1、Unit 6 Travelling around Asia Grammar一 条 件 状 语 从 句 的 概 念条 件 状 语 从 句 ， 表 示 主 句 动 作 发 生 的 条 件 。 即 在 某 种 条 件 下 ， 一 件 事 情 可 能 发 生 。在 英 语 中 由 连 接 词 if 或 unless 等 引 导 的 状 语 从 句 叫 做 条 件 状 语 从 句 。 条 件 是 指 某一 件 事 情 实 现 之 后 （ 状 语 从 句 中 ） ， 一 件 事 情 （ 主 句 ） 才 能 发 生 ， 通 常 译 作 “假如 ， 只 要 ， 如 果 ”等 意 思 。 条 件 状 语 从 句
2、 中 ， 主 从 句 的 时 态 要 遵 循 “主 将 从 现 ”的原 则 。 即 ， 主 句 是 将 来 时 态 时 ， 从 句 用 一 般 现 在 时 代 替 将 来 时 态 。二 . 条 件 状 语 从 句 的 引 导 词1. If conj . 如果，假如If you ask him， he will help you如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 2. unless conj.除 非 ,若 不 ,除 非 在 的 时 候 （ if .not.）You will f
3、ail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如 果 你 不 早 点 动 身 ,你 就 不 能 及 时 赶 到 那 儿 。 Unless it rains, the game will be played.除 非 下 雨 ,比 赛 将 照 常 进 行 。3. so/as long as conj.只 要 You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只 要 你 保 持 书 的 清 洁 ， 你 就 可 以 把 我 的 书 借 去 。三 关 于 条 件 句 的 时 态 ， 常见的
4、有以下三种情况： 1、条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 2、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 If you want to have a chat ,call me up.如果你想聊天，打我电话。3、如果主句是含有情态动词时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。 四知识拓展1. 在以 when
5、，before，as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句，也适用“主将从现”原则，即如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。she will give you a call as soon as she returns.她一回来就会给你电话。2. If 条件句的同义句：祈使句， and /or+将来时态的陈述句。Work hard ,and you will make great progress.=If you work hard,you will mak
6、e great progress.如果你努力学习，你才会取得大的进步。Hurry up, or you will be late.=If you dont hurry up.you will be late.如果你不快点，你就要迟到了。Unit 6 Travelling around Asia Reading基础部分：1. Reading an article about Shanghai in a travel guide.读旅行指南中一篇有关上海的文章。travel guide“旅游指南，旅游手册” ，可以简称为 guide.I need a travel guide. A travel
7、guide is very important for you.此外，guide 作可数名词，意为“手册，指南，导游” ；作及物动词，意为“引着参观” 。Make a travel guide.做一本旅游手册。 I will buy a guide for travellers.我将买一本旅游指南。 She guides the tourists around the city.她引着游客参观这个城市。2. Listen to a girl talking about three cities in Asia.听一个女孩谈论亚洲三个城市。Asia 名词，意为“亚洲” ；Asian， “亚洲的，
8、严洲人的；亚洲人 ”。East Asia 东亚 China is in East Asia.中国在东亚。China is an Asian country. We are Asians.3. Tell your classmate about some places of interest.告诉你同学一些名胜。place of interest“名胜”There are many places of interest in China.The Great Wall is a place of interest.4. My head was made there.我的头就产于那儿。 be mad
9、e in+地点，意为“产于某地” ，由于 there 是地点副词，故去掉介词 in.成品+be made in+地点 产于某地 原料+be made into+ 成品 被制成成品+be made of+ 原料（看得出，物理）由制成 成品+be made by+ 制造者 被制造成品+be made from+原料（看不出，化学）由制成My piano is made in Beijing. The birthday cake is made by my mother.The table is made of wood. Wine is made from grapes.Grapes are ma
10、de into wine. The bike is made in China.5. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.上海是世界上最大的城市之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词/代词”意为“最之一” ，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Tom is one of the tallest boys in our class. One of us has a travel guide.6. If you like sightseeing, you will love it!如果你喜欢观光，你会爱上它的！(1) 本
11、句为含有 if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时。主句也可以用祈使句或含有情态动词的句子。if 意为“如果” 。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, Ill visit the Great Wall with you.(2) sightseeing 名词， “观光、游览”go sightseeing 去观光 do some sightseeing 游览Why do you go sightseeing? Were going to do some sightseeing because we like its culture.7. Peop
12、les Square is in the centre of Shanghai.人民广场在上海的中心。in the centre of 意为“在的中心” There is a park in the centre of the city.(1) at/ in the centre of 强调“在中心，在中央” 。 in the middle of 强调“在（时间、长度、过程等）的中间” 。He lives in the centre of the town. Dont stand in the middle of the road.(2)centre 名词，意为“中心点，中心” ，强调的是一个
13、点，习惯上指空间的“中央” ，如圆、球体、靶子的“正中心” ；另外，centre 还可表示中心区、中心站或重要活动的中心。 The centre of the circle the shopping centre Hong Kong is a shopping centre.8. It is a large public area with green grass, fountains and birds.它是有绿草、喷泉和鸟儿的大公共地区。 a large public area“大型公众区域” ，我们常用 public area 来指“公共场所、公共区域” area 名词， “区域；地区”
14、 ，还可指“面积”They will build a garden in this area.他们将在这个区域内建一座花园。In some areas, the children walk to school.在有些地区，孩子们走着去上学。介词 with 表示“带有”的意思。The teacher cames in with a book in his hand. 老师走了进来，手里拿了一本书。9. If you visit Peoples Square, you can also see famous building around it, such as the Shanghai Guan
15、d Theatre and the Shanghai Museum.如果你到了人民广场游览，你还可以看到周边的著名建筑，如上海大剧院和上海博物馆。介词“around”意思是“在周围” They went around the town and looked at the shops.可数名词 building,意为“建筑物” ；及物动词 build，意为“ 建筑，建造” 。They will build many buildings in our school.There are two teaching buildings in our school. tall buildings 高楼10
16、. The Bund is where old Shanghai meets new Shanghai.外滩是新旧上海交汇的地方。这是一个 where 引导的表语从句，相当于一个名词。是高中语法知识，理解含义即可。11. If you walk along the Bund, you will see many old buildings.如果你沿着外滩漫步，你将看到很多老建筑。 walk along“沿着走” When we walked along the beach, we saw a whale.Walk along this road, and take the second tur
17、ning on the right.12. The Pudong New Area, just across the Huangpu River, has many modern buildings.就在黄浦江对岸的浦东新区有着很多现代建筑。(1) 副词 just，意为“正好，恰好” ，常用于肯定句。Thats just what I wanted.Its just seven oclock.(2) across 介词，意为“在对面”; across from 意为“在对过”The Smiths live just across the river. They live across from
18、 us.across 作介词“穿过，横过 ”之意，着重从事物表过的一边到另一边；介词through 意为“穿过” ，但它着重指从空间一头到另一头。Dont walk across the road. Light comes in through the window.13. At night, these tall buildings light up the sky in every direction.晚上，这些高楼照亮了四面八方的天空。(1) at night“夜晚，在夜里”(2) light up 意为 “点亮，照亮” Fire lights up the room.Its time
19、to light up the candle.light 动词，意为“照亮，使明亮” ，过去式为 lighted/ lit.light 名词，意为“光，光线” Light travels faster than sound.light 形容词，意为“轻的，浅色的，明亮的” light music light green a light classroom 明亮的教室direction 可数名词，意为“方向” 。 Sound comes in the direction.He looks at the room in every direction.他看看房子四周。注：表示“朝方向” ，用介词
20、in，而不用 to. in all directions= in every direction.四面八方14. Yu Garden is a traditional garden.豫园是一个传统的花园。形容词 traditional 意为“ 传统的” 。 Dumplings are traditional food in China.名词“tradition ”意为“ 传统” 。We have lots of traditions.15. If you enjoy history and natural beauty.如要你喜爱历史和自然美形容词 natural，意为“ 自然的，天然的”;
21、名词 nature，意为“自然，自然界”名词 beauty,意为“美人，美的东西；美丽” ；形容词 beautiful,意为“美的，优美的”There are many plants in the natural world. We all like natural beauty.Nature is the most beautiful in spring. natural gas 天然气 natural science 自然科学natural beauty 自然美 beauty shop 美容院16. You can also buy different snacks just outsid
22、e the garden.你也能在花园外买到不同的小吃。介词 outside,意为“在外面” ，反义词为 inside.相关短语：at the outside 至多，充其量 outside and in 里里外外 outside in 彻底的He goes outside the house. Please wait outside the school gate.17. Sightseeing usually refers to观光通常是指 refer to 意为“提到，涉及，指的是”When I say the thing, I dont refer to you.当我说这件事时，我不是指
23、你。Please dont refer to it again.（回忆：pay for it）referto意为“把提交给” ， “把归功于” （相当于 ownto） ，此处 refer 是及物动词。 They refer the thief to the police.他们把小偷交给了警察。18. Where else can I go?我还可以去哪儿？通常 else 意为“别的，另外” ，修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词，通常后置。What else do you want?你还想要什么？ Anything else?还有别的吗？else 与 otherelse 常用于修饰不定代词、疑问代
24、词或疑问副词，也可修饰 all, much, little 等词，放在其后，作后置定语。此外，else 还可以构成名词所有格，即 elses，意为“另外的，其他的人或物的” 。Why didnt you come? Everyone else was here.Im taking a few clothes and some books, not much else.That must be someone elses pen. Its not my elder sisters.other 作形容词,用以修饰名词或代词，作定语; 此外，other 可作代词，可以单独作主语、宾语、表语，其复数形
25、式为 others.We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects at school.Some students are playing under the tree, others are flying kites over there.提高部分：19. People in Beijing like eating dumpings.北京人喜欢吃水饺。介词短语 in Beijing，意为 “在北京” 。英语中介词短语作定语时，常后置。The students on duty always come early.值日的学生总是早
26、来。eating dumplings 是动名词短语，意为“吃水饺” ，动名词在句中可以做主语、宾语或表语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。I like eating ice cream. Eating too much isnt good for you.My hobby is collecting stamps.dumping 可数名词，意为“水饺” ，常用复数形式 dumplings. I like pork dumplings.20. There are famous temples.有著名的寺庙。temple 可数名词，意为“庙；寺” ；此外，还有“太阳穴，鬓角”之意。My temples
27、ache.21. The main clause talks about the likely result.主句谈论可能的结果。(1)talk about 意为“谈论 ”。Lets talk about this question.talk to/ with sb.意为“与某人交谈” 。Talk to 指一方主动和对方说话；talk with 指双方互动在交谈。talk of 意为“谈到，涉及”(2)likely 形容词，意为“可能的” ，可以作定语或构成 be likely to do sth.结构，likely 在此结构中作表语。The likely time to find him i
28、s at night.Who is likely to win the match?likely 表示有充分根据的预测，possible 指客观上潜在的可能性likely 既可由人作主语，也可由物作主语，通常用于 It is likely that中；possible 不能由人做主语。 He is likely to come late.Its possible for him to come early.22. I sometimes bring the wrong books to school.我有时候上学带错书。bring“带来” ，是指把某物从别的地方带到说话的地方来。Take“带走
29、” ，get/fetch“去取 ”。 Can you bring your photos to school?23. I was away from school today.我今天离开了学校。 be away from 离开He is away from home. My elder brother has been away from us for two years.24. I always feel tired in the morning.我在早上总是觉得累。feel tired 意为“感到累” ，feel 是连系动词（感官动词） ，其后常跟形容词作表语。The silk dress
30、 feel soft.25. I do not know what this word mean.我不知道这个单词是什么意思。(1)mean 及物动词，意为“意思是” ；名词为 meaning. Whats the meaning of？意为“的意思是什么？”What does this word mean?= What do you mean by this word?(2)what this word means 在句中作宾语，称之为宾语从句。What 是引导词，宾语从句用陈述语序。 I know where he lives.26. Mums advice妈妈的建议 advice 不可数
31、名词，意为“建议；劝告；忠告” ，表示“一条建议”用 a piece of advice. give sb. advice/ give advice to sb.给某人提建议give sb. advice on sth.在某方面给某人提建议ask sb. for advice 征求某人的意见take/ follow sb.s advice 接受某人的意思advice 的动词形式为 advise advise sb to do sth.如：He advises me to get up early.27. you will know which books to bring, 你会知道带哪些书。
32、Which books to bring 是疑问词与不定式连用，作动词 know 的宾语。在英语中，动词不定式可以用在疑问词 what, how, where, which 等后面，在句中作宾语等。I dont know what to do. Can you tell me how to get to the library.28. If you make the wheels round如果你让轮子变圆make the wheels round 意为“使轮子变圆” make+宾语+宾补He makes me happy.make+宾语+形容词做宾补 Rainy days make me s
33、ad.make+宾语+动词原形(省 to 不定式作宾补) Tom often makes us laugh.29. The seeds will grow if you plant them in the soil.如果你把它们种在土壤里，这些种子会生长。 plant 及物动词，意为“种植” ，一般指“栽上，种下” ，是一种涉及时间较短的动作或活动；grow 及物动词，意为“种植” ，包含 “种下”及以后的培育的过程。涉及时间较长，可后作是一种过程或状态。 His job is to grow flowers.30. put on“穿上，戴上” ，反方词组为 take off“脱下” ，这两个
34、词组都是强调动作，不能用来表示状态。 wear“穿着” ，强调状态。 put on a shirt put a shirt on/ put it on31. go bad“变质” 此处 go 为连系动词，意为“处于状态” ，后接形容词作表语。表示“变”的连系动词有四个：get 多指时间、天气变化 Its getting dark.turn 多指颜色变化 His face turns red.become 多指逐渐变化 He is becoming famous.go 多指质的变化 The mild is sour. It goes bad.32. We watch television for
35、 pleasure.我们看电视娱乐。名词 pleasure，意为“愉快，高兴，乐事” ；形容词 pleasant,意为“令人愉快的，惬意的” ，常作定语、表语；形容词 pleased，表示“高兴的，喜欢的” ，相当于 happy 或glad,常作表语，与 with 连用，表示“对感到满意”Its a pleasant trip. Our teacher is pleased with us.33. Its in the north-west of Beijing.它在北京的西北部。in the north-west of 意为 “在的西北部”; in the north-east of“在的东
36、北部” ；in the south-east of 意为“在 东南部” ；in the south-west of “在的西南部”总结：in+ the +方位名词 +of 表示“在的某个方位 ”in, on, to 表达方位：in 表示在内部; on 表示在外部且接壤;to 表示在外部且不接壤34. You will see a lot of old buildings and temples. 你会看到很多古老建筑和寺庙。a lot of= lots of 意为“许多” ，后面可接可数名词复数，或不可数名词，相当于 many/ much. I have a lot of books. The
37、re is a lot of rain this summer.a lot 意为“非常，十分” ，相当于 much 或 very much，在句中作状语。I like apples a lot. I feel a lot better.35. Places to visit in Shanghai 在上海游览的地方place to visit 意为“游览的地方” ，此处动词不定式作后置定语，修饰 place.36. Tourists can buy things in the large shops.游客能在大商店里买东西。in 和 at 都可表示地点，而 in 表示的地点在 at 表示的地点
38、大。in the factory in the room in the sun in the middle of at home at a bus stop37. There are some expensive shops and also some cheap ones.有一些昂贵的商店，也有一些便宜的商店. ones 在此处作代词，是 one 的复数形式，泛指前面提到过的某些人或某些物。前面可带冠词、基数词或物主代词。These coats are too expensive.Please show me some cheap ones.There are a lot of sweate
39、rs in our shop.The woolen ones are there.38. One of the most interesting places in Hong Kong is Ocean Park.在香港最有趣的地方之一是海洋公园。 interesting 作形容词，在句中作定语或表语，主要表示某物“有趣的”；interested 作形容词，意为“ 感兴趣的” ，常用词组是 be interested in“某人对某物感兴趣”The boy is very interested in playing computer games.39. or get a birds-eye v
40、iew of the whole park by riding in a cable car.或通过坐缆车鸟瞰整个公园。(1)whole 作形容词，意为 “全部的，所有的，完整的” ；作名词，意为“全部，全体，整体” 。 the whole school I have finished the whole of it.whole 一般与普通形容词一样，将冠词、物主代词等限定词放在其前，而 all 要把限定词放在其后。my whole life= all my life the whole school= all the schoolwhole 一般不修饰不可数名词或物质名词，修饰可数名词复数时
41、一般在其前加数量词，而 all 能用于各种情况。three whole days all the money(2) by riding“通过乘”介词 by 此处表示手段、方法、原因，意为 “用/ 凭方法/手段”其后常接动名词，作方式状语。 Do you study English by listening to tapes?(3)表示乘坐某种交通工具的 in, by 与 onin 表示乘坐某种交通工具时，交通工具名词前通常有冠词或物主代词修饰，in 侧重于在里面。 in a car; in a taxi; in a boat; in a lift/ elevator; in a helicop
42、ter.by 表示乘坐某种交通工具时，交通工具前不能用任何冠词，也不能加任何修饰词。by bus; by bike; by car; by train; by plane; by shipon 表示乘坐某种交通工具时，交通工具名词前面通常也有冠词或物主代词修饰，on侧重于平面。 on a bus; on a train; on a plane; on a ship; on a bicycle; on a horse40. They are natural or man-made places.它们是自然的或人造的地方。合成词 man-made“人造的，人工的” ，常见的合成形容词有：kind-
43、hearted middle-aged hard-working41. We protect these places because they are very special and important to world cultrue.我们保护这些地方，因为它们对世界文化很特殊、很重要。because 引导原因状语从句( 与 so 不能同时用一个句子中，只能用一个);because of 意为“因为，由于” ，是介词短语，其后接名词、代词或动名词。 Because of the rain, we have to stay at home.42. China has the third m
44、ost heritage sites in the world after Italy and Spain.在世界上继意大利和西班牙之后，中国有第三多遗产故址。the third most 意为“第三多的” ，形容词最高级前加序数词，常表示 “第几最”The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.in the world 意为“在世界上” ；around the world 意为“世界各地，全世界，环游世界”in the world/ on earth 等放在疑问词之后，起加强语气的作用，意为 “究竟，到底” 。43. You ca
45、n find a list of the sites on the Internet.你可以在因特网上找到这些故址的清单。a list of“一列，清单” a list of shopping= a shopping list 一张购物清单此外，list 还可作动词，意为“把列为清单”He listed the things he wanted.他把他想要的东西列成一张清单。练习：1. Youll have an exam soon. I think you should spend _ time on your homework.Aless Bmore Cfewer Dshorter2.Da
46、vid is_ student in our class. Nobody is taller than him.A. tall B. taller C. the tallest3.Which is_, a monkey, a mouse, or a lion?Abig Bbigger Cthe biggest Dbiggest4.Tom is one of _ boys. He studies _.A. best, the most careful B. the best, most carefullyC. the most, the more careful D. best, most ca
47、refully5.New York is one of _ on the east coast of the USA .A. biggest city B. the biggest city C. biggest cities D. the biggest cities6.His school is 5 kilometers（公里） _ his home.A. to B. from C. away D. far7.It will _ us 2 hours _ to the park.A. spend, to go B. take, going C. take, to go D. spend,
48、to go8.Tom _ much time _his family.A. spend, on B. take, on C. takes, with D. spends, with9.Jim _ go to the party if he finish（完成）the homework today.A. is able to B. will be able to C. will is able to D. will be able10.They _ go to the park, because it is raining outside.A. will not be able to B. l are not able to C. able to D. will be able11.Tom is able to _ a bike.A. rides B. riding C. to ride D. ride12.My mother has to get up early_ the first bus.A. catch B. to catch C. catches D. catching13.We _ spend some time with our homework ever
