1、Unit 1 Great scientists,核心单词1. characteristicn.特色；特性；典型adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的Kindness is one of his characteristics.和善是他的特性之一。A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。,characteristic n. 特征，特性搭配：be characteristic of sb. / sth. 是某人或某物的特征运用：1._ th
2、at she never complained. 从来不发牢骚是她的特性。 2.All great leaders share _ 所有伟大的领导者都具有某些共同的特质。 character/characteristic 区别 character n.性格，品质（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符characteristic n. 特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的）高手过招 单项填空,Its characteristic of her,certain characteristics.,He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of h
3、is was seen at its best when he worked with others. （201001山东德州检测）A. Characteristic B. characterC. Appearance D. temper,解析:选B。句意为：他证明自己是个真正的绅士，和别人一起工作的时候，他的性格总表现出最好的一面。character作名词时，表示“性格；特点”，一般是不可数名词；characteristic是可数名词，常用复数形式，表示“总的特点”。,易混辨析,2. defeat vt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空Our team defeated our oppone
4、nt by 5:0.我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。,易混辨析 defeat/conquer/overcome三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。 defeat指“赢得胜利”，尤其指军事上的胜利，如：defeat the enemy(打败敌人)。conquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制，如：conquer nature（征服自然）。overcome指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”，如：overcome difficulties（克服困难）。,defeat/beat/win defeat, be
5、at都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如：beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/团队win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏高手过招 选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win） （原创）By not working ha
6、rd enough you your own purpose.Some countries may be but can never be .Who is the drum?He the first prize in the writing contest.,答案:defeated defeated; conqueredbeating won,3. attend v. 注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with；出席；到场；照看；照料=take care=look after常用结构：attend school/college 上学/上大学attend a lecture/meeting
7、听讲座/出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚礼/参加典礼attendance n. 出席；出席的人数；伺候；照料 Well attend to the problem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题。 Which doctor is attending you? 哪个医生为你看病?,4.attend vt. 出席，参加，照料，护理，侍候 运用：1)._ 他昨天没参加会议。2).The school _almost entirely by local children. 上这个学校读书的几乎全是当地的孩子。3).There was no one _but Ti
8、na. 除了蒂娜，再无人照顾他了,He did not attend the meeting yesterday.,was attented,to attend him,高手过招翻译句子 （原创）他们在我们不在时管理事务。 他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。,答案：They attended our affairs during our absence.He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.,5.expose vt. 暴
9、露，揭露（发），使接触到，使曝光 例句：Dont expose the baby to the burning sun. 切勿将小孩暴晒。 搭配：be exposed to 招致，暴露于; expose to 使暴露在；使。接触 运用：_不要把胶卷曝光 The teachers _老师们尽力使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐。,Dont expose the film to light.,try to expose students to good art and music.,Those _bird flu were_.禽流感患者被隔离。,who were exposed to,separated,
10、6. cure vt. & n. 治愈，治疗，治疗法运用：1._for AIDS. 还无治疗艾滋病之法。 2. _the sickness.治愈这种疾病还是可能的。,There is still no cure,It is possible to cure,搭配: cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人某病; 矫正某人的不良行为3)._ 这药应该能治好你的感冒。4)_ _父母想办法纠正孩子们的坏习惯。,The medicine should cure you of your cold.,Parents try to cure their children of bad habits,zX.
11、x.K,易混辨析cure/treat/heal/recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈（伤口）；医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。That pill cured my headache.那种药片治好了我的头疼。That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他的坏习惯。There are only two doctor
12、s to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold.他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。,高手过招 完成句子 （原创）盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。Penicillin his pneumonia.事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。After the accident, the lorry driver for cuts and bruises.他手指上的伤口很快愈合了。The cut on hi
13、s finger quickly. 答案：cured him of was treated healed,6. absorbvt. 吸收；吸引；吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）；汲取，理解（知识等）；使全神贯注；吸引（注意等），后常接介词in/by；合并（公司等）；吞并；常接介词into；承受；经受。搭配：be absorbed in sth. / doing sth.全神贯注于某事； be absorbed into 被吸入（并入）联想拓展absorbed adj. 精神集中的absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的absorb from sth. 从中吸收be absorbed in 专心于
14、，全神贯注于Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。 So many good ideas! Its too much for me to absorb all at once. 这么多好主意！我很难一下子完全吸收。The old man was completely absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书。The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入到这座城市中。,高手过招 完成句子 （原创）那个人因为看报纸太入神而撞到了墙上。 ，the
15、man walked into a wall.他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演，舍不得离开。They were the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.答案：Deeply absorbed in the newspaperso deeply absorbed in watching,zX.x.K,7. blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于n.责怪；(过失、过错等)责任常用结构：blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人blame sth. on sb. 因某事而指责某人sb. be
16、to blame for(doing) sth. 因(做)某事某人应受到谴责The student blamed the teacher for his failure. 学生因失败而责怪老师。The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday.那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。Who is to blame for the failure?谁该为这次的失败负责?温馨提示be to blame 应负责(无被动形式),高手过招 (1)单项填空We all feel it is Jack
17、as well as his wife that for their sons bad performance at school.（201001陕西西安检测）A. are to blame B. is to be blamedC. are to be blamed D. is to blame（2）翻译句子看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。 （原创） 这件事谁也不能怨。他指责你玩忽职守。,解析： （1）选D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校里的不好表现，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。且主语为Jack，故选D项。(2) It see
18、med that the water was to blame for cholera. Nobody is to blame for it. He blames you for your neglect of duty.,8. link vt. 连接；联系n. 环；连接；联系；纽带常用结构：link .to/with 将和连接/联系起来link up 连接起来The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing. 这条公路连接着上海和北京。Your story links up with his.你所说的和他所说的能联系起来。A lot of links fi
19、tted together form a chain. 许多链环连在一起组成链条。Old friends are a link with the past. 老朋友是连接往事的纽带。,易混辨析join/connect/combine/unite join指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意。常用结构join .to, join up。 connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connect .with/to。 combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起
20、，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine .with。 unite强调紧密地结合成一体，含极难分开之意,常用结构unite .with。Please join this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。This flight connects with New York one.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。We should combine theory with practice.我们应该理论联系实际。,高手过招翻译句子 （原创）这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。这些事件之间都有一些微妙的(subtly)联系。答案： The
21、two towns are linked by a railway.These events are all subtly linked together.,9. suspect vt. 察觉；怀疑；猜想例句：The tiger suspected danger and ran away. 老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。运用：1. We _ 我们不相信他们是诚实的。 2. _, dont employ him; if you employ a man, _ . 疑人莫用,用人莫疑。拓展：n. 嫌疑犯;可疑分子C adj. 可疑的;受到怀疑的;不可信的 例：His motives were suspe
22、ct.他的动机是可疑的。,suspected their honesty.,If you suspect a man,dont suspect him,10.instruct vt. 指导，指示，命令搭配与拓展： instruct sb. to do sth. 指示某人做某事 instruct sb. in sth. 在某方面指导某人 instruction n. 指导 ；(pl.)说明书 instructor 辅导员，讲师 instructive adj. 说明性的，指示性的，有教育意义的1)._ 医生吩咐我卧床休息。2). _ not only in words but deeds.那些老
23、工人对我们不仅言传而且身教。3).The water companies _ expose people to polluted water anymore.自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触到污染的水。,The doctor instructed me to stay in bed.,The old workers instruct us,were also instructed not to,11.construct vt. 建造，修建；创立(学说等),构造 -相关词语： under construction 正在建设中 construction n. 建造(设); 建筑物;句法结构
24、constructive adj.建设性的运用： 1)._ a new reservoir. 他们正在建造一座水库。 A new reservoir _.,They are constructing,is under construction,12. contribute vt. 贡献; 捐献; 投稿搭配：contribute (.) to . 把 (.) 捐献/投稿 至 .;make a contribution (to) （对.）做出贡献运用：1).The writer personally _ the earthquake fund. 那位作家亲自捐赠了5000英镑给地震基金会。2).H
25、e_ the Red Cross. 他主动向红十字会捐款。3).She _a newspaper. 她向一家报纸投稿。4).Plenty of fresh air _ good health.多呼吸新鲜空气有益于健康。5).He _ to the overall success of the project. 他对项目的全面成功做出了非常积极的贡献。,contributed 5,000 to,offered to contribute to,had contributed to,contributes to,made a very positive contribution,4.This wa
26、s the most deadly disease of its day.die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.)deadly adj. 1.dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease/weapon 2. highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的;致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论3. aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的: a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人adv. 1. Very极度;
27、非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真 2. like death 死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白,1.discover & inventdiscover v. “ 发现“,被探索或被揭示物老早就客观存在着.Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲.Who discovered radium? 谁发现了镭?invent v. “发明”,指的是发明原先不存在的东西.Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机?2.Who invented the way of giving
28、electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法?,the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做.的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法.与way相关的短语:by the way 顺便说 by way of 通过的方法lose ones way 迷路 no way (俚语) 没门,别想feel ones way 摸黑走,谨慎从事on ones way
29、 to在去的路上in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法,重点短语9. put forward提出(意见、建议)；推荐；提名；将表拨快He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划。Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?我推荐你（提名让你）担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？He puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。Its an explanation often pu
30、t forward by our friend.这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。联想拓展put in 打断；插嘴；进港put off 推迟；延期put on 穿；上演put away 放好put down 写下put on weight 发福；长胖put out 生产；扑灭put up 举起；张贴put back 放回，送回,高手过招（1）单项填空At the meeting, he his plan. （原创）A. looked forward to B. put forwardC. took forward D. came forward（2）完成句子 （原创）她正为选举制度改革提出一些建议
31、。She is some proposals for electoral reform.解析:(1) 选B。句意为:在会议上,他提出了他的计划。put forward提出。(2)putting forward,10. look into调查；了解；研究；朝里面看联想拓展look around/round/about 环顾四周look after 照顾；照料look back 回头看look back to/upon/on 回顾；回想look down upon 俯视；轻视look for 寻求；寻找look forward to 盼望look on 旁观look on/upon.as 把看作l
32、ook out 往外看；注意；当心look through 透过看；浏览look up 抬头看；查阅,温馨提示look into与ones face/eyes等连用，表示“注视”。He looks into her face with great interest.他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。Lets look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it.让我们一起来研究这个问题，想出解决的办法。,高手过招单项填空In other words I should not watch TV, or your shoulder
33、at other people while we are talking together.（201001江西上高检测） A. look out B. look into C. look at D. look overThere was a fire in the hotel. The is now being looked .（201001山西太原五中检测） A. reason; through B. reason; into C. cause; through D. cause; into解析: 选D。考查短语辨析。look out向外看；look into 调查；look at看；loo
34、k over从上看过去。选D。cause的意思是“起因”；look into的意思是“调查”。,11. apart from除之外；脱离开；此外Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师。Apart from being too large, the trousers dont suit me.除了太长，这条裤子的款式也不适合我。There can be no knowledge apart from practice.没有知识能脱离实践。,易混辨析apart from/except for
35、/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except that apart from表示“除外（别无）”时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。 except“除”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词,表示“并且，而且”。 but for表示“如果不是由于”之意（=If it were not for.或If it had not been for.）。 in
36、 addition to 相当于besides，表示“除之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内）。except that后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节。,高手过招（1）单项填空 English, the speaker also has a good command of Russian and French. （201001河北石家庄检测）A. Except B. Except forC. Beside D. Apart from （2）用apart from/except for/except/except that/besides填空 （原创）We go there every day Mond
37、ay.He is a good man his bad temper.Your article is good there are some spelling mistakes. the cost, it will take a lot of time. that, everything goes well.,(1)解析:选D。 apart from相当于besides，意思是“除外，还有”。except表示“除，不包括在内”，从后面的also看，应用besides或apart from。(2)except except for/apart fromexcept that Apart from/BesidesApart from/Except for,
