United Kingdom 9.6 78.6 21.4 - - 100.0European Union (27) 168.5 58.3 41.7 - - 100.0Turkey 35.9 26.0 74.0 - - 100.0Others 2.7 12.8 87.2 - - 100.0Other Europe 38.6 25.1 74.9 - - 100.0Russia 70.4 63.4 27.0 9.6 - 100.0Ukraine 33.0 69.4 4.5 26.0 - 100.0Other CIS 8.4 44.0 55.0 1.0 - 100.0CIS 1
47、11.8 63.7 22.5 13.8 - 100.0Canada 13.5 57.8 42.2 - - 100.0Mexico 18.1 27.6 72.4 - - 100.0United States 88.7 40.9 59.1 - - 100.0NAFTA 120.3 40.8 59.2 - - 100.0Argentina 5.0 44.3 55.7 - - 100.0Brazil 34.5 76.3 23.7 - - 100.0Chile 1.7 71.0 29.0 - - 100.0Venezuela 2.4 - 100.0 - - 100.0Others 3.8 10.2 89
48、.8 - - 100.0Central and South America 47.4 63.5 36.5 - - 100.0Egypt (e) 6.6 8.0 92.0 - - 100.0South Africa 6.9 56.3 43.7 - - 100.0Other Africa 2.0 28.3 71.7 - - 100.0Africa 15.5 32.1 67.9 - - 100.0Iran 14.5 14.9 85.1 - - 100.0Saudi Arabia 5.2 - 100.0 - - 100.0Other Middle East 2.4 - 100.0 - - 100.0M
49、iddle East 22.1 9.8 90.2 - - 100.0China 716.5 89.8 10.1 - 0.1 100.0India (e) 77.6 31.2 67.5 1.3 - 100.0Japan 107.2 76.8 23.2 - - 100.0South Korea 69.1 62.4 37.6 - - 100.0Taiwan, China 20.7 51.0 49.0 - - 100.0Other Asia 20.9 - 100.0 - - 100.0Asia 1,012.0 79.4 20.4 0.1 0.0 100.0Australia 4.9 77.2 22.8 - - 100.0New Zealand 0.9 68.6 31.4 - - 100.0Total of above countries 1,542.0 69.6 29.3 1.1 0.0 100.0(e): estimate The countries in this table accounted for more than 99% of world crude steel production in 2012.CONTINuOuSLY-CAST STEEL OuTPuT2010 TO 2012Million tonnes % C
