1、中国抗生素杂志2014年10月第39卷第10期 785美罗培南与亚胺培南西司他 汀治疗文章编号:10018689(2014)10078506重症感染疗效与安全性的Meta分析刘茂昌- 葛苗苗2,+陈渝军1 李石军2汪洋1(1武汉市儿童医院药学部,武汉430016;2华中科技大学同济医学院协和医院,武汉430022)摘要:目的 评价碳青霉烯类抗生素美罗培南与亚胺培南西司他汀在重症感染治疗中的疗效和安全性。方法 利用计算机检索EMBASE、MEDLINE、Cochrane library和CNKI等数据库,纳入比较美罗培南与亚胺培南西司他汀在相同给药剂量、给药方案下治疗重症感染疗效和安全性的随机对
2、照试验(RCTs),采用RevMan 526软件对入选试验进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入16个随机对照试验,包括3055例重症感染患者。Meta分析结果显示,美罗培南相比亚胺培南西司他汀在治疗重症感染中的临床有效率高RR=103,95CI(100,106)。在临床治愈率RR=I04,95CI(100,110)】与细菌清除率RR=102,95CI(097,107)方面,美罗培南与亚胺培南西司他汀相当。美罗培南组与药物相关不良反应发生率为116,相比于亚胺培南西司他汀组的136RR=085,95CI(070,102)1,但中枢神经系统不良反应在亚胺培南西司他汀组发生率较高(P01,12010,12
3、=0005),显示美罗培南和亚胺培南西司他汀在重症感染临床治愈率上无明显差异。232美罗培南与亚胺培南西司他汀治疗重症感染临床有效率分析在纳入的16个研究中,均报道了临床有效率(治愈加显效合称有效),合计临床有效率美罗培南组为:912,亚胺培南西司他汀组为:885,Meta分析结果详见图2。同质性检验:好=548,df-15,P=099010,12=0010,12=0005),显示美罗培南和亚胺培南西司他汀在重症感染细菌清除率上无显著性差异。234美罗培南与亚胺培南西司他汀治疗重症感染表1 纳入研究的基本特征与质量评价Tab1 Main characteristics and quality
4、evaluation of included studies+结局指标:临床治愈率;临床有效率;细菌清除率;不良反应发生率万方数据Fig1 Metaanalysis of clinical cure rate for meropenemcompared with imipenem plus cilastatin in the treatment of severeinfections安全性分析16个研究均报道了药物相关性不良反应发生率,合计不良反应发生率美罗培南组为:116,亚胺培南西司他汀组为:136,Meta分析结果详见图4。同质性检验:矛一761,df=15,P=094010,12=00
5、05),显示美罗培南和亚胺培南西司他汀在治疗重症感染中的药物相关性不良反应率无明显差异。中枢神经系统不良反应:在纳入的16项研究中,共报道了15例药物相关性中枢神经系统不良反应,且均发生在亚胺培南西司他汀组,占该组总不良反应发生例数的73,差异具有显著的统计学意义(PO05)。在纳入的16项研究中,有8项研究9-0,3,15-16,19-20,22共计报道了1 5例药物相关性中枢神经系统不良反应,且均发生在亚胺培南西司他汀组,占该组总不良反应发生例数的73,差异具有显著的统计学意义(P001)。现有证据表明,美罗培南在重症感染治疗中的临床有效率略优于亚胺培南西司他汀,在临床治愈率、细菌清除率以
6、及安全性方面与亚胺培南西司他汀相当,中枢神经系统不良反应发生率显著低于亚胺培南西司他汀。另外要指出,美罗培南与亚胺培南西司他汀在临床有效率方面的差异性仅表现在统计学上有意义图4荚_j。培南I J、lE般培、育,i撕-_他济盯曩螗感染安全ki-1、r价Meta,“二森休HFig4 Metaanalysis of adverse events for meropenem comparedwith imipenem plus cilastatin in the treatment of severe infections了床j临,染j莉了症重焉”治图彰汀林誉“他森司析谖晒扮鼍m谇k誓霾?m嵩亚孳j矧
7、约万方数据中国抗生素杂志2014年10月第39卷第10期 789RR=I03,95CI(100,106)1,而在临床应用经验中来看两者的疗效差异并非特别显著。由于在化学结构上的改进,美罗培南不需合用DHP1抑制剂可单独使用,因而中枢神经系统不良反应发生率显著低于亚胺培南西司他汀,这一点在本文及相关研究【37】中均得到了验证。同时,由于纳入的研究存在以下问题,应用以上分析结果尚需慎重:(1)纳入的研究并非全部采用随机、双盲、平行对照试验方法,大多数仅叙述采用随机分组,而未给出足够的信息证实是否做到了真正的随机,因此可能存在选择性偏倚。(2)入选文献只有1篇文献【21是采用双肓法且提及具体的设肓方
8、法,绝大多数为开放性研究,可能存在实施偏倚和测量偏倚。(3)重症感染的严重程度、病原学检查结果以及是否合并有其他基础疾病,在多数研究中并未完全交待。终上所述,相比亚胺培南西司他汀而言,美罗培南以其略优的临床有效率及较少的中枢神经系统毒性和肾毒性,临床应用可能将更为广泛。然而,本文纳入的文献时间跨度较大(19932013年),而抗菌药物治疗感染性疾病的疗效会随着病原体对抗菌药物的耐药性变化而发生改变,且国内缺乏相关高质量的随机双盲对照试验,因此本研究结果还需谨慎对待。在今后的研究中,需要更多设计严谨的大样本、多中心、高质量的随机对照试验来加以证实。234567参考文献陈新谦,金有豫,汤光新编药物
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