1、苏州大学研究生英语读写佳境（研一）课后习题翻译Unit21、 The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. 长期激烈争论的安乐死问题最近已演变为激烈的公众大讨论，正反双方都声称对维护最终的正义负有责任。2、 And so the euthanasists have begun to press their c
2、ase with greater force.因此这些安乐死的支持者已经开始更加大肆地宣扬他们的依据是多么的确凿。3、Cancer patients and sufferers from multiple sclerosis are the most frequent subjects of euthanasia in Holland, 癌症病人和各种软组织硬化的患者在荷兰是最容易成为“安乐死” 的对象人群。4、 Last fall 19 distinguished British doctors wrote an open letter calling for the legalizatio
3、n of euthanasia for AIDS patients in the advanced stages of their illness.去年秋天有 19 位著名的英国医生写了一封公开信，号召对已经进入晚期的艾滋病病人实行安乐死合法化。5、 Some zealous actions by pro-euthanasists have supplied ammunition to those who contend that legalizing active voluntary euthanasia would be the sin edge of the wedge for a va
4、riety of abuses.那些安乐死支持者某些狂热举动反而为那些人提供了反击他们的依据，那些人辩称说志愿安乐死的合法化会遭人肆意滥用尔酿成大祸。6、 Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safe guards.即使在荷兰，议会上的议案也只是将安乐死局限在很少的病例上，甚至对那些已经具备严密安全防范措施的病例也要
5、围绕它们反复论证。Unit31、 Apart from marriage ,a journey to a new place , a drive on the road ,a ride in an airplane ,a business transaction ,even a chance remark may result immediately or ultimately in tragedy.除了结婚之外，旅行去新的地方，在路上驾驶，乘坐飞机，签署商业合约甚至是无意中说的话都可能很快的导致最终的悲剧。2、 To many of us,gambling is,in many case ,
6、a non-tosic drug against boredom and apathy,and may well help preserve good temper, patience and optimism, which will du us a world of good.对我们很多人来说，赌搏在许多的情况下，是抵制乏味和冷漠的无毒的药，有助于我们保持良好的心态，具有耐心和乐观向上，而这些能给我们带来极大好处。3、 As a matter of fact, few of us have the right to condemn gambling as few of us can say
7、that they never gambleeven if it is only investing a few pence in a football sweep or a “lucky dip”.事实上没有人有权利谴责赌搏因为没有人敢说曾他们从不赌搏，即使是花一点点钱投资在足球彩票上或是摸彩带。4、 If a man makes gambling an obsessionalmost a form of insanityhe will not only lose his property gained through years of toil ,he will also lose his
8、 dignity and conscience . Far worse is the suffering of his dependentshis parents ,wife and children ,who are constantly deprived of their material comforts and mental peace .如果一个人迷恋赌搏达到了疯狂的程度，他不仅仅失去多年辛勤工作得来的财富，而且也会失去他的尊严和良心。更糟的是他的家人，他的父母和妻儿，会饱受折磨，他们被夺去了物质上的舒适和精神上的安宁。5、 That is to say, if one sticks
9、 to his limits, it is more a game of fun than the root of all evils.就是说如果一个人赌之有度，那么赌博就是一个饶有趣味的游戏，而不是万恶之根源。6、 We can accomplish this by encouraging an interest in so many other activities that gambling itself will lose its fascination as an opiate to a colorless and dreary existence.我们为了达到能够控制赌博的目标，我
10、们鼓励了如此多的活动的兴趣，以致于赌博本身也会丢掉他的吸引力，不能成为调节无聊乏味生活的一个良方。Unit51、 The search for an answer brings you face to face with (直面)problems that are at once both the bane and lifeblood of virtually all research into human emotions. You may think the social context of the emotion is obvious; but then you realize tha
11、t people laugh when theyre nervous as well as amused, disappointed as well as joyous, and sometimes simply because someone else is laughing.对这个答案的搜寻使得我们直面这样的问题：对人类情感好坏的研究。你可以想象情感的社会环境显而易见，但是你会意识到人们在他们紧张、高兴、失望、快乐时，甚至有时仅仅因为其它人在笑也会笑。2、 You may also set out with the belief that the emotion has evolved i
12、nto something rather sophisticated, requiring the brains conscious, cognitive centers to respond to subtle social indications like punch lines; but then you realise that most people cannot will themselves to laugh command or suppress an unwanted attack of the giggles.你也许开始相信这种情感已发展为某种相当复杂的东西。要求大脑的变化
13、，认知中心对像妙语这样的微妙的话语作出回应。然后你会认识到大多数人不能强迫自己笑或者压抑不必要的自然而然笑的来袭。3、 Indeed ,studies have shown that people are thirty times more likely to laugh in social settings than when they are alone, in the absence of pseudo-social stimuli like television. Even nitrous oxide, or laughing gas , loses much of its power
14、 if taken in solitude , says Willibald Ruch, a psychologist at the University of Dusseldorf.实际上，研究表明，人们在社交场合比他们独处时笑笑三十倍，在缺少电视机这样的虚拟社会刺激物的情况下。如果一个人在独处时吸入的话，甚至，氧化氮或是说笑气，也会失去它的作用，4、 To many researchers, laughter is about strengthening social bonds. This feedback “loop” of bonding-laughter-more bonding,
15、 plus the desire not to be singled out from the group, may explain why laughter is often contagioussometimes dramatically so .对很多研究者而言，笑正在加强社会沟通与联系。 “当人们舒适的与其它人在一起，当他们开放和自由的时间笑就会发生。笑得越多，彼此间的联系就越密。 ”Mahadev Apte 说的。人们之间紧密联系会造成人们更多紧密的联系，这样环环相扣的循环，加上人们不愿意单单从组织上挑出的愿望，有助于解释笑是有传染性的，又非常的强。5、 Politicians an
16、d other public speakers understand the power of laughter to break down harriers and forge a connection with their audience. By inviting the audience to join him in laughter, Kennedy bridged much of the social gapbetween his wealthy ,noble status and ordinary voters. Almost every atter-dinner speaker
17、 opens with a joks for similar reason.政治家和其他的公共研究者明白笑的力量能消除隔阂并和观众建立联系。Morreall 说肯尼迪总统很大部分魅力是自嘲。通过让观众与他一起笑，肯尼迪消除了他富有、高贵的身份与普通选民之间的社会差异。几乎每次餐后演讲者以笑话作开场白是因为相似的原因。6、 But laughter can exclude as well as include, as another American president learnt to his cost.笑不仅仅增强联系也要可以让人排除在外，这是另一位美国总统付出代价意识到的。7、 Grun
18、er believes that laughter originated from(起源于 come from) the cry of triumph and mock that a fighter might utter when he defeats his foe .Grune 他相信笑起源于胜利的呐喊声和一个战士击败敌人后发出的嘲弄的叫喊声。8、 In the end,though, a convincing explanantion of why people laugh must wait for more and better data.最后，人们为什么笑的令人信服的解释必须有待
19、更多更好的数据来证明。Unit71、 That cultural imperialism is said to impose American values as well as products, promote the commercial at the expense of the authentic, and substitute shallow gratification for deeper satisfaction.文化帝国主义据说是将美国的价值观念以及文化产品强加于人，真实的促进商业的而牺牲，并且用肤浅的得意来取代更高层次的满足。2、 Globalization not onl
20、y increases individual freedom, but also revitalizes cultures and cuntural artifacts through foreign influences, technologies, and markets. Thirving cultures are not set in stone.全球化不仅增加个性自由，而且通过国外影响技术和市场。繁荣上升的文化并非一成不变。3、In some ways,America is an outlier, not a global leader. Most of the world has
21、adopted the metric system borm from the French Revolution; America persists with antiquated measurements inherited from its British-colonial past.从某种意义上讲，美国只是个局外人，而不是一个领导者。世界大部分地区已采用了源于法国大革命时期的公制；而美国坚持使用来自英国殖民地过去的老掉牙的度量衡。3、 Local fare glues more eyeballs to TV screens than American programs. Althoug
22、h nearly three-quarters of television drama exported worldwide comes from the United States, most countries favorite shows are homegrown.当地节目远比美国的电视节目吸引更多的眼球。虽然世界上出口的电视剧中接近四分之三来自美国，大多数国家的最受喜爱的节目仍然是国产的。4、 With one big exception:cinema. Yet Hollywoods hegemony is not as worrisome as people think. Note
23、 first that Hollywood is less American than it seems. To some extent, then, Hollywood is a global industry that just happens to be in America. Rather than exporting Americana, it serves up pap to a global audience.只有一个大的例外，那就是电影，然而好莱坞的一统天下并非如人们认为的那样可怕。要首先注意好莱坞并不像他看起来那样美国化。从某种程度上讲，好莱坞刚巧在美国是一个全球性产业。它不
24、是在出口美国价值观念，而是在服务大众，吸引全球观众。5、 Germans once objected to soccer because it was deemed English; Now their soccer team is emblematic of national pride.德国人曾抵制过英式足球，因为它被认为是英国的东西，现在他们的足球队是民族自豪的象征。6、 English may be all-conquering outside America, but in some parts of the United States, it is now second to Sp
25、anish.英语在美国之外的地区兴许是所向披靡的，但是在美国的某些地区，它现在屈从于西班牙语。9、 Individuals are forming new communities, linked by shared interests and passions, that cut across national borders. Friendships with foreigners met on holiday. Scientists sharing ideas over the Internet. Environmentalists campaigning together using e
26、-mail. House-music loves swapping tracks online. Greater individualism does not spell the end of community.个人正在形成新的社区，通过由共同的兴趣和激情连接起来，与跨越国界，与在假期中遇到的外国人结成友谊。科学家们通过因特网互享思想。环境保护主义者通过伊妹儿共同行动。家庭音乐爱好者在网上互相交换网址。更大的“个体主义” 并不意味着社团的终结。10、 People may lament the passing of old ways. Indeed, many of the worries
27、about globalization echo age-old fears about decline, a lost golden age, and so on.人们或许哀叹老方式的逝去。实际上很多对全球化的担忧只是重复了由来已久的担忧关于对逝去的黄金时代的担忧。Unit91、Few understand the magniude of the potential tragedy; fewer still have a good idea of what to do sbout it.没有几个人能理解这场潜在的悲剧的深度和广度，更没有人知道该如何面对这问题。3、 The Titanics
28、passengers were mainly innocent victims, but the dilemma now facing society is largely of our own making.And for us,there is still hope.泰坦尼克上的乘客主是无辜的受害者，但人类社会现今所面临的困境很大程度上是我们自己造成的。对我们而言，仍然有希望。4、 The 20 years since that meeting have seen the birth of a worldwide environmental movement, the emergence
29、of thousands of grass-roots environmental organizations, and the proliferation of environmental laws and regulations in nations around the world.自从那次会议的 20 年里，目睹了全球环保运动的产生，数千个草根阶层环境保护组织的出现，在世界范围内普及了环境保护法律法规。5、 These fundamental assaults on the atmosphere are caused almost entirely by rich nations th
30、at use most of the fossil and ozone-depleting chemicals. Yet, the long-term costs will be borne by humanity as a whole.对大气造成的根本性攻击破坏主要是富国造成的起因，富国使用大量的石化燃料和化学物品促使臭氧层的耗尽，然后长期的代价却要整个人类来承担。5、I many nations, environmental degradation is now recognized as a key barrier to governments ability to meet basic
31、 needs and sustain living standards.在许多国家，环境恶化现在被认作制约政府满足基本需要，维持生活水平的关键因素。6、 Stabilizing the climate, for example, depends on restructuring national energy policies. Getting the brakes on population growth requires fundamental changes in social values and services. So far, only a handful of countrie
32、s have undertaken such initiatives.但是这些措施本身并不能恢复地球健康稳定气候。例如，重新建构国家能源政策，减缓人口增长要求我们从根本性转变社会价值观和政府服务部门职能。目前，一把抓的很少，只有少数几个国家采取行动。7、 The growth in Third World jobs has fallen short of population growth, leaving tens of millions unemployed and hundreds of millions underemoployed. Even more people lack acc
33、ess to clean water, adequate health care, and a full and balanced diet.第三世界的工作岗位低于人口增长，有千万的人口没有就业，有百万的人没有充分就业，更多的人们缺乏干净的水，充分的医疗条件，和充足的平衡的饮食。8、 Once the self-reinforcing trends of environmental degradation and deepening poverty are too deeply established, only a superhuman effort could break the cycle and reverse the trend.一旦环境恶化和日益加剧的贫困之间形成的自我强化趋势根深蒂固，只有超人的力量，才能打破恶性循环，扭转局势。
