1、Characteristics and Development of Some Kinds of New Energy VehiclesAbstractNow the global automotive industry is facing the challenge of energy and environment,and developing new energy vehicles becomes many global automotive groupss same plan.But not all of various types of new energy vehicles whi
2、ch have their own advantages and disadvantages can become the most promising future vehicles.I will introduce features and development of Pure Electric Vehicles 、Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)、 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV)、Natural Gas Vehicles、 Hydrogen Engine Vehicles and DME Vehicles Etc. At
3、last we will know which kind of the new energy vehicles will become mainstream in the future of the car by comparing.Key Word: New Energy Vehicles Future cars HybridHybrid cars is hybrid electric vehicles which use more than one kind of energy provides power to drives the car . Currently hybrid cars
4、 is the combination of traditional fossil fuels engin and electric motor.The most prominent advantage of hybrid cars is its fuel economy. The maximum power of the engin can determine by the average power ,so that the engin can work in less pollution and lower fuel consumption condition. That makes h
5、ybrid cars save 30%50% fule compare with traditional cars,and significantly reducing emissions at the same time.Energy recovering from braking become easy too.But the problem of hybrid car is its high price and basicly no fuel saving at long distance、high speed driving.At present, Chinas hybrid vehi
6、cle technology development fast, some models have been in the period of practical .Take the Roewe 750 of Shanghai Automotive Group for example ,it has already on sale.In the world wild,Toyota Prius hybrid car first introduced in Japan in 1997,and the other major automobile companies have launched th
7、eir own hybrid products, such as the Honda Insight, GM Saturn VUE, Ford Escape and so on.With technical progress and expansion of production scale,the cost has dropped significantly.Pure electric vehicles is driven by electric motor, which is powered by car-carry battery,and meet the requirements of
8、 traffic safety regulations.Pure electric vehicle using a rechargeable battery , and the basic structure is not complicated.Electric generators and car batteries are one of the key components, among which the most critical is battery.Pure electric vehicles is not a new car, the electric car was born
9、 more than 100 years. At that time the electric car battery lifespan is short, the mileage is not high also. Then the electric car is relaced by the increasingly technology mature internal combustion engine car. But in the 1970 s, due to the stimulation of oil crisis, all countries in the world bega
10、n to look for other energy to replace oil. The electric car is back in the line of sight of people. And in recent years besides had the problems of energy, environmental problem has become a social focus on major issues. Again increased focus on electric cars. Now the difficulty of promote puer elec
11、tric car comes from the power storage technologies.Currently,energy storage in per unit weight of the battery is not enough for long -term using, the charge mileage is not ideal. On the other hand,The high-performance battery lifespan is short.Resulting in not froming economy scale, cost of pure ele
12、ctric vehicle is too high to commercial operation.Nevertheless, pure electric vehicles are promoted in the U.S., Europe, Japan in small-scale,and mainly use in government vehicle ,city bus Etc. The forerunner of Chinas electric car company BYD launched E6, and also exported electric bus to Europe .F
13、uel cell electric vehicle use a fuel cell as electric source to supply electric motor, and the chemical energy of fuel is directly changed into electrical energy by the cell.The energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is 2 to 3 times higher than internal combustion engines, and fuel cells do n
14、ot produce harmful chemical reaction products and make lower noise.In recent years, although the development of fuel cell vehicles technology has made significant progress in the world wild , but there are still some technical challenges, such as the integration of fuel cells,vehicle integration, in
15、dustrialization and commercialization. It is worth mentioning that we are at the same level with developed countries in the field of fuel cell electric vehicle researching.Hydrogen engine vehicle power by the engin which is transform from the existing automobile internal combustion engine.In additio
16、n to the hydrogen engine car has the same advantages of less pollution, lower emissions, but also has other special advantages, such as lower requirements for hydrogen, high combustion performance, engine technology is mature and so on.But now hydrogen engine car facing with problems of preparation
17、and storage of liquid hydrogen .Ability to effectively solve these two problems in short time will determine the prospects for the development of hydrogen engine vehicles.Natural gas vehicles to use natural gas as fuel . According to the chemical composition and morphology of natural gas ,it can be
18、classified as three kinds of it ,like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas . Because natural gas vehicles using natural gas as fuel, so it has some feature like low pollution, low cost and high security.But natural gas vehicles have lower power perfor
19、mance, not easy to carry compared with normal vehicle. And once put into Large-scale using, we must build the appropriate station and pipeline.It also relates to design urban planning, funding and environmental safety, and many other factors, causing the high cost of using this kind of vehicle.China
20、 is rich in natural gas resources, and natural gas vehicle technology developed rapidly in these years . For example, some taxi Changsha use Compressed Natural Gas engin.In addition to the above new energy vehicles, as well as，there is also a kind of vehicle using organic substance, such as alcohol,
21、 ether as fuel to power the car.Ethanol fuel is ethanol automotive gasoline, ethanol vehicle technology is relatively mature, the traditional internal combustion engine can modification to adapt to different ethanol gasoline fuel. The rapid development of ethanol cars happen in United States, Brazil
22、 and other countries thanks to the rich ethanol resources, while China is still in its initial stage. DME car use DME as fuel of compression-ignition engine. Generally using in two ways: Firstly, using the dimethyl ether as an ignition-promoting secondly dimethyl ether used as the direct combustion
23、of liquid to get power.Dimethyl ether automobile technology in China has made important progress, such as Shanghai automotive group has successfully developed in dimethyl ether city bus, and began the trial runThanks to internal combustion engine technology is now very mature, hybrid cars is ease of
24、 using , sustainability, reliability is better than that of other new energy cars, but its still use gasoline, diesel oil as a source of energy, so the hybrid vehicle cant represent the future type of car. And because the power can be obtained from a variety of one-off energy, do not worry about ene
25、rgy draining, so pure electric vehicle has broad application prospects. At the same time, pure electric vehicles has no pollution, makes lower noise, is high efficiency. These advantages make this type of electric car research and application is becoming a hot spot of the car industry, and our count
26、ry also take electric vehicles as the main orientation of auto industry strategic transformation. Fuel cell vehicles, with its efficient green cleaning and life advantage to get the attention of many countries to continuously invest devotion, therefore the fuel cell car will also be important form o
27、f the cars of the future. For other types of new energy vehicles, because of the limitations of fuel supplying, cant be used in the large scale all over the world. And this kind of alternative fuel in the engine power performance, corrosion, storage and transportation difficulties, such as obvious s
28、hortcomings. This kind of new energy vehicles may will be the future regional auto supplement type.Comparing the above list of various types of new energy vehicles, pure electric vehicles will be the mainstream of future automobiles, fuel cell vehicles will act as an important component in the futur
29、e , and a hybrid car is the transition models before exhausting of petrochemical resources, other types of cars are supplement adjust measures to local conditions. Pure electric vehicles is the most promising new energy vehicles, and is strongly supported by the state.Now some electric vehicles is u
30、sed in the urban public transport, major activities. We look forward to the clean traffic early arrival of the era.References1邹政耀，王若平.新能源汽车技术.北京：国防工业书版社，20122石川宪二.新能源汽车技术及未来.康云龙，余开江译.北京：科学出版社，20123冯景毅.基于 48V电压平台 解读比亚迪绿混技术.汽车之家网，20134黄正桥.陈斌波：电动汽车是未来汽车发展的方向.汽车之家网，20115Sperling, Daniel.Two Billion Cars:Driving Toward Sustainability.UK:Oxford University Press,20096.Ranjan K. Bose, S. Sundar, K.S. Nesamani .Clearing the air : better vehicles, better fuels.New Delhi : Tata Energy Research Institute,20007Electric VW Up prices revealed.TopG，02 December 2013
