1、 1 祈使句 祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语 you 常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句 （ 1）动词原形 +其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 （ 2） Be + n./adj. Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子 ! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！ （ 3） Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分 Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 Lets go to school together. 咱
2、们一起上学去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句 (1) Dont + 动词原形 Dont stand up. 别站起来。 Dont be careless. 别粗心。 Dont let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 （ 2） Let 型的否定式有两种 :“ Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“ Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。 Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 （ 3） no 开头 ,用来表示禁止性的
3、祈使句。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟 !No fishing! 禁止钓鱼 ! 3. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用 will 或 wont。 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点： 1) 形式一致 (即 Yes 与 will 保持一致； No 与 wont 保持一致 ) 2) 意思相反 (即 Yes 是 “不”的意思； No 是 “是”的意思 )。 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。 如： - Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 -
4、Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。 4. 祈使句的反意疑问 句 (1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用 will you 或 wont you。 Please open the door, will/ wont you? 请把门打开，好吗？ (2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you。 Dont be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？ (3) 以 lets 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shall we。 Lets turn on the
5、 TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？ 只有以 lets 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用 shall we，而 let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为 will you 或 wont you.如： Let us stay here, will/ wont you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？ 练习题 一 . 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be ) late. 2 2. _ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping. 3. _ (n
6、ot, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite. 4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud. 5. _ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry. 6. _ (look) out! A car is coming. 7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 8. _ (not, let) the baby cry. 9. Wear more clot
7、hes or you _ (catch) a cold. 10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it. 二 、句型转换 1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句） _ _ again more slowly, please. 2. If you dont listen to me, Ill go. （改为同义句） _ _me, or Ill go. 3. Lets watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句） Lets watch the sports games, _ _
8、? 4. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句） _ _careless, please. 5. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句） _ _ next to Nancy. 6. Dont forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句） Dont forget to turn off the lights, _ _? 7. If you move, youll die. （改为同义句） _ _, or youll die. 8
9、. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句） Come to my house tomorrow, _ _? 9. 这是一个坏了的被子。 （翻译句子） This is a _ _. 10. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 （翻译句子） Lets go and help the _ _, please. 3 感叹句 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。现分述如下： 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用 “what“和 “how“引导，“what“和 “how“与所修饰的词置于句
10、首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由 “what“引导的感叹句： “what“意为 “多么 “用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词 a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语 +谓语 . 如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good c hildren they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they are!
11、多么漂亮的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 二、由 “how“引导的感叹句： “how“意为 “多么 “，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果 how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（ adv.） +主语 +谓语 . 如： How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ How happy they lo
12、ok! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！ 三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用 “what“引导，也可用 “how“引导。如： Wha t a hot day it is! = How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀！ What tall buildings they are! = How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！ What bad weather it is! = How bad the weather is
13、! 多么糟糕的天气呀！ What bright sunshine it is! = How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀！ 4 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 如： What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！ How cool! 好凉快呀！ How wonderful! 精彩极了！ 练习题 一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。 1)._ difficult homework we had
14、 yesterday! 2)._cute dog it is! 3)._ interesting the story is! 4)._ bad the weather in England is! 5)._ honest boy Tom is ！ 6)._ tasty smell the cake gave off! 7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday! 8)._ exciting news youve brought us! 9)._cool your new car is! 10)._ scary these tigers are! 二
15、、选择填空。 1. _ fast the boy ran! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances! A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what D. What, how 3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A.
16、 How B. How an C. What D. What an 5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 6. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to see her! 5 A. How B. How an C. What D.
17、What an 8. _ lovely weather we are having these days! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 9. _ beautiful your new dress is! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 10. _ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 三、 所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句： 1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）
18、_ _ the boy swam! 2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句） _ _ the school trip is! 3. It is a useful dictionary. （同义句） _ _ _ dictionary it is! _ _ _ dictionary is! 4. The students are listening very carefully. _ _ the students are listening! 倒 装 英语的基本语序是 “主语谓语 ”如果将谓语放在主语之前，这种语序叫做倒装。 倒装分为两种： 全部倒装和部
19、分倒装 。 在倒装语序中若整个谓语都在主语之前称为全部倒装；若谓语的一部分（情态动词或助动词）位于主语之前称之为部分倒装。 一、 全部倒装 1、 以介词开头的地点状语位于句首。 例： In front of the house stand a lot of trees. 注：谓语动词要与其后的主语保持时态和数的一致。 2、表示时间和方位的副词 there, here, out, off, now, up, down 等 ,位于句首。 例： Here came a bus. 注：若主语是人称代词时则用正常语序。如： Here you are. 3、 such 位于句首。 例： Such was
20、Doctor Li. 4、表语 位 于句首。 例： Gone are the days when we lived in that city. 5、直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首。 例： “Dont do it again!” said the mother to her son. 注：如果主语是代词时则 不 倒装。如： “What are you doing?” he asked. 6 6、为了使全句平衡，而将较长的主语放在句末。 例： Among these men was a man called Tom. 二、 部分倒装 1、否定词或否定短语位于句首时 ,常见的否定词或否定短语有： n
21、o, not, never, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, not until, no sooner than , hardly when , not only but also , in no time, in no way, by no means 等 . 例： Never did I saw it. Not until she went home did I leave.（主句倒装，从句不倒装。） 注：上述句子中的否定词或短语不位于句首时，句子结构不倒装。 2、 so/such + adj/adv + that 句型位于句首，表程度。 例： So d
22、irty is the cloth that we cant use it. 3、表示程度、方式、时间频率的状语位于句首且表强调时 ,常用的状语有 : always, often, once, every day, usually, many a time, now and then 等。 例： Often did I tell you not to do it. 注：若不表强调时，也可用 Often I told you not to do it. 4、在虚拟语气中，当连词 if 省略时，助动词移到句首。 were had 主 should 例： Were I in your place,
23、I wouldnt agree with her. 5、 as 或 though 引导的让步状语从句（只需将表语、状语或动词原形提到 as 或 though 之前）。 例： Hard as he studied, he failed. Try as they might, they couldnt do it better. Child as he is, he is brave. 注 ： 作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时，冠词要省略。如例 。 6、 Only+状语位于句首。 例： Only in this way can we do it better. 注： only 位于句首修饰 主 语时
24、，则无需倒装。如 Only I can do it. 7、 neither nor 连接两个句子时，两个句子都要倒装。 例： Neither will they study nor will they play. 8、 no sooner than ; hardly scarcely when 表示 “一 就 ”时，从句用过去完成时（倒装）主句用过去时。 例： No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 9、代词 so, nor, neither 位于句首，表示谓语所述情况与上句的 “也一样 ”或 “也不一样 ”（主语不同）时。 例： I s
25、aw the movie, so did he. I dont smoke, nor do you. 注： 前面所说的内容既有肯 定又有否定或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用 “It is the same with +主语 ”结构或 “So it is with+主语 ”结构。 如： She is a teacher and she enjoys music, so it is with me. so+主语动词（ be 动词助动词情态动词）则表示对前句内容的肯定和附和，译成 “确实，就是 ”。 如 : John studies hard, so he does. 7 10、强调宾语，表语、状语
26、时，将其位于句首。 例： Very strange it looks.(强调表语 ) Very good holiday we had last year.(强调宾语 ) 11、在一些 “祝愿句 ”中。例： May you succeed! 练习题 1. -“ Look ! Here _.” -“Oh, thank God . Here_.” A. the teacher comes ; he comes B. comes the teacher ; comes he C. does the teacher come ; does he come D. comes the teacher ;
27、he comes 2. _can you expect to get a pay rise. A With hard work B Although work hard C Only with hard work D Now that he works hard 3. Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared 4. Not until all the fish died in the ri
28、ver _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize 5. No sooner _to the cinema _the film began. A. had he got ,than B. he had got, when C. did he get ,than D. had he got ,when 6. Not only _interested
29、 in football but _beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is; all his students are B. the teacher himself is; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are all his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are 7. So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I d
30、ecided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found 8. Never in my life such a thing. A. I have heard of or seen B. I had heard of or seen C. have I heard of or seen D. did I hear of or seen 9. Seldom TV during the day. A. they watch B. are they watching C. have
31、 they watched D. do they watch 8 10._ playing soldiers. A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys 11. Little _ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me. A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know D. did I know 12
32、. _ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat 13. Not only _ a promise, but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made 14. Not once _ their plan. A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change 15. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _. A. So is his aunt B. So has his aunt C. So his aunt does D. So it is with his aunt
