1、这个好像是去年的考点和题型English literature summary填空题（主要诗人与代表作与原文填空） Earliest form of English literature: songs. The literature of Anglo-Saxon period falls into 2 divisions: Paganand Christian. The 14th century: Geoffrey Chaucer: The renaissance: William Shakespeare: four great tragedies: , , , The 17th centur
2、y John Milton: John Bunyan: John Donne: The 18th century Daniel Defoe: The only dramatist in 18th century and can compete with William: Master of Comedy of manners. Richard Brinsley Sheridan: The great satirist in 18th century Jonathan Swift: The great Scottish poets-Robert Burns: The 19th century L
3、ake School: William Wordsworth: Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Younger Generation: George Gordon Byron: Percy Bysshe Shelley: John Keats: The Victorian age Two great novelist: Charles Dickens: William Makepeace Thackeray : Charlotte Bronte: Emily Bronte: Anne Bronte: 原文填空：对错（判断题） Two writers of “the s
4、tream of consciousness”：Virginia Woolf, James Joyce Oscar Wilde: “Art of Arts Sake” Two important novels of Thomas Hardy: The 18th century: Henry Fielding: “Father of the English novel” Style: Satiric Richard Brinsley Sheridan: Master of Comedy of manners. Alexander Pope: Thomas Gray: WilliamBlake:
5、Robert Burns:19th Century English Literature-The Romantic Period Lake School: William Wordsworth (praising nature, daily life) Samuel Taylor Coleridge (mystic). The Younger Generation: George Gordon, Lord Byron(Byronic Hero)Percy Bysshe Shelley(untamed spirit)John Keats(beauty is truth, truth beauty
6、) William Wordsworth: William Wordsworths philosophy: All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling Major elements of William Wordsworths poetry: poet of nature; poet of human heart Samuel Taylor Coleridge: George Gordon Byron: -Spenserian stanza; fight against invasion and oppress
7、ion; fights for liberty Percy Bysshe Shelley: 名词解释一、诗歌体裁（sonnet, ode, elegy ） Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter, and generally expresses a single theme or idea. Ode: A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some loft
8、y or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event. Elegy: A poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type o
9、f lyric poem. 二、诗歌形式（iambic pentameter, blank verse, heroic couplet） Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poet
10、ry. Blank Verse: Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. The verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry, including that of W. Shakespeare and John Milton. Heroic couplet: rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter三、Authurian Romances Authurian Romances: It was a popular literal for
11、m during the Middle and Feudal Age of England after the invasion of France. It was about the romantic remounts happening in the class of knighthood. 四、意识流 “stream of consciousness” The stream of consciousness: It is a continuously inner movement of sense-perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories
12、 in the human minds, or literal method of representing a blending mental process in fiction characters, usually an unpunctuated or disjointed form of interior monologue.五、文学流派（renaissance, enlightenment, Romanism, critical realism） Renaissance: A cultural movement that spanned roughly from the 14th
13、to the 17th century, beginning in Florence and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The key of renaissance is humanism. Enlightenment: The Enlightenment on the whole, was an intellectual movement and an expression of struggle of the progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism in the 18th ce
14、ntury. Romanism: Romanism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the later half of the 18th century. It first made its appearance in England as a renewed interest in medieval literature. It prevailed in England during the period 17981832. Critical realism: English critical realis
15、m of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.简答文学流派（renaissance, enlightenment, Romanism, criti
16、cal realism） Renaissance: A cultural movement that spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The key of renaissance is humanism. The features of renaissance were the revival of the study of Greek and Latin authors and the keen
17、 interest in human life and human activities. The key element of renaissance was humanism. The most well-known people in this period were William Shakespeare and Francis Bacon. Their masterpieces were , and respectively. Enlightenment: The Enlightenment on the whole, was an intellectual movement and
18、 an expression of struggle of the progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism in the 18th century. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. The famous enlighteners in this period were Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift. Daniel Def
19、oe was famous for his masterpiece-while Jonathan Swift was famous for . Romanism: Romanism as a literary movement prevailed in England during the period 17981832.The publication of the Lyrical Ballads in 1798the joint work of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridgemarked the beginning of the
20、romantic age in England while it ended with Walter Scotts death in 1832. The romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata that were discontent with, and opposed to, the development of capitalism. Its an age of poetry. William Wordsworth with his masterpiece an
21、d G.G.Bayon with his masterpiece were famous in this period. Critical realism: English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticize
22、d the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.重点人物性格分析（Hamlet, Robinson, Byronic hero, ）Hamlet What caused Hamlets hesitations? Ghost only appears to him, not convincing enough maybe a malicious demon in a favorable disguiseas a prince - to set the whole “world right”; as a prince - thoughts o
23、f his people. to keep the moral integrity of an intellectual. belief of providence.Not the right time Hamlets central moral dilemma transcends the Elizabethan period, making him a man for all ages. Robinson Crusoe The most important character in Crusoe? the embodiment of Puritan spirit of hard work,
24、 indomitable will and creative labor; persistence, independence, and intelligence in the development of capitalism. Value orientationUtilitarianism, practicalismThere is an everyman in him, so every man enjoys it. Satisfaction of the need of expansion.Satisfaction of curiosity.Byronic hero whose att
25、ributes include:Of noble birth; having great talent;hiding an unsavory past; being a rebel; having a distaste for social institutions; expressing a lack of respect for rank; being an exile; being highly passionate; Untamed spirit to fight for liberty; carrying on his shoulders the burden of righting
26、 all the wrongsdramatic monologue In a dramatic moment or a crisis, the characters are made to talk about their lives, their minds and hearts. In “listening” to those one-sided talks, readers can form their own opinions and judgments about the speakers personality and about what has really happened.
27、原文选读（4 选 2） Symbols: Death-Departure. Melt-Physically and spiritually mixed together. the earthquake /the sphere-Physical separation / the union of souls in a relationship. the circle-Perfection of the relationship. Gold-Love (can spread widely and will not change for the distance). the compasses, t
28、he two feet-Combination of two lovers; closely related to each other. A relationship cannot be separated. Structure: Stanza one to two: We consider it as a “foreword“. It tells readers not only the reasons why this poem formed but also the background and situation of the poem. It talks about a man i
29、s going to leave far away and ask his lover not to be sad for their love is noble. Stanza three to five: The speaker convinced his lover by telling her that his departure will not change their love for their love is based on inter-assured of the minds, not on physical contact, such as eyes, lips and
30、 head. Stanza five to the last: The speaker uses two metaphors to imply their love: one is the endless expansion of gold (no matter how far they are apart, they are always together.) Metaphor of the compasses (which its two legs are combined together whenever): their closely related and inseparable relationship. Even one part of them are separated, the other parts are still together. Plot Summary 讲故事（6 选 2）
