1、公共管理英语(修订版) Public Management English,顾建光 主编,4. State and Market,Words and Expressionsprivate sector 私营部门，民营部门 to generate 产生，造成 judicial services 法律服务 know-how n. 技术秘诀 regulation n. 管制 oversight n. 疏忽，失察 entrepreneur n. 企业家 gross national income (GNI) 国民总收入 Euromoney n. 欧洲货币,4. State and Market,Wor
2、ds and Expressionscreditworthiness n. 信贷价值 public sector 公共部门 vibrant 充满活力的，活跃的 to levy 征税 progressivity n. 进步 incentive n.动机 monopoly n. 垄断 budget n. 预算 accessibility n. 可达性，可获得性 affordability n. 可承担，可负担性 stark 完全的，巨大的,4. State and Market,Creating the Conditions for Private Sector DevelopmentPrivat
3、e firms generate jobs and bring growth to the entire economy, the biggest factor in reducing poverty. But to do so they need a sound investment climatewith good macroeconomic management, trade and investment policies that promote openness, and good quality infrastructure and services. They also need
4、 a legal and regulatory system that supports the day to day operations of firms by protecting property rights, promoting access to credit, and ensuring efficient tax, customs, and judicial services.,4. State and Market,学生试译：,4. State and Market,Telecommunications has received the largest share of in
5、vestment in projects with private participation (44 percent of the total in 19902001), with water and sanitation, considered a “basic needs” sector, receiving only a small fraction (5 percent).学生试译：,4. State and Market,The case for creating a good investment climate is simple: an economy needs a pre
6、dictable environment in which people, ideas, and money can work together productively and efficiently.Countries should focus on improving the investment climate for domestic entrepreneurs, but a better investment climate will also attract foreign investors.,4. State and Market,学生试译：,4. State and Mar
7、ket,Designing Public Sector Policies to Enhance Private ActivityAs global competition has increased in the past two decades, the governments of many developing countries have shifted their focus from trying to preserve jobs in a stagnant public sector to creating jobs in a vibrant private sector. Go
8、vernments are now in the business of designing and implementing good policies and strong institutions that enhance the business and investment climate.,4. State and Market,学生试译：,4. State and Market,Government functions and policies affect many areas of social and economic life: health and education,
9、 natural resources and environmental protection, fiscal and monetary stability, and flows of trade. Data related to these topics are presented in the respective sections. This section provides data on key public sector activities: tax policy, exchange rates, and defense expenditures.,4. State and Ma
10、rket,学生试译：。,4. State and Market,Tapping the Benefits of Infrastructure, Information, and TelecommunicationsHigh quality infrastructure and other business services help determine the success of manufacturing and agricultural businesses. Investments in water, sanitation, energy, housing, and transport
11、 improve health and education and help reduce poverty. And new information and communications technologies offer vast opportunities for economic growth, improved health, better service delivery, learning through distance education, and social and cultural advances.,4. State and Market,学生试译：,4. State
12、 and Market,Essential to building a knowledge economy is ensuring access for all to computers and the Internet. The digital divide between rich and poor economiesthe gap in access to information and communications technologyremains wide, with highincome economies having 416 personal computers per 1,
13、000 people and lowincome economies only 6 per 1,000. Even so,ownership of personal computers is growing twice as fast in developing as in highincome economies. Large gaps also exist among developing regions,4. State and Market,学生试译：,1. Opening Administration to the Public,4. State and Market,(Source: World Bank,World Development Indicators 2003, 2002.) Words and Expressions,Thank you !,
