1、本单元语法：过去完成时。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间点以前即“过去的过去” 已经发生的动作。Mr.Blacktoldmethathehadseenthemoviethreetimes.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去” 。过去完成时的结构是：肯定由“ 助动词 had(用于各种人称和数)+过去分词” 构成否定式：hadnot+ 过去分词缩写形式：hadnt过去完成时的时间状语：表示过去某一时间可用 by,before 等构成的短语。bythetime bytheendofWehadfinishedourhomeworkbefore10
2、oclock.可能通过 when,before 等引导的从句表示。WhenIgotthere,thetrainhadleft.过去某一时间通过上下文来表示。Katehadntstudiedhard,soshedidntpasstheexamyesterday.【语法归纳】过去完成时与现在完成时的区别两者主要区别是时间的参照点不同：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的” 时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是“ 现在”。因此现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。例句：WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfiveminutes.当我到达电影院时，电影已演了五
3、分钟了。（got 是一个过去的“ 时间点 ”，电影“开始”在我“到达”之前，是“过去的过去” 。因为 forfiveminutes为延续一段的时间状语，应用可延续的系表结构 beon 的过去完成时形式。 ）注：过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“ 过去的过去” ，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它，因此当原句中若找不到一个“ 过去的时间” 作为参照点时，是不能用过去完成时的。例句：Hegottotherailwaystationandsuddenlyrealizedthathehadforgottentobringhisticket.他到了火车站后忽然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。 （“忘记
4、” 这一动作在“ 意识到”这一动作之前。 ）1.bythetime+时间状语从句（1）时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时时（表示将来） ，主句用将来完成时；（2）时间状语从句是一般过去式时，主句用过去完成时。bytheendof+时间点（1）+ 过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；（2）+ 将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时；by+时间点（1）+ 现在的时间点，主句用现在完成时；（2）+ 过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；（3）+ 将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时。Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.BythetimeJanegetshome,herauntwi
5、llhaveleftforBeijing.Bytheendoflastyear,IhadstayedinXinzhengforsevenyears.Bynow,Ihavefinishedallmyhomework.2.leave 与 forget 的用法:(1)leave“遗留，落下，忘记带”，侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；(2)forget“忘记”，侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟 todo(忘了要去做)或 doing(忘了做过)。remembertodorememberdoing?leaveleftleftv 离开(1)leavesth+地点把某物遗忘在某地(2)leavefo
6、r+地点(目的地)离开去某地(3)leaveamessage 留言 askforleave 请假 leaveschool(中学)毕业(4)leaveonebyoneself=leavesb.alone 把某人单独留下3.when 的特殊用法“ 这时，突然”，用于四种结构1)bedoingsth.whenIwasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.2)beonthepointofdoingsth.whenShewasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthetelephonerang3)beabouttodosth.whenWewereabout
7、tostartwhenitbegantorain.4).sb.hadhardly/scarcely/barelydonesth.whenWehadhardlyfallenasleepwhenthebellrang.另：beaboutto 忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与 when 引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。4.befullof=befilledwith 充满，装满 fillwithThebasketisfullofapples.=Thebasketisfilledwithapples.5.get/go/come/bebacktoschool=returntos
8、chool 意为“ 回到学校”1)getbackto 后接表地点的名词，意为“回到某地”;2)getbackto 后面接人,可引申为“ 回复某人的信件，电子邮件，电话”等；3)getback 还可表示“回来，返回，拿回，取回 ”等含义。4)giveback=return 归还6.Myalarmclockdidntgooff!gooff 发出响声,(闹钟)闹响 Thealarmwentoffjustnow.goover 复习 goaway 离开 goby(时间)过去 goforawalk 出去散步 goon 继续 go+doing 去做某事gofishing/shopping/skating/s
9、wimming 去钓鱼/去买东西/ 去溜冰/去游泳7.waitinlinewith 意为“与排队等候”standinline 站成一排 cutinline 插队8.evenif/eventhough/though/although 都可以引导让步状语从句。Evenif=eventhough“即使、纵然” 引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握很大的事情though“虽然”，引出的从句叙述的是事实。IwilltryevenifImayfail.Thoughitwasverylate,hewentonworking.注though 和 but 不能同时出现在句中。9.alive,living,live 与
10、livelylively1）live?“活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的” 。例如：a?live?fish?一条活鱼。Do?you?like?a?live?show?or?a?recorded?show?2）living 意为 “活着”强调说明“尚在人间”， “健在 ”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：.My?first?teacher?is?still?living?.English?is?a?living?language?.A?living?language?should?be?learned?through?listening?and?spea
11、king?.He?is?regarded?as?one?of?the?best?living?writers?at?present?.注意：living?前加上?the?,?表示类别，指“活着的人们” 。例如：The?living?must?finish?the?work?of?those?dead?.?living?还可用于短语，例如：make?a?living?bydoing 谋生。3） alive?意为“ 活着” ，侧重说明生与死之间的界限(本来会死但没有死)，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。例如：He?is?dead?,?but?his?dog?is?still?al
12、ive?.?He?wanted?to?keep?the?fish?alive.?Thisisafishalive.4）lively?则意为“ 活泼的”， “活跃” ， “充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如：Jenny?is?a?lively?girl?.?Everything?is?lively?here?.?这儿一切都生机勃勃。He?had?a?strange?way?of?making?his?classes?lively?and?interesting?.?live 物 定语 现场的living 人/物 定语、表语 Makealiving/thelivingal
13、ive 人/物 后置定语、表语、宾补 生与死的界限lively 人/物 定语、表语、宾补 生气勃勃的,无活着的意思。10.TheotherplaneswerefullsoIhadtowaittillthenextday.till 意为“到，直到 ”，相当于 until.用于肯定句时,主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到 till 或 until 表示的时间为止，意为“ 直到为止” 。ShewatchedTVtillhermothercameback用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到 till或 until 所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到（
14、才） ”。ShedidntwatchTVtillhermothercameback.11.showup 出席 onshow=ondisplay 展览 showoff 炫耀 showsb.around 带某人参观showsb.sth=showsthtosb 向某人展示某物12.playtricksonsb.捉弄某人 playjokesonsb.对某人开玩笑 laughat 嘲笑 makefunof 取笑13.Manypeoplerantotheirlocalsupermarketstobuyasmuchspaghettiastheycould.as+adj./adv.+assb.can/coul
15、d=as+adj./adv.+aspossible.尽可能的Wemustdoeverythingaspossible.=Wemustdoeverythingaswellaswecan.14.sellout 卖光（用物作主语时，常用于被动语态 besoldout）giveout 分发=handout 分发 workout 解答出（人）runoutof 用完（物）runout 用完 goout 出去findout 查明 lookout=becareful=takecare 当心 takeout 拿出 putout 熄灭 cutout 删除15.findout,lookfor 与 find(1)fi
16、ndout 强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。如：Pleasefindoutwhenthetrainleaves.(2)lookfor 意为“寻找”，强调寻找的过程。(3)find 意为“发现，找到”，强调寻找的结果。16.endupdoingsth.（以）结束；Imustmakegooduseofmysparetime,orIwillendupdoingnothing.endupas 最终成为Hestartedasanemployeeandendedupasheadofthefirm.endupsth.表示“结束某事”Thescientistendeduphisspeechatl
17、ast.endupwithsth.（以）结束ThestudentsbeganwithspeakingEnglish,butendedupwithspeakingChinese.attheendof 在末尾 intheend=atlast=finally 最后17.marryv 嫁娶(1)AmarryB.“A 与 B 结婚”BillmarriedMaryonJanuary1,1994.(2)AandBgetmarried=AandBaremarriedA 和 B 结婚getmarried 结婚 KateandTomgetmarriedlastyear.(3)marryAtoB“把 A 嫁给 B”
18、Shemarriedherdaughtertoarichman.(4)be/getmarriedtosb 与结婚18.hear 短语hear 可用作及物动词，表示 “听到”、 “听见” ，侧重于听的结果。如：Imverysorrytohearthat.hear 后面还可以跟 that 从句，Ihearthatyouvebeenhereforseveralyears.(2)hearof/about 是指间接地“听到”“ 听说” 后接名词性质的词。如：Ihaveneverheardofhimbefore.我以前从来没有听说过他。hearof 与 hearabout 的意义相近它们含有“听人说起”
19、， “从书报上看到关于”等意义Iveneverheardofhim.我从来没有听说过他。Haveyouheardabouthimfromanywhere?你从什么地方听到过他吗？(3)hearfromsb.=get/receivealetterfromsb.指“收到的来信”其宾语应是人，而不是信。如：Ioftenhearfrommyparents.我经常收到父母的来信。19.get/bedressed 穿衣服wear 穿，戴（强调状态）宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。Youdbetterwearblueorblackpantswithblownshoes.puton 穿，戴（强调动作）后
20、接衣服、鞋帽等。Iwantyoutoputonthiscoatandthishat.dress 给 穿衣服宾语通常是人，意思是 “给穿衣服”。dressoneself 或 getdressed 表示给自己穿衣服。Itstimetowakeupandgetdressed!in 后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。Hewasinanewblackcoat.Thegirlinredismysister.20.keep 用法 1.keep+形容词2.keep+sth/sb+形容词3.keep+doing 一直做某事4.keep/stop/preventsbf
21、romdoing.阻止做某事。 。 。5.keepapet 饲养一个宠物6.HowlongmayIkeepthisbook？keep 指借。二、单词拼写 (单句首字母填空)（共 20 小题；共 20 分）21.Io?thismorning,becausemyalarmclockdidntgooff.22.Luckily,thepeopletrappedintheb?buildingwerehelpedout.23.Hewasntdeadafterthetrafficaccident(交通事故)andstilla? now.24.Mr.Wanga?thatwewellhaveapicnictom
22、orrow.25.Whataf?Iwastobelieveheisagoodman!26.Thebeautifulsceneofthatmountainvillagewillprobablyd?foreverbecauseofpollution.27.Herd?aboutthewildanimalswillchangepeoplestraditionalideaabouttheirbehaviors.28.Afterthebellr?,allthestudentsrushedoutoftheirclassrooms.29.Thedoctorskeptonsavingtheoldmant?hew
23、okeup.30.Perhapshelldresshimselfupasaclowninthec?party.31.Ihavenevero?,butyesterdaymyalarmclockdidntgooff.32.Thechildb?hisfingerswhileplayingwithamatchyesterday.33.Hewasstilla?afterheexperiencedtheterribleearthquake.34.Mr.Wanga?thatwewouldhaveapicnictomorrow.35.Itsreportedthatlotsofpeopleweref?bythe
24、hoax.36.IdidnttakephotosoftheUFO,becausetheUFOhadd?beforeItookoutthecamera.37.Manynewd?weremadewiththehelpofacompass.38.Sheoftenwearsapairofearr?.39.Weplayedfrombreakfastt?lunch.40.Afriendonceinvitedmetoac?party.三、单词拼写 (根据中文提示拼写单词)（共 20 小题；共 20 分）41.Assheisill,wehaveto?(取消)ourtriptotheWestLake.42.Le
25、tshopeourdifficultieswillsoon?(消失).43.Shemadesomanymistakeswhenshegaveaspeechthatshefeltvery?(尴尬的).44.Itisanew?(发现)inscience.45.Theoldladykeptthelittledog?(活着)byfeedingitwarmmilk.46.Tommissedtheearlybusbecausehe?(睡过头).47.ThepresidentofAmerica?(宣布)thatthewarinIraqhadstopped.48.Sheisthepublicinformati
26、on?(官员).49.I?(取消)myappointmentwithadentistyesterday.50.Whenspringcomes,iceandsnowwill?(消失).51.Hecouldntanswertheteachersquestion.Hefelt?(尴尬的).52.Manynew?(发现)weremadewiththehelpofcompass.53.Wemustworkhardwhenweare?(活着的).54.I?(睡过头)thismorningsothatIwaslateforschool.55.They?(宣布)thattheyhadfoundthemurde
27、rerlastweek.56.Whatdidthe?(官员)saytoyourfather?57.Imafraidwehaveto?(取消)themeeting.58.Whenspringcomes,thesnowandice?(消失).59.Whentheylookedathiminsurprise,hefeltvery?(尴尬的).60.Thereisno?(发现)intheresearchforthecauseoftheearthquake.完形填空Tenyearsago,26-year-oldCivalMillswasjustdaysawayfromfinishinghishospit
28、alinternship(实习期)inSouthAfrica.Hewaslookingforwardtoabrightfuturein71?.Butlater,hemetacar72?.Whenhefinallywokeup,hediscoveredthathewasunabletomovea73?.Hehadlocked-insyndrome(闭锁综合征)heiscompletelyconscious(神志清醒的),yetunabletomoveanymuscleexcepthis74?.“AllIcouldhearwasthesoundofthedifferentmachineskeepi
29、ngme75?.AndwhenIfellasleepIhad76?dreams,“Dr.Millssaid.Inthedecadeyears,althoughDr.Millshasnotcompletely77?fromthecondition,hehasmadeaprogress.Hefirstlearnedto78?byusinghiseyemovementsto“type“wordsonaspellingchart.79?firstsentencewas,“Iloveyou,Mum.“Aftertwoyearsoftreatment,heregainedmovementinhisleft
30、thumb,whichheusedtofinishhisfirstbookThisTooShallPass.Now,aftermany80?ofphysicaltreatment,Dr.Millscanturnhishead.Hesrecentlycompletedanotherbook.“Ifyoulosehopeyouhavelostyourchanceforabetterfuture,“Dr.Millssaid.71.A.music B.art C.medicine D.writing72.A.sale B.accident C.show D.repair73.A.hand B.foot
31、 C.leg D.muscle74.A.mouth B.eyes C.nose D.ears75.A.slow B.alive C.happy D.strong76.A.good B.terrible C.amazing D.old77.A.recovered B.borrowed C.come D.learned78.A.see B.communicate C.change D.lock79.A.Her B.His C.My D.Our80.A.days B.weeks C.months D.years六、阅读理解AWhenDanielwokeupyesterdaymorning,hefou
32、ndhewasabitlateforschool,sohestartedrunningtocatchthebus.Momentslater,hesawadog,butnotitslead.Hetrippedovertheleadandfelldown.Hejumpedupquickly,wentonrunningandgotonthebus.Afterawhileanoldcoachbrokedowninthemiddleoftheroad,andthedrivercouldntmoveit.Itwaseightoclock,themiddleoftherushhour,soitsooncre
33、atedaterribletrafficjam.Thebusdrivertriedtogoroundthecoach.Unfortunatelyataxiwascomingintheoppositedirection.Thedrivertriedtostopthetaxi,buthecouldntpreventtheaccidentthetaxicrashedintothefrontofthebus!Luckilynobodywashurt.WhenDanielfinallygottoschooloutofbreath,thesciencelessonhadbeenonforfiveminut
34、es.Danielsaidsorrytotheteacherandsatathisdesk.Hereachedoutforhisschoolbagno,itwasnowheretobefound.“Whereismyschoolbag?“Danielwaspuzzled.Suddenlyherealizedthathehadleftitonthebus.Badluck!81.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tripped“mean?A.扔掉 B.拣起 C.绊,绊倒 D.跨越82.Whatistheorderoftheaccident?Ataxiwascomingintheo
35、ppositedirection.Thebusdriverwentroundthecoach.Anoldcoachbrokedown.Thetaxicrashedintothebus.A. B. C. D.83.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AnUnluckyDay B.AHappyDayOutC.ATrafficAccident D.AStrictTeacherCLetstrydoingthefollowingexperiment.WhattoDo:Usestringtohangapapercliporothersmallobjectataboutch
36、est(胸部)level.Pickupastick,suchasabroomhandle.Takethreeorfourstepsawayfromthepaperclip.Nowcloseoneeyeandwalktowardthepaperclip.Trytotouchitwiththetipofthestick.Ifyoumiss,tryagain,stillkeepingoneeyeclosed.Nowtryitwithbotheyesopenandseeifitseasiertodo.Howitworks:Intheexperiment,youhavetojudgehowfaraway
37、thepaperclipis.Yourbrainhasseveralwaysofdoingthis.Onesimplewaydependsonhowmuchyoureyehastofocus(聚焦)itself.Usingonlyoneeye,mostpeoplewillfinditdifficulttotouchthepapercliponthefirsttry,butthebrainstillgetssomeinformationaboutdistancethoughnotmuch.Yourbraincanjudgedistancemuchbetterwhenyoulookatsometh
38、ingwithbotheyes.Infact,yourbrainhasmorethanonewaytousebotheyesinjudgingdistance.Forexample,toseeanythingclearly,youhavetomakebothofyoureyespointattheobject.Whenyoulookatanearbyobject,youreyesturninward.Youcanfeelthishappeningifyoulookatthetipofyourfingerandmoveyourfingertowardyournose.Yourbraingetsi
39、nformationfromtheeyesabouthowmuchtheyarepointingtowardeachother.Usingthatinformation,thebraincantellhowfarawayanyobjectis,whetheritisabasketballorapaperclip.88.Howmanymaterialsdoweneedatleasttodotheexperiment?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.89.Thepassageismainlyaboutthatwitheyesourbraincanjudge?.A.ho
40、wbiganobjectisB.howhighanobjectisC.howfarawayanobjectisD.howmuchinformationanobjectis90.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Ourbrainjudgesdistanceinonewaywhenweusebotheyes.B.Ourbraincannotjudgethedistanceofasmallobjectbutabigone.C.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethesizeofanobject.D
41、.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethedistanceofanobject.91.Fromtheexperimentwecaninfer(推断) ?.A.withoneeyewecanseeanobjectasclearlyasweusetwoeyesB.oureyesturntowardstheinsidewhenwelookatanobjectverynearC.within3or4steps,theneareranobjectis,themoreclearlywecanseeitD.ourbraincanhardlygetanyinformat
42、ionaboutdistancewhenweuseoneeyeDEveryoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedontalwayswantpeoplearound.Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearethesame.Sometimesfriendsdontgetalongwell.Tha
43、tdoesntmeanthattheynolongerlikeeachother.Mostofthetimetheywillmakeup(和解)andgoonbeingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.Wemissthemverymuch.Butwecancallthemandwritetothem.Itispossiblethatwewillevenseethemagain.Andwecanmakenewfriends.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwege
44、ttoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.Manyplacesarenamedaftermenandwomenwhohavebeenfriendlytopeopleinatown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.Wethinkofthesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.Theresmoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylivelongerthanpeoplewhodont.Why?I
45、tcouldbethattheyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareofyourself.92.Thefirstparagraphtellsus?.A.nobodyneedsfriendsB.wealwaysneedfriendsaroundC.makingfriendsisaneedinpeopleslivesD.weneverneedtobealone93.?Whichofthefollowin
46、gisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.PeoplearenothappywhentheirfriendsleavethemB.PeoplewillneverseetheirfriendsaftertheirfriendsmoveawayC.PeoplecanknowtheirfriendsindifferentwaysD.Peopleliketomakenewfriendsiftheygettoknowthem94.Thepassagemainlytellsus?.A.thatpeopleneedsfriends B.thatpeopleareallfriends
47、C.howtogettoknowfriends D.hownameaplaceB.根据短文内容和所给中文提示 ,写出空白处各单词的正确形式。ThebooksaboutGregMortensonwillbeoneofyourfavorites.Theywilltakeyouonagreatadventuretooneofthehighestmountainsintheworld.You46(将会得知)howGregMortensonhelpedbuildaneducationsystemthere.WhileclimbingadifficultmountaininPakistan,GregMor
48、tensonbecame47(有病的).Hegothelpinasmallvillage.Thepeopleofthevillagetookgoodcareofhim,gavehimfoodandlethimsleepinthevillage48(领导的)house.Theyalsogavehimoneoftheirspecialtreats:49(甜的)tea.AsMortensonrecoveredfromhisillness,henoticedthatthe50(儿童)ofthevillagewenttoschooloutdoors.Theirteacheronlycamethreeti
49、mesaweekandtheydidnthave51(黑板).Theyusedstickstowritetheirlessonsinthesoil.ThedayOregleftthevillage,he52(承诺)tocomebackandbuildaschool.53(两者)boysandgirlswouldcometohisschooltostudy.Thatbecametruein1993.MortensonstartedtheCentralAsiaInstitute(CAI)to54(筹集)moneyfortheseschools.BecauseoftheCAI,hehashelpedmorethan18,000girls55(收到)educationsofar.TodayMortensonisresponsibleforbuilding80schoolsinCentralAsia.答案二、单词拼写( 单句首字母填空)21.overslept22.burning23.alive24.announces25.fool26.disappear27.discover
