1、1,The Appositive Clause同位语从句刘长春 教授,2,用于表示先行词的内容，对其加以解释，与先行词同位或等同的从句叫同位语从句。 （1）同位语从句的先行词多为具有 一定含义的抽象名词:idea（打算、想法），fact（事实），rumor（传闻、传说），story（传说、故事），hope, belief（相信），thought（想法、思想），doubt（怀疑），news, order（命令），question（问题），guarantee（保证），proof（证据），message（通信、消息），explanation（解释）等。同位语从句通常由从属连词that引导，如：Ear
2、ly in the day came the news that Germany had declaredWar on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战这一消息一大早就传来了。( 先行词是news),3,I had no idea that you were here. 当时我没有想到你也在这儿。( 先行词是 idea)We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.我们表示希望他们再次来到中国访问。The fact that the prisoner was guilty was plain to everybo
3、dy. ( 先行词是 fact)犯人有罪这事实使人人都看的清楚的。I have come from Mr. Lin with a message that he will not be able to see you this afternoon. 我从林先生那里带信来，他今天下午不能来看你了。(先行词是 message),4,（2）疑问代词 who, which, what, 疑问副词 where, when, why, how, 连词 whether 也可引导同位语从句。如：It is a question how he did it.那是 一个他如何做了此事的问题。（先行词是 quest
4、ion ）I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时回来。（先行词是idea ）The question who was to blame has neverbeen settled.该由谁负责，这个问题根本没有解决。（先行词是question ）,5,I have no idea which dictionary is hers.我不知道哪本词典是她的。（先行词是idea ）The question, whether we need it,has not yet been considered.我们是否需要它，这个问题还没有考虑。（先行词是que
5、stion ）It is very difficult to answer your question how I did it.很难回答你提出的我是怎样做的问题。（先行词是question ）My question, why he did at all ,has not been answered.我的问题，究竟为什么他做这件事，还没有得到回答。（先行词是question),6,The explanation that he couldnt see the car is unsatisfactory.他看不见(不能够看见)那辆小汽车这种解释是不能令人满意的。(先行词是explanation)
6、Have you any proof that he is a thief？你有没有证据说明他是小偷？(先行词是proof)The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息是不真实的。(先行词是news)(现在进行时可表示将来的动作，有“意图、打算”含义)We demanded a guarantee that no similar incident would occur again.我们要求保证不再发生类似的事件。(先行词是guarantee)There can be no doubt that he is
7、 qualified for the job.毫无疑问他是有资格(条件)做这工作的。(先行词是doubt)Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.这时就产生了这样一个问题：我们在哪儿能找到所需要的机器。(先行词是question ),7,(3)在probability(可能性、机会), certainty (必然性), likelihood (相似性、可能), evidence (证据)等词后和在 on condition (只要、条件是), on the supposition (假定、以为、在假设前提
8、下), on the ground of (由于、因为), on the understanding (以为条件), with the exception (除之外), in spite of the fact(不管)等成语后，也可用作为同位语从句。,8,Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night?你能否提出证据，说明他那天夜里不在家？(先行词是 evidence)She went to the meeting on the supposition that people would not assail he
9、r with questions. 她去参加了这次会议，以为人们不会向她提出许多问题。(先行词是 on the supposition )He was allowed to go swimming on condition that he kept near the other boys. 让他去游泳的条件是他不离开别的孩子。 (先行词是 on condition ),9,(4)有时，同位语可以不紧跟在它说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：Weve just heard a warning on the radio that a typhoon may be on its way.我们刚从广播
10、里听到一则气象警报，说有一股台风即将到来。(先行词是 warning, 被 on the radio 隔开)The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.会上提出了我们的研究经费是否够用的问题。 （先行词是 question ，被 came up at the meeting 隔开）The rumor spread that a new hospital would be built here.谣传这里要建一所新医院。（先行词是 rumor,被 spread 隔开)The tho
11、ught came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。（先行词是 thought ，被 came to him 隔开）,10,The story goes that William Tell did kill the tyrant with that arrow. 传说威廉泰尔后来果真用这支箭射死了暴君。 （先行词是 story ，被 goes 隔开） The order soon came that all civilians should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来了，让
12、所有的平民都撤出村子。（ 先行词是 order，被 soon came 隔开） ( 同位语从句是虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形 evacuate 来表示。),11,（5）同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别，如下表：,12,13,由于同位语从句常常可译为“的（消息、想法、问题等）”，因此，有的语法学家将其归为特殊的定语从句。事实上两者是有一定区别的，如：I dont believe the rumor that he has killed his wife.(同位语从句，它的内容和先行词 rumor 等同, that 在从 句中不作句子成分。)我不相信他杀死了他妻子的谣言。The man that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist.(定语从句，从句修饰man, that在从句中作主语。)在会上讲话的那个人是一位著名的科学家。,
