1、Chinese Medical Herbs,The origin of the Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Development of the Science of TCM,Dating back to the ancient China, our ancestor wrote the “Fifty-two disease party(五十二病方）”, which records more than 300 prescriptions and 200 kinds of drugs. Besides, in the book “Rites of Z
2、hou(周礼）”,there are some contents about “the five flavors , the five cereals (rice ,two kinds of millet, wheat and beans.)”,Collect and process of TCM （中药的采制）,Processing（炮制）,preparation （制剂）,The Performance of the TCM (中药的性能）,It can also called drug properties(药性）, and it mainly conclude “four nature
3、s of drugs（四气）”，“the five flavors(五味）”，“channel tropism trupizm （归经）”，“ascending and descending, floating and sinking （升降浮沉）”，“toxicity（毒性）”，and etc.,Four Natures of Drugs（四气）,It refers to the four properties of drugs, that is, cold, hot ,warm and cool. It reflects the bodys effect of inclination(作用
4、倾向）of the ups and downs of Yin and Yang （阴阳盛衰）and the Semi-interior phase change(寒热变化）after the drugs acting on the body.,In the book “Sheng Nongs herbal classic(神农本草经），there is a basic principle in treating Cold symptoms（真热假寒证），which is that “ Treat the cold with hot medicine, treat the hot with co
5、ld medicine.（疗寒以热药，疗热以寒药）”,The Five Flavors（五味）,It contains five basic herbal medicines in a prescription（药味）pungent，sweet, sour, bitter, and salty . It can divided into two parts,Yin : pungent， sweet,Yang： sour, bitter, and salty,The efficacities（功效） of five flavors,Pungent：functions of volatilizat
6、ion（发散），promoting the circulation of Qi（行气），invigorating the circulation of blood（活血），and etc. Its always used to treat Exterior Syndrome(表证），such as herba ephedra（麻黄）. Sweet: functions of tonifying（补益），harmonizing the middle warmer（和中），regulating herbal property （调和药性）and alleviating pain(缓急止痛）.,Th
7、e efficacities（功效） of five flavors（2）,Sour: has the actions of astringing（收敛），inducing astringency（固涩）. Bitter: has the functions of depriving the evil wetness(燥湿），discharging the defecation(通泄大便）. Salt: functions of softening hardness to dissipate stagnation(软坚散结） and defecation.,The Philosophic Fo
8、undation of TCM- wu xing theory,Metal One of the five phaseswith which the season autumn the color white the taste acridity-pungent and the lung and large intestine in the body are associated.,Wood One of the five phases with which the season spring the color blue or green the taste sourness and the
9、 liver and gallbladder in the body are associated,Fire One of the five phases with which the season summer the color red the taste bitterness and the heart and small intestine in the body are associated,Water (1) One of the five phases with which the season winter the color black the taste saltiness
10、 and the kidney and bladder in the body are associated; (2)Pathologic aspect of body fluid,Earth One of the five phases with which the season of late summerthe color yellow the taste sweetness and the spleen and stomach in the body are associated.,Ascending and Descending, Floating and Sinking （升降浮沉
11、）,It refers to the drugs four different function trend （up ,down, inside and ouside)to the body.,Channel Tropism trupizm (归经),It refers to the drugs selective function to some part of the body. That is to say ,one kind of drug has a main or special treating function for the pathological changes（病变）o
12、f some organs and meridians （脏腑器官).,Toxicity（毒性）,It has two meaning in history.,: the bias ( 偏性）that the drug has when used in treating diseases.,:the adverse effect（不良影响）and the damage that the drug do to the body.,The application of TCM,Compatibility of medicines(配伍）：means that making use of two o
13、r more than two kinds of drugs selectively according to different needs and different features of the patients condition.It can be concluded by seven aspects, which called the “seven emotions” of the drugs.,The Compatibility of Herbs( seven emotions),Single application （单行） Synergism （相须） Mutual ass
14、istance（相使） Mutual inhibition（相畏） Mutual detoxification（相杀） Mutual antagonism（相恶） Incompatibility（相反）,Contraindication in Using Herbs (用药禁忌）, Incompatibility ：- eighteen incompatible medicaments（十八反）-nineteen counteraction（十九畏） Contraindication during pregnancy（妊娠用药禁忌） Dietary Taboos during taking t
15、he medicine （服药时的饮食禁忌）:,Dosage and usage,The usage:- Decoction（煎煮方法）Be decocted first（先煎）Put the medicine next （后下）Drug wrapped during decocted（包煎）,Exterior-releasing medicine(解表药),It refers a category of medicines that have the effect of dispelling external pathogen from the exterior aspect of the
16、body, usually from sweating .,Wind-cold dispersing medicine (发散风寒药）,Wind-heat dispersing medicine （发散风热药）,Wind-cold-dispersing medicine,Example Ginger（生姜）,Drug Properties: Pungent, warm. In the liver, stomach, spleen.,Efficacy： warming middle energizer arrest vomiting(温中止呕）， Exterior-releasing ,and
17、dissipating cold (解表散寒）,Application: ） vomiting due to coldness in stomach （胃寒呕吐） ）cold cough（风寒咳嗽） ）common cold due to wind-cold（风寒感冒）,草类及叶类中药 叶类指干，枯，嫩叶，如苦竹叶和侧柏叶；单复叶如番泻叶，都统称Folium。,Wind-heat dispersing medicine,Example:Folium Mori,Drug Properties: sweet,bitter,cold. In liver, lung.,Efficacy： dispel
18、ling wind and heat from the body （疏散风热），clearing the lung and moistening dryness（清肺润燥），Liver Eyesight（清肝明目，restrain the liver Yang （平抑肝阳）,Application: Wind-heat exterior syndrome （风热表证） cough with lung heat （肺热咳嗽），cough caused by dryness-heat（燥热咳嗽）and so on.,Heat-clearing medicinal material （清热药）,De
19、finition ：a category of medicine that have the effect of clearing up internal heat in cases of externally contracted febrile diseases or fever due to yin deficiency.,Heat-clearing and fire-clearing drug（清热泻火）,Heat-clearing and damp-drying drug （清热燥湿）,Clearing away heat and toxic material（清热解毒）,Remov
20、ing pathogenic heat from blood drug（清热凉血）,中草药（Chinese herbal medicines),中药的译名国际上是根据动植物学名中属名或种名加上其根，茎，花，实，叶，皮及全草等药用部分共同组成的。,根类中药,板蓝根 Radix 黄连 Rhizoma 连翘 Forsythia 甘草 Licorice,茎类中药,竹茹 Caulis 桑寄生 Cacumen 通草 Medulla,皮类中药,桔梗 Dry orange peel 阿胶（驴皮）Corium 丹皮Cortex radicis 陈皮 Pericarpium,花类中药,红花 Flos 夏枯草 Sp
21、ica 金银花 Gemma,果实及种子类中药,樱桃核 Nux 柿蒂Calyx 肉豆蔻 Semen,中医药药剂的英语译名,1.药剂专用词（Medicine terms)浸膏 extractum气雾剂 aerosolum胶囊剂 capsulae水剂 solution,茶，酒（drinks, tonic),长寿长乐补酒 Happy Longevity Tonic龟寿酒 Tortoise Longevity Tonic药酒 medicated wine 人参茶 Renshen Drink (花旗参茶 Ginseng root tea)蚁宝茶 Ant Essence Drink凉茶 herbal tea
22、,素，精（extracts),乌鸡精 Black-Bone Chicken Tonic蜂王精 Roy extracts蜂王浆 Spirits of honey,冲剂，汤，水，液或露(syrup),板兰根冲剂 Banlangen Drink藿香正气水 Herbal Agastachis Syrup,洗剂，搽剂（Lotion),膏药 Plaster防晒油 Sunlotion,中药音译,逍遥散 Xiaoyao Powder 二陈汤 Erchen Decoction,中药音译混译,贵州神奇 Guizhou Wonder Drugs中国药膳 Chinese herbal cuisine,直译,玉瓶散 J
23、ade Screen Powders小青龙散 Small Blue Dragon Powder,中药其他译法,1.以所含主要药加上功能来命名 丹参注射液 Intejectio Salviae Miltiorrhizae2.以研制者姓名加上主要药的药名或功能来命名 阴虚丸 Pills for yin Asthenia,3.以药物产地来命名天台乌药散 Powder of Tiantai Linderae 4.以方剂主治病症来命名 清风散 Powder for Dispersing Wind-Evil 5.以方剂的形状，颜色来命名 紫雪丹 Purple-snow Pellet,6.中药医疗器械 减肥
24、腰带 diet medicinal belt 7.以所含药物数加方剂的功能来译六味地黄丸 Pill of six drugs containing rehmanniae praeparata,医疗机构翻译,国家中医药管理局State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 中国中医药行政主管部门。中华中医药学会 China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy 中国中医药全国性学术团体。世界针灸学会联合会 The World Federation of Acupun
25、cture-Moxibustion Societies 中国针灸国际性学术团体。,中国针灸学会 China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 中国针灸全国性学术团体。 中国中西医结合学会 Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine 中国中西医结合全国性学术团体。 中国民族医药学会 Chinese Association of Minority Medicine 中国少数民族医药全国性学术团体。,小组介绍,主讲人： 李辉 范佳慧 材料整理：王薇 ppt制作： 高珊我们的口号：我们很年轻，我们很直溜！ ！,
