1、Lesson 83,After the elections,单词学习,election former defeat fanatical opponent radical progressive suspicious,n. 选举 adj. 从前的 v. 打败 adj. 狂热的 n. 反对者，对手 adj. 激进的 adj. 进步的 adj. 怀疑的,election n. (经由投票的) 选举; 当选 a general election 大选,普选 举行选举 hold an election 赢得选举,当选 win an election 最终的选举结果会在周五公布。 The final el
2、ection results will be announced on Friday. Elect v. 选举 雷根被选为美国总统 Reagan was elected (to be) President of the United States.,Former adj.前者的, 前任的, 以前的 former是前者，和后者 (latter ) 相比较而言的 previous是以前的，是时间上的。 prior是指优先于;比起什么先做什么. 我喜欢前者的画而不喜欢后者 I prefer the former picture to the latter. 此工作不需要以前的经验。 No previ
3、ous experience is necessary for this job. 宪法优先于其他一切法律 Constitution is prior to all other laws.,defeat （1） v. 打败 打敗敌人 defeat an enemy 我隊以5比零擊敗對手。 Our team defeated our opponent by 5：0. （2） n 挫折、失敗 我們的棒球隊再遭失失败 Our baseball team has suffered another defeat .,fanatical （1）adj. 狂热的 （2）n.（主義、宗教等） 狂信者 fan
4、n.（口） 迷、熱心愛好者 a baseball fan 棒球迷 a rock and roll fan 搖滾迷 be crazy about 非常喜愛 ., 醉心於 be mad about ,opponent n. 反对者，对手 他以三比一擊敗對手。 He beats his opponent by 3：1. v. oppose （1）v. 反對、抵抗 我反對你去那裡 I oppose your going there alone . 暴風雨阻止我們前進 The storm opposed our advance . （2） v.使對立、使對抗 oppose + sth + to/ aga
5、inst 對立、對抗 他對比了優點和缺點來考慮這件事。 He considered the matter , opposing its advantage against / to its disadvantage . be opposed to sth 與某事物相對立, 反對某事物 她強烈反對他們的計劃。 She is strongly opposed to their plan.,radical （1） 根本的、徹底的 徹底改進 radical improvements （2）過激的、激进的、極端的 the radical party 激進黨 radically adv. 根本地, 完全地
6、, 過激地 radicalism n. 激进主義, 根本的改革主義,9,progressive （1） adj. 进步的 conservative a.保守的，守舊的；傳統的 n.保守的人 思想進步的市長 a mayor with progressive ideas 新主席是相當前卫的。 The new chairman is quite progressive . （2） 前進的、進行的 regressive a.退步的，退化的,progress （1） n. 前進、進行 （2） n. 進步、上進、發展 醫學進展 the progress of medicine 你已經在说英语上取得了很大進
7、展。 Youve made great progress in speaking English . （3） n.經過、過程、進展 這個病人进步极为显著。 The patient is making remarkable progress. （4） v. 前進、進行、上進、提高 我們的工作現正穩步推進。 We are now progressing steadily with our work . 你在數學上進步很快 Youve progressed quickly in mathematics .,suspicious adj. 猜疑的，认为可疑的，对起疑心的，多疑的 海关官员都对面色紧张的
8、旅客起疑心。 Customs officers are suspicious of nervous-looking travelers. 别那么多疑，一切都好。 Dont be so suspicious. Everythings all right. adj. 可疑的，令人起疑的 这场车祸看起来很可疑。 The car crash looks suspicious.,suspiciously adv. 猜疑地, 可疑地 suspicion n. 猜疑 他的話引起了我的懷疑。 His remarks aroused my suspicion . 我懷疑，我的手機已被窃听。 I have a s
9、uspicion that my phone has been tapped .,课文讲解,The former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Patrick, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr. Lanes Radical Progressive Party. After the el
10、ections, Patrick went to the former Prime Ministers house. When he asked if Mr. Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad.,On the following day, Patrick went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the en
11、trance, when Patrick asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Patrick went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper. I told you yesterday and the day before yester
12、day, he shouted, Mr. Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad!“I know, answered Patrick, but I love to hear you say it!,The former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. the former Prime Minister the ex-Prime Mi
13、nister 前首相 defeat sb 擊敗某人 beat sb 打贏某人 上個星期六阿森納擊敗曼聯。 Arsenal beat Manchester United last Saturday.,He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. retire 退休 我的父親60歲將退休。 My father will retire at the age of 60. go abroad 出國 travel abroad 出国旅行 study abroad 留学，出国学习 live abroad 住在國外 be abroad
14、 在國外 from abroad 從海外來 他剛剛從國外旅行回來。 He has just returned from abroad .,My friend, Patrick, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr. Lanes Radical Progressive Party. Radical Progressive Party. 激进党 After the elections, Patrick went to the former Prime Ministers house.,When he asked if Mr. Lane lived
15、there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. duty （1） n. 責任、義務、本份 on duty在上班(的)，在值班(的) off duty 下了班(的)，不在值班(的) （2）税，关税 customs duty 关税 export duties 出口税 import duties 進口稅,On the following day, Patrick went to the house again. The same policeman
16、was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Patrick asked the same question.walk past prep. 走過、經過entrance （1） 入口、大門口公園入口 entrance to the park the back entrance 後門 （2） 進入 進入大學 entrance into college entrance to college 入学测试 entrance examination,Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman g
17、ave him the same answer. though 引導的是让步状语从句 如果从句的主语和主句的相同而谓语是系动词be，则主语+be可省略 完整的從句是： Though the policeman was a little suspicious this time. The day after, Patrick went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. once more 再度 他再次提出这个问题。 He asked the question once more,This time, the p
18、oliceman lost his temper. lost ones temper 發脾氣 temper （1） n. 脾氣 別發脾氣 Keep your temper ！ （2） n. 心情、情緒 昨晚發生的事情後，我惊讶地发现，他今天早上的情緒很好。 After what happened last night , I was surprised to find that he was in such a good temper this morning . 你應該向他道歉，他現在脾氣很壞。 You should apologize to him . Hes in a very bad
19、temper .,mood n. 心情、情緒 我在晚会上玩的很开心，心情很好。 I enjoyed myself at the party . I was in a very good mood . 别打扰他，他心情很不好。 Dont disturb him . hes in a very bad mood . be in the mood for sth/ doing sth be in the mood to do 想做某事 我很想开车去乡下兜兜风。 Im in the mood for a drive into the country . I would very much like t
20、o go for a drive into the country.,2020/1/16,mood， humor， temper区别：,These nouns refer to a temporary state of mind or feeling. 这些名词指一种暂时的精神或感情状态。 Mood is the most inclusive term: Mood 是范围很广的词语： a contentious mood; 好争论的脾气； a cheerful mood. 愉快的心情； “I was in no mood to laugh and talk with strangers” (M
21、ary Wollstonecraft Shelley). “我没有心情和陌生人一起谈笑” （玛丽渥斯通克拉夫特雪莱）。,2020/1/16,Humor often implies a state of mind resulting from ones characteristic disposition or temperament; it sometimes suggests fitfulness or variability: Humor 常指由一个人的性格倾向或性情引起的精神状态；有时指不规则的或变化的状态： The humor of the Cabinet shifted after
22、the scandal was exposed. 内阁在丑闻被揭露之后态度发生了变化。 “All which had been done . . . was the effect not of humor, but of system” (Edmund Burke). “所有已经做过的不是情绪而是制度的结果” （爱德蒙伯克）。,2020/1/16,Temper most often refers to a state of mind marked by irritability or intense anger: Temper 通常指具有被激怒或大怒性质的一种精神状态： “The nation
23、 was in such a temper that the smallest spark might raise a flame” (Macaulay). “全国上下都十分愤慨以至于稍有火星都可能引起熊熊火焰” （,2020/1/16,多选答案：,1. b 根据课文内容可以推测只有b. 是正确的，课文所暗示出如果温特沃兹?莱恩先生在最近的大选中获胜，他还会当首相的，但事实上他没有获胜。 只有b. 与这一暗示相符，其他3个选择都与课文的内容不符。 2. a 根据课文最后一行but I love to hear it, 可以判断a. 是课文所暗示的情形，其他3个选择都与课文含义不符。 3. c
24、本句的前半部分用的是现在完成时 he has always been a fanantical opponent (他一直是强烈的反对者)，后半部分只有用一般现在时才能与前面的时态协调，并合乎逻辑。 应该选c. 其他3个选择都不对：a. has been 是现在完成时，与前面时态重复,意思不同；b. was 是过去时不合乎逻辑；d. has 不合乎题目意思，此外需要的是动词be,而不是have. 所以c. 是最佳答案。,2020/1/16,4. c 只有选c. to 才符合习惯用法，因为be opposed 后面需要同介词to 搭配才能构成固定短语，be opposed to 意思为“反对”，
25、其他3个选择都不能同opposed 连用，所以应该选c. 5. a 该句需要选一个与前一句中的连词if(是否)意义相同的词,才能使两个句子意思相同. 只有a. whether (是否)与if 意义相同,其他3个选择b. that , c. unless(如果不,除非)和d. providing that (以为条件，假如)都与if 的含义不同，所以选a. 6. b 只有选b. of 才符合习惯用法， 因为句中的suspicious 后面只能跟介词of 或about 构成固定短语， be suspicious of/about 意思是“对感到怀疑”，其它3个选择都不能与suspicious 连用
26、，所以选b.,2020/1/16,7. c 本句的时间状语是for some time (一段时间)表示一段时间的状语应该同完成时态连用才合乎逻辑；a. has gone 是完成时，但它表示的是瞬间完成的动作，不应该同表示一段时间的短语来年用；b. went 和 d. did go 都不是完成时；只有c. has been 是完成时，可以同表示一段时间的短语连用，表示某种状态持续的时间，所以应该选c. 8. b 本句需要一个同前一句中的形容词former (先前的，过去的)含义相同的词。 a. first (第一的)；b. previous (先的，以前的)；c. latter (最近的)；d
27、. before (以前，在之前)中，只有b. 与former 的意义和词性相同，所以选b. 9. c 本句需要选一个同前一句中的defeated (被击败)含义相同的词。 a. conquered (被征服的)，b. won (被赢得的，胜利的)；c. beaten (被击败的)；d. destroyed (被毁坏的)中，只有c. 与defeated 的意义相同，所以选c.,2020/1/16,10. d 只有选d. against 才能使此句与前一句Patrick has always been a fanatical opponent(帕特里克一直是强烈的反对者。)的含义协调一致。而若选
28、a. opposite(对面)与前一句意义不符， b. anti 一般不能单独使用，它常做前缀表示“反对”，“防”“抗”等，在口语中可以做名词或形容词，意思为“持反对态度的人”， “反对的”，也不适合这个句子， c. at 意思讲不通。 所以d. 是答案。 11. a 本句需要选一个同前一句中的lost his temper (生气，发脾气)含义相同的词组。a. got angry (生气)；b. was in a bad mood (心境不好)；c. lost his nerve (畏缩，害怕)；d. was in a bad humour (情绪不好，不高兴)中，只有a. 与lost hi
29、s temper 意义最接近，所以选a. 12. b 本句是需要选一个与前一句中的election (选举)意义相关的词，才能使其意义与前一句符合。 a. marks (分数，记号)；b. votes (投票，选票)；c. points (点，得分)；d. grades (等级，成绩，分数)中，只有b. 的词意义与election 有关，而其他3个选择意义相同，一般都不用来指选举的得票数，所以b.是最佳答案。,2020/1/16,让步状语从句：,让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。 引导让步状语从句的连词主
30、要有以下这些：though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever，despite，in spite of。切记although，though 不可与but连用，但可以与yet连用。,2020/1/16,though,although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。 这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet,still或never，the less连用，但不能与but连用。例如： Although/
31、Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。 Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。 值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如： She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了,2020/1
32、/16,as,though表示“虽然但是”，“纵使”之意。 as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如： Object as you may,Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object,Ill go.) 纵使你反对，我也要去。 Hard as/ though he works,he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.）尽管他学习很努力，但
33、几乎没取得什么进步。 Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。 Fast as you read,you cant finish the book so soon. 纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。,2020/1/16,even if,even though 表示“即使”，“纵使”之意，含有一种假设。 这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换
34、使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，可用来表示与事实相反的假设，但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实，表示已经发生了的事。例如： Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。 Even if he is poor,she loves him. (=He may be poor,yet she loves him.）即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。 Even though he is p
35、oor,she loves him. (=He is poor,yet she loves him.）尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他,2020/1/16,whether.or.表示“不论是否”，“不管是还是”之意。 由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如： Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。 Whether you believe it or not,its true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。,2020/1/16,“no
36、matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都；不管都” 它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如： No matter what happened,he would not mind. (=Whatever happened,he would not mind.) 无论发生了什么事情，他都不会介意的。 No matter who you are,you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law. 不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。 但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如： Whatever (=No matter what) you say,I wont believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语句） 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。 Ill eat whatever （no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句）你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。 Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎。,
