1、英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修1,Earthquakes,Unit 4,Section Using Language,Unit 4,.单词速记1_(n.)条；棒；条状物2_(n.& vt.)损失；损害3_(n.)要点；大纲；轮廓4_(n.)报刊的大字标题5_(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬frightened(adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的frightening(adj.)令人恐惧的6_(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate(v.)祝贺,bardamageoutlineheadlinefrightencongratulation,7_(vt.)断定；判断；判决(n.)裁判员；
2、法官judg(e)ment(n.)判断8_(adv.)真诚地；真挚地sincere(adj.)真诚的9_(vt.)表示；表达(n.)快车；速递expression(n.)表达；表情10_(v.)骑自行车cyclist(n.)骑自行车的人,judgesincerelyexpresscycle,.短语互译1没有用_2损害；损坏 _3募集捐款 _4对感到震惊 _5作演讲 _6be proud of _7express ones thanks to sb. _8put up _9be known as _10in the open air _,of no usedo damage toraise mo
3、neybe shocked atgive a speech为而自豪向某人表达谢意搭起；建起作为而出名露天；在户外,.完成句子1我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中演讲比赛中获得了第一名。We _ you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.(that引导的宾语从句)2评委团的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, _ agreed that it was the best one t
4、his year.(名词/代词介词whom/which引导定语从句),3你知道，37年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。_，this is the day the quake happened thirty seven years ago.(as引导的非限制性定语从句)4这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。The man was sleeping downstairs _. (when作并列连词)答案：1.are pleased to tell you that2.all of whom3.As you know4.when the earthquake happened,.课文理解Choo
5、se the best answers according to the passage.1The letter comes from _.AOffice of the City Government of TangshanBOffice of the New York CityCa Japanese companyDan English club,2Whats the speaking competition about?AThe earthquake in Tangshan.BThe old Tangshan.CThe new Tangshan.DThe new China.,3The c
6、ity will open a new park in order to _.Ahonour those who died and those who helped the survivors in the disasterBhonour the students who have won the speaking competitionCshow respect to the heroes who died for the new TangshanDshow respect to the people who work for the new Tangshan,4If you are the
7、 student who has won the competition, who will you bring to the park?AMy family and teachers.BMy friends.CMy teachers.DMy friends and family.答案：14 ACAD,1damage(1)n.损失；损害Man has done great damage to his home over the years.多年来，人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园。,(2)vt.损害；损失Dont damage your health for a slim and attracti
8、ve figure.不要为了苗条动人的身材而毁了你自己的健康。Tyler felt his reputation had been damaged by the newspaper article.泰勒觉得他的名誉已经因为报纸上的这篇报道而受到了损害。归纳拓展do/cause damage to给造成/带来损坏damage ones reputation毁坏某人的名誉,易混辨析,活学活用用damage, ruin或destroy的适当形式填空Many houses were seriously _ by the storm and the repair work lasted months.T
9、he building was completely_.To our disappointment, the bad weather _ our trip.用damage的相关搭配完成句子The flood _(对造成破坏) the crops.Drinking and smoking can _(有损健康),语法单句填空He was lucky in the accident but his _(damage)car is still under repair.答案：damageddestroyedruinedcaused/did damage todamage your healthdam
10、aged,2frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬Dont stand so near the edge; youre frightening me!别站得这么靠边，你吓坏我了！Shell be frightened to death when she sees the way you drive.看到你那样开车，她会吓死的。They frightened the old lady into signing the paper.他们恐吓那位老太太，使她签了字据。,归纳拓展(1)frighten sb. into/out of(doing) sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事(2)frightened
11、adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的,巧学助记图文巧记“害怕”Judging from the frightened expression on his face, he is very frightened by the frightening monster.从他脸上惊恐的表情判断，他被这个令人恐惧的怪物吓坏了。,活学活用完成句子Miriam _ tell her family what had happened.米丽娅姆太害怕了，她不敢告诉家人所发生的事情。It _ but they were very courageous.那是一段非常令人恐惧的经历，但他
12、们表现得却很勇敢。语法单句填空Hearing the _(frighten) story, the little boy had a _ (frighten) expression on his face.,答案：was too frightened towas a very frightening experiencefrightening; frightened句意：听到这个令人恐惧的故事，这个小男孩脸上露出害怕的表情。frightening令人恐惧的；frightened受惊的；害怕的。,3congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词Ive just passed my drivi
13、ng test!Congratulations_to you!我刚刚通过驾驶执照考试！恭喜你！Congratulations on a superb performance!对这场精彩的演出表示祝贺！,归纳拓展(1)congratulation to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事offer/send congratulations to sb. on sth.向某人祝贺某事(2)congratulate v祝贺，向致贺词congratulate sb. on/upon sth./doing sth.就某事向某人祝贺She congratulated me warmly on my go
14、od exam results.她热烈祝贺我考试取得好成绩。,名师点津“祝贺”用法提醒(1)congratulation作“祝贺”讲时，常以复数形式出现。(2)congratulate的宾语是人而不是物；celebrate的宾语是某些活动。We held a large party to celebrate his birthday.我们开了一个盛大的晚会来庆祝他的生日。We congratulated him on winning the game.我们祝贺他赢得了这场比赛。,活学活用完成句子She _.她对他的成功表示祝贺。I want to _ your passing your dri
15、ving test.我想因你通过驾驶执照考试表示我的祝贺。,语法单句填空I hear you came first in the final test. _ (congratulate)!Thanks. But I think I could have done better.The two sportsmen congratulated each other_winning the match by shaking hands.(2014陕西，11改编)I got that job I wanted at the public library._(congratulate)! Thats g
16、ood news.,答案：congratulated him on his successexpress my congratulations onCongratulations考查情景交际。句意：我听说你在期末考试中得了第一名。祝贺你！谢谢！但是我想我本来可以做得更好一点。Congratulations祝贺。on句意：这两个运动员握手祝贺彼此赢得比赛。congratulate sb. on sth.“祝贺某人某事”，是固定搭配。Congratulations,4judge(1)n. C裁判员；法官Judges are those who defend right against wrong.
17、法官是维护正义，反对邪恶的人。(2)v. 判断；断定；评价Dont judge a person by/from his appearance.勿以貌取人。Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。,巧学助记That judge judged that these ancient pictures should be judged by some judges of art.那位法官认为这些古画应该由一些擅长艺术鉴定的鉴定家来鉴定。,归纳拓展(1)judge. by/from. 通过判断judge sb.
18、/sth. as/to be. 断定某人/物是as far as I can judge 据我判断judging by/from. 从来看，根据判断(2)judg(e)ment n. 判决；判断；评价in ones judg(e)ment 在某人看来,名师点津judging by/from表示“从来看，根据来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。英语中类似judging by/from用法的独立成分还有很多，例如：generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking(一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说)，considering (that
19、).(考虑到，鉴于，就而言)，providing/provided (that).(假如，倘若)等。,Honestly speaking, he is not a person you can trust.说实话，他不是一个你信得过的人。Considering his age, the child reads quite well.鉴于他的年龄，这个孩子读得相当好。,活学活用语法单句填空_(judge)from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.答案：Judging句意：根据停靠的
20、车辆来判断，他认为俱乐部中的人还不太多。judging from/by.表示“根据判断”，作状语。,5express(1)vt. 表示；表达I find it hard to express myself in English.我觉得很难用英语表达自己。(2)n. C特快列车；U速递They are waiting for the 800 express to Shanghai.他们在等八点去上海的快车。(3)adj.特快的；快递的Where do I wait for the express bus to London?我到哪里等候开往伦敦的特快公共汽车呢？,巧学助记He expressed
21、 his wish that he would go there on an express train.他表达了他想坐特快列车去那儿的愿望。归纳拓展(1)express sth. to sb.(express to sb. sth.)向某人表示/表露/表达某事express oneself表达自己的思想感情by express通过快递an express train特快列车(2)expression n表达；表情,活学活用完成句子Young children often have difficulty_(表达自己的意见)Ill send the parcel_(用快递)答案：(in)expr
22、essing themselves/their feelingsby express,6give out (1)vt.发出；放出；公布Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in the street.学生们在向街上所有的人分发传单。(2)vi.用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽My money began to give out.我的钱快要用光了。,(3)发出，放出(热、光等)The radiator is giving out a lot of heat.散热器释放出大量的热量。(4)公布；宣布；播放They gave out the names of
23、 the winners.他们宣布了获胜者的名字。,归纳拓展give away 赠送；分发；放弃(机会)；泄露(秘密)give in 屈服；交上give off 发出(气味、光、热等)give up 放弃,活学活用用适当的介词或副词填空I need to give _ some of these old baby clothes.But finally, he was forced to give _.The flowers gave _ a sweet smell.The doctor advised him to give _ smoking.The teacher gave _ the
24、exam papers.Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give_ the shocking ending.答案：awayinoffupoutaway,7As you know, this is the day the quake happened thirtyseven years ago.你知道，37年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。句式分析as you know在本句中是非限制性定语从句，修饰后面的整个句子。关系代词as可引导非限制定语从句，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。,As i
25、s known to us all, the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的。He is absent, as is often the case.他缺席了，他经常这样。,名师点津as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分隔主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。(2)as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which常译为“这，这件事”。(3)当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只能用which。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常位于所修饰的句子之后。,活学活用语法单句填空
26、(2012福建高考改编) The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.仿写句子众所周知，莫言是一个著名的作家。_单句改错He failed in the midterm exam, it made his parents upset._,答案：as考查定语从句。句意：正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。as“正如，正像”，引导定语从句，先行词为the air quality。As everybody knows, Mo Ya
27、n is a famous writer.it改为which,8The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。句式分析be doing sth. when.某人正在做某事，这时突然，when连接两个并列分句。I was watching TV when the electricity was cut off.我正在看电视，这时突然停电了。,活学活用仿写句子。前些天他正步行上学的时候，突然下起雨来。_语法单句填空We were swimming in the river _ th
28、e storm started.答案：He was walking to school the other day when it began to rain.when考查并列连词。句意：我们正在河里游泳，这时暴风雨突然来了。be doing sth. when.正在做某事，突然。when意为“那时突然”。,.用所给词的正确形式填空(1)frightenI was _ of being left by myself in the house.Thats a _ thought.(2)congratulationHe even never stopped to _ me.On arriving
29、there, we offered our _ to him on his success.,(3)judgeI cant _ whether he is right or wrong._ from his expression, he was satisfied with my work.(4)sincerelyHe is a _ man.I _ hope Ill see her again.(5)expressHe knows only a little English so he cant _ himself fluently.He looked at her plate with an
30、 _ of satisfaction.,(6)damageThe accident did a lot of _ to the car.Many houses were _ by the heavy rain.答案：(1)frightenedfrightening(2)congratulatecongratulations(3)judgeJudging(4)sinceresincerely(5)expressexpression(6)damagedamaged,.语法单句填空1You can tell from the _(express) on his face that he didnt
31、do very well in the exam.答案：expression句意：你可以从他脸上的表情看出，他考得不好。expression表达，表情。2Washington, a state in the United States, was named _honour of one of the greatest American presidents.答案：in考查介词短语辨析。句意：华盛顿，美国的一个州，是为了纪念一位美国最伟大的总统而命名。,3The cow _(frighten) by the fire rushed out into the street.答案：frightene
32、d考查非谓语动词。句意：被火惊吓的牛跑到街上去了。此处是分词作定语，frighten和cow之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词。4I have never found a better position._(congratulate)答案：Congratulations考查情景交际。句意： 我找到了一个最好的职位。祝贺你。never比较级表达的是最高级的意义。Congratulations祝贺。,5_(judge) from what he has been doing, Mr. Smith seems to be a person we can depend on.答案：Judging句意：根据他
33、一直做的事情来判断，史密斯先生似乎是我们可以信赖的人。judging from/by是固定短语，意为”根据来判断”。6She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.答案：whom考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她带着她的三个朋友，我以前从没见过。,7Luckily, the traffic accident didnt do damage_ either of the cars.答案：to考查固定搭配。句意：幸运的是，这次交通事故对两辆车没有造成什么损害。do damage to对造成损害。8Whats wr
34、ong with you yesterday?When I was playing football, my strength gave_ and I fell down.答案： out句意：你昨天怎么了？当我正在踢足球时，我筋疲力尽，摔倒了。give out意为“用完，用尽”，符合句意。,9He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted me on the shoulder.答案：when考查状语从句的连词。句意：他正要告诉我这个秘密时，突然有人拍我的肩膀。when那时。be about to do. when.即将做某事这时突然，是固定句型。10_ his parents expected, he was accepted as a member by the big company.答案：As考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如他父母所期望的，他被一家大公司录取了。as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首，意为“正如”。,
