1、1 Unit 4 Cyberspace（A） (35分钟) .阅读理解 A (2017北京卷) Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we reall
2、y want.In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener,who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论),put it this way:“If we use,to achieve our purposes,a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干 预),we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the
3、 purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality,one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence.For the machine,this quality is not in-born,nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple
4、 fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee,it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.If we are not care
5、ful,then,we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined,super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own,with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.Some resea
6、rchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall,using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.Unfortunately,that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans,let alone super intell
7、igent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines.But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand,as it has been by some AI researchers.Some argu
8、e that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans.Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.Still others think that super intelligent AI wi
9、ll never happen.On September 11,1933,famous physicist Ernest Rutherford 2 stated,with confidence,“Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However,on September 12,1933,physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain react
10、ion. 1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may . A.run out of human control B.satisfy humans real desires C.command armies of killer robots D.work faster than a mathematician 2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to
11、 . A.prevent themselves from being destroyed B achieve their original goals independently C.do anything successfully with given orders D.beat humans in international chess matches 3.According to some researchers,we can use firewalls to . A.help super intelligent machines work better B.be secure agai
12、nst evil human beings C.keep machines from being harmed D.avoid robots affecting the world 4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines? A.It will disappear with the development of AI. B.It will get worse with human interference. C.It will be solved but with diffi
13、culty. D.It will stay for a decade. B (2017天津重点中学4月八校联考) The weather affects many aspects of peoples daily life.Knowing and understanding what the weather is doing is useful. However,the weather is also one of the most unpredictable elements in the world.Although many people watch the morning news a
14、nd gather the information about the weather,this is often wrong.Whole days can be ruined by believing that the weather will be one thing,when it turns out to be another.However,owning wireless weather stations allows the owners to monitor the weather for themselves. Not only will these weather stati
15、ons allow the owners to see what the weather is doing,but it is personalized to them and their area.Wireless weather stations are specifically prepared for the immediate neighborhood.Plans will be able to be made,and important decisions will no longer be ruined by bad weather.3 Although these weathe
16、r stations are typically seen in homes,they can also be used very easily on farms and fishing boats.Both farmers and fishermen rely on the weather for their business and using up-to-date weather information is quite indispensable.By using the wireless weather stations,it can determine for them when
17、to harvest crops and head back to the shore.Due to the size of the weather stations,they can be moved very easily and used wherever is necessary for people. The wireless weather stations are great for all homes,especially for areas that suffer from extreme weather conditions. The up-to-date,instant
18、weather reports will allow a person to monitor what the weather is doing and if the bad weather is heading in their direction.Extreme weather tends to come very quickly;therefore,any information that is received is helpful. The weather stations are very simple to set up and are run by solar panels (
19、太阳 能电池板),ensuring they will work even if there is a power cut.They are far smaller than those in previous years and give a couple of very simple read-outs for the owner.They are easy to use and fascinating to understand. 5.From Paragraph 2,the author intends to . A.show us how unpredictable the weat
20、her used to be B.explain the value of having wireless weather stations C.make it clear how popular the morning news is D.show how people got weather information in the past 6.What does the underlined word “indispensable” in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Essential. B.Indifferent. C.Attractive. D.Impossible. 7.W
21、hat can we learn about a wireless weather station? A.The information it provides is slow but more specific. B.It is hard to set up but can be moved from one place to another. C.It is economical and saves money in the long run. D.It can continue to work even if there is a power failure. 8.Whats the m
22、ain idea of the text? A.The weather and its effects on peoples daily life. B.The weatherthe most unpredictable element in the world. C.Good reasons for having wireless weather stations. D.The importance of knowing and understanding the weather. 导学号07020014 .七选五 (2017安徽四校联考) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最
23、佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。4 Avoid Internet Addiction1 Many people suffer from addiction to the Internet and have a hard time paying attention to the important things around them.How can we prevent ourselves from going online too much? Admit you have an addiction. 2 Realize more and more people in the world ar
24、e becoming addicted.You are not the only one with this problem.Do not be embarrassed;find others with the same problem and help each other beat it. Limit your computer time.Make sure not to turn it on too many times a week.Before using your computer,decide on a time limit such as 30 minutes.Set the
25、clock and make sure that you get off the computer when the time is up. 3 Try using the computer at the library.You wont be as attracted to look at certain websites and they do have a limit on how long you can stay online. 4 .So you wont be as attracted to be on the Internet as at home. 5 Go for a ru
26、n with a friend or get exercise some other way.Keep up with the local events in your neighborhood.There may be talks,films,concerts and sports events etc.Find some,as long as it is not on the Internet,and get involved. A.You will be happier if you use the Internet less. B.There is no use avoiding th
27、e truth. C.Also,it is a good place to get some good books and magazines to read. D.Get a hobby or an interest. E.Internet addiction affects a lot of people. F.Get your friends to remind you if youve been on a long time. G.Try to reduce the amount of time by 5 minutes each time. 导学号07020015 .短文改错 假定英
28、语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。 This morning I saw off my aunt at railway station.There were many passenger in the waiting room.I saw a
29、n old lady crying sad because she had lost her ticket and was not able to afford another one.I was thinking about helping her when a man come up to comfort her.Then he bought her a ticket with his own money.The old lady was so moving that she could hardly say a word.She grasped her hand and asked fo
30、r his name or 5 address.But he only smiled and said,“Its my pleasure.” Then he left away quickly.I was greatly moved by so a man he warmed others with his love. 答案： .A 【语篇导读】人工智能产品日新月异,层出不穷,但人们开始担心超智能机器的安全问题。因为情 况一旦失控,后果将无法想象。 1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段内容,尤其是第二句“The real problem relates to the possibility that
31、 artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.”可推断出,人工智能产品的发展很可能将会超出 人类的控制范围。 2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality,one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence
32、.”可知,有特殊用途的机器和生物一样,也会防止自身遭到毁灭。 3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Some researchers argue that we can.to affect the real world.”可知,一些研究人员认为,我们可以使用防火墙把机器人封闭起来,避免它们影响我 们生活的现实世界。 4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知作者认为,超智能机器的安全问题不 是不可以解决
33、,但解决难度很大。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。你是否计划好要做某事,却因天气变化而未能如愿?有了无线气 象站你就可以很好地监测即时天气,从而合理地安排好后面的活动了。 5.B 写作意图题。文章第一段说明了天气会影响人们生活的各个方面,了解天气状况十分有用;接 着在第二段作者提出了拥有无线天气站可以让拥有者自己监测天气。故作者写作该段旨在说明无 线天气站的价值。 6.A 词义猜测题。该段前一句说明尽管天气站特别地会出现在家里,它们也会在农场及渔船上被 看到,故后面说明的是农民和渔夫依靠天气来开展他们的事务,运用及时更新的天气信息对他们来 说是“必要的”,故选A项。 7.D 推理判断题。根
34、据文章最后一段第一句“The weather stations are very simple to set up and are run by solar panels (太阳能电池板),ensuring they will work even if there is a power cut.”可知,天气站在没有电的情况下也可以工作。 8.C 主旨大意题。该文重点介绍了无线天气站给人们生活所带来的便利,故C项很好地概括了文 章主题。 .【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种戒除网瘾的方法。 15 EBGCD . This morning I saw off my aunt at rail
35、way station.There were many in the waiting room.I saw an old lady crying because she had lost her 6 ticket and was not able to afford another one.I was thinking about helping her when a man up to comfort her.Then he bought her a ticket with his own money.The old lady was so that she could hardly say a word.She grasped hand and asked for his name address.But he only smile and said,“Its my pleasure.” Then he left quickly.I was greatly moved by a man warmed others with his love.
