1、第四学时Grammar,Friendship,直接引语和间接引语(1)一、概念1直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，如果引用的是原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语。例如：The teacher asked，“Do you like English？”The girl said，“I like English very much.”注意：引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。,2间接引语：当我们要引用别人的话语时，可以用自己的话把意思转述过来，被转述的部分叫做间接引语。例如：The teacher asked the girl if she liked English.The
2、 girl said that she liked English very much.注意：间接引语不用逗号、引号；间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。,二、直接引语变间接引语的规则,巧学助记：直接引语变为间接引语的口诀(1)当直接引语为陈述句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活。时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。(2)当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀：去掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住。时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。,(3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变间接引语的记忆口诀：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉。小心助动词，去它最重要。(4)人称代
3、词的变化口诀：“一随三”。若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称相一致。“二随宾”。若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。“第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。,三、时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化；如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。,四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化,五、直接引语变间接引语时态“五不变”原则,一、将下列句子由直接引语变成间接引语。1She said to me，“Im playing computer games
4、now.” She_ playing computer games_.2Katty said，“I will pick you up at nine.” Katty said _pick _up at nine.3“Have you finished repairing the machine？”she asked. She asked _repairing the machine.4“My father bought me a dictionary last week.”said Tom. Tom said that_ _ _ dictionary_ _ _.,1told，me，she，wa
5、s，then2.she，would，me3if，I，had，finished4his，father，had，bought，him，the，week，before,5“Recently，Ive been working on my thesis on noise pollution.”Joe said.Joe said_ working on _ thesis on noise pollution recently.6The teacher said，“Time flies. Time and tide wait for no man.”The teacher said time_；time a
6、nd tide _for no man.7Tom asked me “Have you seen that movie yet？” Tom asked me _that movie already.8He asked，“Where are you getting off，Tom？” He asked _ getting off.,5he，had，been，his6.flies，wait7If/whether，I，had，seen8.Tom，where，he，was,二、完成下列句子。1他告诉母亲如果有足够的时间，他会去游泳。He_ mother that if he_ enough time，
7、he_.2他问我们汤姆是昨天还是今天离开的。He_ us_ Tom_ that day or _.3他对我说，“我把书留在你的房间里了。”He_ me，“_book in_ room.”,1told his；had；would go swimming2asked；whether；had left；the day before3said to；I left；your,4父亲问彼得，“你昨晚什么时候睡觉的？”Father_ Peter，“_to bed _？”5小女孩大声回答道：“太阳从东边升起，西边落下！”The little girl _loudly，“The sun _in the east
8、 and _in the west.”,4asked；when did you go；last night5replied/answered；rises；sets,三、语法填空When I was 16 years old，I made my first visit to the United States. It wasnt the first time I _1_(be)abroad.But this time I was really looking forward to_2_(have)a nice easy holiday without any language problems.
9、How wrong I was！The_3_(understand)began at the airport. When I was looking for a public telephone to give my American friend Danny a ring，a friendly old man saw me looking lost and asked _4_he could help. I gladly _5_ (tell) him that I wanted to give my friend a ring. He exclaimed that that was good
10、 news and asked if I was getting married soon. I explained that I just wanted to give my friend a ring to tell her I _6_ (arrive),I added by asking _7_a phone box was. He understood me this time.Later_8_I told Danny this story，she told me that she had lots of difficulties at first and assured me tha
11、t I _9_(get)used to all _10_funny things the Americans said soon!,1解析：It was the first time that sb.had done sth.是固定句型，意思是“某人过去第一次做某事”。答案：had been2解析：look forward to doing sth.是固定词组，表示“期待、渴望做某事”。答案：having,3解析：从下文看，对方误以为我要给朋友“戒指(ring)”，还问我“是否很快结婚”，而我却是要给朋友一个“电话(ring)”，所以用misunderstanding。答案：misunderstanding4解析：老人问我他“是否”可以帮我。答案：if5解析：全文叙述过去的事，用过去式。答案：told6解析：在我告诉朋友之前我“已经到达”，所以用过去完成时had arrived。答案：had arrived,7答案：where8答案：when9解析：间接引语中，此处用would get。答案：would get10解析：名词funny things前需要冠词，此处表特指。答案：the,祝,您,学业有成,
