1、英语二 Unit 5 Keeping Your Dreams AliveText A Life is DifficultA Famous QuoteYou are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. C. S. Lewis 无论年纪多大，都可以有新目标、新梦想。 C. S. 刘易斯New Wordstranscend v. to be or go beyond the usual limits of something 超出，超越（通常的界限）incessantly adj. non-stop 不停地；持续不断地
2、noisily adv. in the way of making a lot of noise 喧闹地subtly adv. in the way that is not very noticeable or obvious 不易察觉地；不明显地；微妙地enormity n. the very great size, effect, etc. of something; the fact of something being very serious 巨大；深远影响；严重性burden n. a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, di
3、fficulty or hard work （义务、责任等的）重担，负担belief n. a strong feeling that something/somebody exists or is true; confidence that something/somebody is good or right 相信；信心unique adj. being the only one of its kind; very special or unusual 唯一的；独一无二的；独特的affliction n. pain and suffering or something that cause
4、s it 折磨；痛苦especially adv. more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circumstances than in others 尤其；特别；格外tribe n. （in developing countries） a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc. living in a particular area and often le
5、d by a chief 部落species n. a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name 种，物种（分类上小于属）discipline n. the ability to control your behaviour or the way you live, work, etc. 自制力；遵守纪
6、律confront v. to deal with a problem or difficult situation 处理，解决（问题或困境）evoke v. to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind 引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象）grief n. a feeling of great sadness, especially when somebody dies （尤指因某人去世引起的）悲伤，悲痛，伤心guilt n. the unhappy feelings caused by knowing or thinking th
7、at you have done something wrong 内疚；悔恨anxiety n. the state of feeling nervous or worried that something bad is going to happen 焦虑；忧虑anguish n. severe pain, mental suffering or unhappiness 剧痛；极度痛苦；苦恼despair n. the feeling of having lost all hope 绝望uncomfortable adj. anxious, embarrassed or afraid and
8、 unable to relax （使）焦虑的，尴尬的，害怕的，不自在的physical adj. connected with a persons body rather than their mind 身体的；肉体的；躯体的英语二 equal adj. to be as good as something else or do something to the same standard as somebody else 比得上；敌得过conflict n. a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a
9、 serious disagreement or argument 冲突；争执；争论engender v. to make a feeling or situation exist 产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）pose v. to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with 造成（威胁、问题等）；引起；产生distinguish v. to recognize the difference between two people or things 区分；辨别；分清wisdom n. the ability to make s
10、ensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have 智慧；才智；精明mentally adv. connected with or happening in the mind 精神上；智力上；思想上spiritually adv. in the way that is connected with the human spirit, rather than the body or physical things 精神上；心灵上desire n. to want
11、something; to wish for something 渴望；期望deliberately adv. done in a way that was planned, not by chance 故意；蓄意；存心instruct v. to teach somebody something, or show them how to do something 教授；指导dread v. to be very afraid of something; to fear that something bad is going to happen 非常害怕；极为担心Phrases and Exp
12、ressionsmoan about to complain about something in a way that other people find annoying 抱怨a series of several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other 一系列；连续because of for the reason of 因为as well as in addition to somebody/something; too 除之外cutting edge the newest, most adv
13、anced stage in the development of something （处于某事物发展的）尖端，最前沿，领先阶段call forth to produce a particular reaction 引起；使产生重点词汇transcend v. to be or go beyond the usual limits of something 超出，超越（通常的界限）eg: Such matters transcend mans knowledge, i.e. we cannot know about them. 这些问题人类是无法了解的。衍生transcendent adj.
14、 extremely great; supreme 卓越的；至高无上的eg: a writer of transcendent genius 杰出的天才作家burden n. a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work （义务、责任等的）重担，负担eg: bear/carry/shoulder a heavy burden 负有/负起/肩负/重担affliction n. pain and suffering or something that causes it 折磨；痛苦eg: help p
15、eople in affliction 帮助受苦的人衍生afflict v. usu. passive 通常用於被动语态 sb./sth. （with sth.） cause trouble, pain or distress to sb./sth. 使某人/某物苦恼 疼痛或悲痛eg: She is afflicted with （i.e. suffers from） arthritis. 她患关节炎。英语二 Severe drought has afflicted the countryside. 严重的干旱使乡村深受其害。构词词根 flict = to strike 打击afflict v
16、. 折磨affliction n. 痛苦conflict n. 冲突inflict v. 使遭受infliction n. 痛苦 species n. a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name 种，物种（分类上小于属）eg: pandas and other endangered species 熊
17、猫和其他濒危物种confront v. to deal with a problem or difficult situation 处理，解决（问题或困境）be confronted with sth.eg: Customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice. 顾客面临众多选择。衍生confrontation n. （instance of） angry opposition 对抗；对抗的事物eg: a confrontation between the government and the unions 政府与工会之间的
18、对抗instruct v. to teach somebody something, or show them how to do something 教授；指导 sb. （in sth.） eg: instruct a class （in history） 教某班级（历史）衍生instructor n. person who instructs; trainer 教员；教练；指导员eg: a driving instructor 驾驶教练instruction n. （in sth.） process of teaching; knowledge or teaching given （对知识
19、的）教授，传授；（传授的）知识；教导eg: In this course, students receive instruction in basic engineering. 在本课程中，学生能学到基础工程学的知识。构词词根 struct = to build 建造，建立structure n. 构造，结构construct v. 建设construction n. 建设destruction n. 毁灭destructive adj. 有破坏力的instruct v. 指导instruction n. 教导superstructure n. 上层建筑Life Is DifficultP1L
20、ife is difficult.This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult once we truly understand and accept it then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that
21、life 英语二 is difficult no longer matters.P2Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.P3Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be e
22、asy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species, and not up
23、on others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.P4Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?P5Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve lifes problems. Without discipline we can solve not
24、hing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.P6What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, lon
25、eliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, or despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender i
26、n us all that we can call them problems. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.P7Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes betwe
27、en success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to s
28、olve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.“ It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome
29、 problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.链接Hold fast to dream-Langston HughesHold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想For if dreams die 梦想若是消亡Life is a broken-winged bird 生命就象鸟儿折了翅膀That can never fly 再也不能飞翔Hold fast to dreams 紧紧抓住梦想For when dreams go 梦想若是消丧英语二 Life is a barren field 生命就象贫瘠的荒野Frozen o
30、nly with snow 雪覆冰封，万物不再生长语法点睛（一）名词从句1. 本质：句子（S + V） 分别充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，便构成了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。这四种从句本质都有名词的性质，所以统称名词性从句。2. 经研究发现，名词从句就是用三种句子（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）来分别充当另外一个句子的四种句子成分，但做了一定的调整。演化如下：1）陈述句做成分，在其前加引导词 that。陈述句 English is important. That English is important is an undoubted fact. 主语从句I know that
31、 English is important. 宾语从句My idea is that English is important. 表语从句I hold the opinion that English is important. 同位语从句2）一般疑问句做成分，在其加引导词 whether, 并变倒装语序为正装语序。一般疑问句 Will he come to my party? Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me. 主语从句I dont know whether/if he will come to my par
32、ty. 宾语从句My question is whether he will come to my party. 表语从句I have a question whether he will come to my party. 同位语从句3）特殊疑问句做成分，倒装变正装即可。特殊疑问句 What should we do?What we should do is to work hard at English. 主语从句I dont know what we should do 宾语从句To hold our dream is what we should do. 表语从句There is a
33、question what we should do. 同位语从句3.课文里出现的名词从句1）Once we truly know that life is difficult once we truly understand and accept it then life is no longer difficult. 2）Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.3）Most people do not fully see this truth that life is di
34、fficult.4）They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species, and n
35、ot upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.5）What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one.（二）强调句1.结构： It is + 被强调的部分 + that + 句子的其他部分“Helen bought the car from Tom.“ “No, it was Tom that bought the car from Helen.“Hele
36、n bought her car last year.“ “No, it was two years ago that Helen bought the car.“Helen bough her car from Bob.“No, it was Tom that Helen bought the car from.“ 2.课文里出现的强调句英语二 1）Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge th
37、at distinguishes between success and failure.2）It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. 3）It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.ExercisesChecking Your ComprehensionDirection
38、s: Choose the best answer to each question from the information given in the passage.1. The author believes that the statement that life is difficult_. A） is the greatest truth in the worldB） is never known to peopleC） is not as true as beforeD） is fully understood by few people答疑编号 506430050201【正确答
39、案】A【答案解析】对照原文 Life is difficult. This is a great truth, one of the greatest truth.句子意思是“生活是艰辛的。这是一个伟大的真理，最伟大的真理之一。”这两句话直接给出了答案。答案为 A。2. According to the author, life is _.A） a series of problemsB） a heavy load of burdenC） a series of truthsD） a unique kind of affliction答疑编号 506430050202【正确答案】A【答案解析】
40、对照原文，作者提到，Life is a series of problems，即“生活是由一系列问题组成的”。答案为 A。3. Solving all lifes problems requires _.A） no moaningB） some disciplineC） total disciplineD） all tools答疑编号 506430050203【正确答案】C【答案解析】对照原文，作者提到自制力是解决问题的基本方法。原文 with total discipline we can solve all problems.句子意思是“具备完全的自制力，我们就能处理好所有的问题”。答案为
41、 C。4. Problems evoke in us the following feelings except _.英语二 A） embarrassmentB） regretC） painD） anxiety答疑编号 506430050204【正确答案】A【答案解析】原文中作者列举了当我们遇到困难时，会出现的一系列感受，如：grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, or despair. 作者没有提到 embarrassment（尴尬）。答案为 A。5. The author sugge
42、sts that problems _ the growth of the human spirit.A） stopB） discourageC） encourageD） slow down答疑编号 506430050205【正确答案】C【答案解析】最后一段第五句 When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems. 句子意思是“当我们渴望鼓励人文精神的发展时，我们挑战并鼓励人类解决问题的能力。”答案
43、为C。 Building Your VocabularySection ADirections: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brackets.1. Angela wished she could think of some words of _ for her friend, but her mind was a complete blank. （wise, wisdom）答疑编号 506430050206【正确答案】wisdom【答案解析
44、】首先判断介词 of后应填入名词形式。wise 形容词，意思是“聪明的、明智的”；wisdom 名词，意思是“智慧”。words of wisdom 可以理解为“智慧箴言”。句意是“安吉拉想写些智慧箴言给她的朋友，但她的脑子却一片空白。”答案为 wisdom。2. She has been _ ignoring him all day. （deliberate, deliberately）答疑编号 506430050207【正确答案】deliberately【答案解析】此处动词 ignore 前需要一个副词修饰。deliberate 动词，意思是“蓄意、故意”；deliberately 副词，
45、意思是“蓄意地、故意地”。句意是“她一整天都故意漠视他的存在。”答案为 deliberately。英语二 3. Waiting for exam results is a time of great _. （anxiety, anxious）答疑编号 506430050208【正确答案】anxiety【答案解析】此处应填入名词，由前边的 great修饰。great anxiety 可理解为“非常焦虑”。anxious 形容词，意思是“焦虑的、忧虑的”；anxiety 名词，意思是“焦虑、忧虑”。句意是“等待考试结果这个过程让人非常焦虑。”答案为 anxiety。4. There is a ge
46、neral _ that things will soon get better. （belief, believe）答疑编号 506430050209【正确答案】belief【答案解析】句子缺少宾语，因此此处应填入名词成分。belief 名词，意思是“相信、信心”；believe 动词，意思是“相信”。句意是“大家都相信，情况很快就会好转。”答案为belief。5. He looked distinctly _ when the subject was mentioned. （comfortable, uncomfortable）答疑编号 506430050210【正确答案】uncomfor
47、table【答案解析】comfortable“舒服的”和 uncomfortable“不安的”，二者均为形容词，并互为反义词。根据题意，这里选择 uncomfortable更合适。句意是“当此事被提及，他显得很不安。”答案为 uncomfortable。6. Is there a French word that is the exact _ of the English word “home“? （equal, equivalent）答疑编号 506430050211【正确答案】equivalent【答案解析】the exact equivalent of word 可理解为“意思完全一样的词”。equal 和equivalent都可以做名词。equal 表示“平等”，而 equivalent 表示“对等物”。句意是“法语里能找到和英语家这个词意思完全一样的词吗？”答案为 equivalent。Section BDirections: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.distingui
