Allee-Sow China母猪营养 May 2010-中英文.pdf

1、Nutrition and Management of Sows During Gestation and Lactation妊娠和泌乳母猪的营养及管理Dr. Gary Allee Larger litter size (12.5 born alive)产仔更多（ 12.5头活仔） Higher milk yield and greater litter growth rate (2.5 3.5 kg/d)高产奶量和仔猪窝增重（ 2.5-3.5 kg/d） Greater mature body size成年体型更大 Change in body composition- less fat,

2、more lean体组成改变（脂肪少、瘦肉多） Reduced appetite食欲降低Breeding female of today is very different than her counterpart of 20-30 years ago:现代种母畜与 20-30年前相比差别很大：Our Sow Nutrition Program我们的母猪营养工作情况 Understand the nutritional needs of modern sows during gestation and lactation了解现 代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量 Emphasis will be a

3、mino acid needs着重研究氨基酸的需要量 State of the art genetics and facilities优 良的遗传基因和良好的饲养设施 Dedicated personnel long, long hours, attention to detail, slow progress优秀的科研人员 长时间、更细致、更长久的研究 Very expensive must have partnerships to support花费昂贵 需要合作单位的支持 Critical to our industry production and profitability, ENV

4、IRONMENTAL ISSUES对行业 很重要 生产、盈利、环境Our Sow Nutrition Program我们的母猪营 养程序 Recognize the biological variation of the criteria measured, minimum N=50判断生物变异的标准，最少动物数量： N=50 Understand potential parity differences了解不同胎次营养需求的差异 Must evaluate subsequent reproductive performance评价后续的繁殖性能Innovative Swine Solutio

5、ns (ISS), LLC母猪营养的创新点（ ISS）， LLC 5,400 sow farm5,400头母猪猪场 Able to feed two gestation diets能饲喂两种妊娠日粮 Two farrowing rooms 112 crates for intensive lactation studies两个分娩房 112个笼可供泌乳期试验 Howema computerized feeding system使用 Howema电脑饲喂控制系统 Individual daily sow feed intake能实现母猪个体每日采食量的记录 Subsequent reproduc

6、tive performance后续繁殖性能Gestation妊娠Gestation妊娠Weighing of the Animals 称重Sow Scale母猪评分Weighing of the Animals 称重Baby Pig Scale 仔猪称重Breeding Gilt Goals初产母猪繁育目标 Weight at breeding 135 150 kg配种体 重达到 135-150 kg 2nd or 3rd recorded estrus第 2或第 3次发情记录 12.5 total born12.5头总产仔数 85% farrowing rate85%分娩率3 1 . 13

7、 2 . 33 3 . 13 2 . 83 2 . 82 9 . 03 0 . 03 1 . 03 2 . 03 3 . 03 4 . 01 7 0W ei g ht a t fi rs t breedi ngTotalborn over 3paritiesTotal born over 3 parities according to breeding weight分娩 3胎以上产仔总数与母猪的配种体重的关系Source: Williams et al, 2005资料来源： Willians等， 2005第一次配种体重分娩3胎以上总仔猪数6 8 . 86 8 . 561565860626466

8、68701 3 0 - 1 5 0 1 5 1 - 1 7 0 1 7 1 - 2 0 0B re e di n g w e i gh t ( k g)Retentionby3parities(%)Effect of Breeding Weight on Retention Rate to 3rd Parity配种体重 对母 猪存 留至 第 3次分娩比例 的 影响Source: Amaral Filha, unpublished data (2008)AI 211 d143 kgAI 219 d160 kgAI 225 d177 kg02468101214161 3 0 -1 5 0 1 5

9、1 -1 7 0 1 7 1 -2 0 0B r e e d i n g w e i g h t (k g )CullingReason(%)L o c o m o ti o n R e p r o d u c ti v e O th e rabc配种体重（ kg） 配种体重（ kg）资料来源 ： Amaral Filha， 未发表数据（ 2008）移动 繁殖 其他3胎存留率（%）淘汰率（%）Body Condition Score体况评分1 5432Thin过瘦Normal正常Fat过肥Goals Gestation妊娠目标1 The goal of an effective gestati

10、on feeding program is to have 85-90% of the gestating sows in normal condition by 5 weeks of gestation妊 娠营养目 标为第 5周母猪妊娠率达到 85-90%且体况正常 Body Score 2.5-3.5 体况评分为 2.5-3.52 Avoid fat sows 防止母猪过肥 Reduces feed intake in lactation控制泌乳期的采食量Control Energy Intake控制能量摄入 Over Feeding Causes:过量采食会导致： Unnecessary

11、 expenses增加不必要花费 Increases embryonic mortality增加死胎率 Reduces mammary development影响乳腺发育 Increase sow mortality and culling rate增加母猪死亡率和淘汰率 Reduces lactation feed intake 减少泌乳期的采食Control Energy Intake控制能量摄入 Under Feeding Causes:饲喂量不足会导致 Decrease in pig birth weight降低仔猪初生重 PWM 断奶前死亡 Decrease milk product

12、ion降低泌乳量 Poor reproductive performance影响繁殖性能Changes in AA Needs During Gestation妊娠期氨基酸需要的改变 Maintenance and growth in case of gilts初产母猪的维持和生长 Growth of fetus and associated tissues胎儿及相关组织的生长 Mammary tissue乳腺发育Fetal Protein Accretion胎儿蛋白沉积McPherson et al., 2004妊娠天数胎儿的蛋白量，gProtein in Mammary Gland乳腺中的

13、蛋白Ji, 2004Protein,g/gland蛋白，g/g腺体Day of Gestation泌乳天数24.5424.8227.6325.2720222426283050- 60 60- 70 70- 80 80- 90S ta g e o f g e s ta ti o n , dNretained(g/d)Exp 5. N retention during different stages of gestation (d 50-90) in parity 1 sows试验 5 第 1胎妊娠母猪不同阶段（ d=50-90）的 N沉积Stage of gestation effect P

14、= 0.0038; SEM = 0.72妊娠阶段影响 P = 0.0038; SEM = 0.72c c c d妊娠阶段， d氮沉积（g/d）Overall Objectives Gestation妊娠总目标 To determine the lysine requirement of gilts during different stages of pregnancy确定母猪不同妊娠阶段赖氨酸需要量 Evaluate the use of synthetic lysine inclusion during gestation评估妊娠期合成赖氨酸的使用效果Objective 目标 Evalua

15、te the minimum lysine intake to maximize N retention in todays commercial dam-line gilts:实现现代母猪最大氮沉积的赖氨酸最低需要量Early gestation day 40-50 妊娠早期 40-50天 Mid gestation day 70-80妊娠中期 70-80天 Late gestation day 90-100妊娠后期 90-100天12.9817.6425.3224.630510152025307 g/ d 10 g/ d 13 g/ d 16 g/ dS I D L ys i n e i

16、n t ak eNretained(g/d)N r e t a i n e d ( g / d )Exp 2. Effect of dietary lysine on Nitrogen retention in mid gestation (d 70-80)a试验 2 日粮中添加合成赖氨酸对妊娠中期（ d 70-80）氮沉积的影响线性 Linear response (P 0.0001); 二次 Quadratic response (P = 0.1216)c dc dN沉积（ g/d）氮沉积（g/d）回肠真可消化（ SID）赖氨酸摄入Summary 总结 During the early a

17、nd mid-gestation, N retention was maximized at 13 g of SID lysine intake/d.妊娠早期和中期， 回肠真可消化（ SID） 赖氨酸摄入量为 13 g 氮沉积达到最大 In the late-gestation period, N retention was maximized at 17 g of SID lysine intake/d.妊娠后期， SID赖氨酸摄入量为 17 g氮沉积最大Comparison of “Estimated” SID Lysine Needs During Gestation妊娠母猪赖氨酸 SID需要量评价的比较早期 Early (0-85) 后期 Late (85-114)NRC, 1998 9.7 9.7Kim, 2006 6.8 15.3Allee, 2007 13.0 17.0GFE, 2008 9.4 14.6Samuel, 2010 (2nd) 13.1 18.7Samuel, 2010 (3rd) 8.2 13.0