1、1（1）- 名词名词1.1 名词复数的规则变化 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1.5 定语名词的复数 1.6 不同国家的人的单复数 1.7 名词的格1.1 名词复数的规则变化 情况 构成方法 读音 例词清辅音后读/s/ map-maps一般情况 加 -s浊辅音和元音后读 /z/bag-bags /car-cars以 s, sh, ch, x 等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches以 ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses以辅音字母+y 结尾 变
2、 y 为 i再加 es读 /z/ baby-babies1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1） 以 y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加 s 变复数。例如： monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 2） 以 o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加 s，如： photo-photos piano-pianosradio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加 es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoesc. 上述 a 和 b 两种方法均可，如 zero-zeros / zeroes。 3） 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变
3、复数时： a. 加 s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去 f,fe 加 ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolveswife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；c. 上述 a 和 b 两种方法均可，如 handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth2mouse-mice ma
4、n-men woman-women 注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如 an Englishman，two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；Bowman 是姓，其复数是 the Bowmans。2） 单复同形，如 deer， sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan ，two li，three yuan，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a met
5、er, two meters。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如 The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4） 以 s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如
6、：a. maths，politics ，physics 等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是 1945 年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：“The Arabian Nights“ is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼
7、镜） trousers, clothes 等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 等。6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods 货物，waters 水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数）These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。
8、例如：This factory produces steel. （不可数）We need various steels. （可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。3Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如 a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。1.5 定语名词的复
9、数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1) 用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系2） man, woman, gentleman 等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： men workers women teachers gentlemen officials3） 有些原有 s 结尾的名词，作定语时，s 保留。例如：goods train （货车） arms produce 武器生产customs
10、 papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians俄国人
11、the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人 the Americans an American two Americans印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian tw
12、o Canadians德国人 the Germans a German two Germans4英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes1.7 名词的格 英语中有些名词可以加“s“来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1） 单数名词词尾加“s“，复数名词词尾没有 s，也要加“s“，如 the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加“ “，如：the
13、workers struggle 工人的斗争。3） 凡不能加“s“的名词，都可以用 “名词+of +名词“ 的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示“分别有“ ；只有一个s，则表示 共有。例如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间） John and Marys room（一间）6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or twos absence英语
14、语法专项习题 1-名词单项选择( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Kn
15、ives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _? -Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are f
16、ive_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato( ) 8 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 9 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 10 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B.
17、a news C. the news D. news5( ) 11 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a( ) 12 -Would you like_tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 13 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads
18、 B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )14 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( ) 15 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( )16 Can you g
19、ive me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 17 Please give me _ paper.A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 18 John bought_for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes( ) 19 -How many _ have you got on your farm?
20、-Ive got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 20 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies( ) 21 In the picture there are many_ and two _. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs( )22 A group of_ will visit the museum tom
21、orrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American( )23 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( ) 24 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( ) 25 Children should make_ for old people in a bu
22、s.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room( ) 26 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 27 I wonder why _ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples( ) 28 I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the work
23、s( ) 29 Lets meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. Peoples Park( ) 30 _ Chinese people are _ hard working people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a( ) 31 How many were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. pol
24、ices C. police D. peoples6( )32 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 33 Last week I bought a TV_.A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block( ) 34 There is a _ of wood left on the ground.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair( ) 35 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A.
25、womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 36 There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( ) 37 These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor( )
26、38 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 39 We came to a _ at last .and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop , C. watching shop D. watchs shop( ) 40 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_.A. food sho
27、p B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( )41 She broke a_while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass( )42 Ive forgotten both of the_.A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number( )43. September 10th is_in China.A. Teachers Day B
28、. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day( ) 44 -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, its under_.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine( ) 45 Excuse me, where is the_?A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms( ) 46 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily
29、and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys( ) 47 This is my_dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister, Marys D. sisters Marys( ) 48 He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors( ) 49 Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Ja
30、cks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister( ) 50 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years( ) 51 Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes( ) 52 The post office is a bit far from he
31、re. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk7( ) 53 Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds( ) 54 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows
32、 D. The windows in room( ) 55 Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( ) 56 The workers are repairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. this roof of house( ) 57 Miss Smith is a friend of_.A.
33、 Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers( ) 58 This is a book of _.A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him( ) 59 The post card is sent by _.A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathers C. my father friend D. my father friends( ) 60 Sydney is a city of_.A. America B. Germany C. Au
34、stralia D. Japan( ) 61 My father likes buying us _.A. cars B. flowers C. peasants D. presents( ) 62 In England, the last name is the _.A. full name B. family name C. middle name D. given name( ) 63 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new_.A. shop B. school C. factory D. hospital( ) 64 My father is a_
35、. He works in a hospital.A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. soldier( ) 65 -Which animal lives only in China? -The_.A. tiger B. monkey C. panda D. elephant( ) 66 April come before_and after_.A. March; May B. May; MarchC. June; May D. March; February( ) 67 Which of the following is right?A. China has a
36、 large population. B. China has much population.C. China has many populations. D. China has a great deal of population.( ) 68 Please do like this. Fold the paper_ and cut along the fold.A. into pieces B. in half C. on halves D. to half( ) 69 You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play an
37、other_?A. one B. game C. programme D. piece( ) 70._ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; womanC. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman( )71.Well,you look so happy! -Because Ive got a good _.A.work B. news C.j
38、ob D. ideas ( ) 72. We need to come up with a/an_and make a decision at once.A.information B.advice C.idea D.news8( ) 73. We should not eat _ meat.A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too( ) 74. I dont understand the story though there are _ new words in it.A. few B. little C. a few D. a litt
39、le( )75. What a pity! Liu Xiang didnt win the_hurdles（跨栏）.A.110-meter B.110-meters C.110 meter D.110 meters总复习-代词考点扫描： 代词是代替名词和名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词，按照其不同的含义与作用分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词。约占中考试题的 10%左右，主要考查人称代词的用法，物主代词的用法，反身代词的用法，引导定语从句的关系代词的用法，特殊疑问代词的用法及几组常见代词的用法。知识要点概括：一 人称代词：（人称代词
40、有人称、数、格的变化）单数 复数主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称 it/she/he it/her/him they them1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches _(we) Chinese .2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为:单数:二,三,一 （You, she/ he and I ） 复数:一,二,三 (we , you and they )注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面 .)She and I have been to Beijing. Who broke t
41、he window? I and Mike.注：人称代词的特殊用法(1). 在 but 、 except 、than 、as 和动词 be 之后，人称代词可用主格，亦可用宾格（口语常用宾格） 。E.g. Im thinner than she /her .(2). It 指无生命的东西，天气、时间、距离、形式主语、形式宾语。(3). 指代不明确的人，说话者不清楚或没有必要知道说话对象的性别时，用 it 代替。e.g. Its a lovely baby . Is it a boy or a girl ?二. 物主代词 . (表示所有关系的代词 )第一人称 第二人称 第三人称单数 复数 单数 复
42、数 单数 复数形容词性 my our your your its/his/her their名词性 mine ours yours yours its/his/hers theirs1. 形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。2. 名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与 of 连用。注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.2)形容词性的物主代词与 own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.My own house = a house of my own 三. 反身代词 （表示 “某人自己 ”含义的代词）单数 复数第一人称 myself ours
43、elves第二人称 yourself yourselves第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves9用法：1. 反身代词可用作宾语、表语和同位语。2. 反身代词的常用搭配：enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learnby oneself all by oneself help oneself to look after oneself leave sb. by oneself say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself 四. 指示代词1.
44、近指: this these 远指: that those 2.用法:1)that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That 代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词 .The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _ in Qinghai .The books in that shop are cheaper than _in this shop.A. this B. that C. one D. those 2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that 代替前面提到的句子而 this 代替下面提到的
45、句子.3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而 that 代替对方.五. 不定代词的区别 .1.one 与 it 的区别: one 代替同类事物中的一种. 而 it 代替上文中出现的某事物.This book is a good one. May I borrow it?2.some 与 any 的区别一般情况下,some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定,疑问句,条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用 some 代any. 常用于 could / would / May 开头或 what about /how about . 的句中。3.many 与 much 的区别Many+可数名词的复数 Mu
46、ch+不可数名词 都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词 注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用 many /much .4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别5.each / every 的区别each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而 every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.There are trees and flowers on _ side of the street . _ student has read a story .注:each 可以与 of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而 every 不能与 of 连用.只能放在名词前
