1、广东省揭阳市第一中学 2018 届高三上学期第二次阶段考试英语试题第卷第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B 、C、和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMelbourne, AustraliaMelbourne is a hotspot travel destination, and its easy to see its beautiful beaches and busy city life.Why its a great choice: Australia as a w
2、hole is considered a safe destination for international travel, and because of that, many solo travelers go there. As an English-speaking country, you wont be faced with any language barriers. Melbourne is easy to get around because you can walk or bike practically anywhere!ThailandThailand is great
3、 for solo travelers perhaps because it is one of the Buddhist mindsets, which promote equality among the sexes.Why its a great choice: Thailand is known for its friendly atmosphere, and as a travel hotspot, there are plenty of chances to meet other like-minded travelers. Well known for being very ch
4、eap, especially in the north. A good choice if you want to get away on a budget. Thailand has a lot to offer, from the party- central Bangkok to beautiful beaches and tropical (热带的) jungle.Hong Kong, ChinaHong Kong is a great place to relax for solo travelers as it is full of “Zen Moments”, such as
5、beautiful gardens and Tai Chi classes.Why its a great choice: Hong Kong is regarded as one of the safest cities in the world. If youre not well traveled, or perhaps a bit tired of things like language barriers, Hong Kong is a great place to start, as it mixes both Eastern and Western at the same tim
6、e.Bali, IndonesiaBali is a spiritual place with yoga, spas, healthy food and beaches. The combination of friendly people and splendid visual culture has made Bali number one tourist attraction.Why its so great: you wont be the only solo traveler in Bali. Everyone is known for being extremely friendl
7、y and youre sure to meet some amazing characters along the way. As a Hindu island, Bali is the perfect place for a relaxing and spiritual retreat (静修). The Sacred Monkey Foresting Ubud is fantastic 一 if you like monkeys, anyway.1. What do the four places have in common according to the text?A. Theyr
8、e cheap to travel around. B. Theyre great for solo travelers.C. They offer good spas and yoga. D. Therere no language barriers.2. Where can you enjoy both convenient transport and beautiful beaches?A. Melbourne, Australia. B. Thailand.C. Hong Kong, China. D. Bali, Indonesia.3. What has made Bali No.
9、1 tourist attraction?A. Yoga, spas, healthy food and beaches.B. Friendly people and splendid visual culture.C. Meeting some amazing characters along the way.D. Fantastic monkeys in the Sacred Monkey Forest.4. What type of writing is this text?A. A travel journal. B. A business report.C. A travel gui
10、de. D. A press advertisement.【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C【解析】本文主要介绍了澳大利亚墨尔本、泰国、中国香港和印度尼西亚的巴厘岛等地旅游景点的特色。1. 细节推理题。通读全文这四个景点中都有关键词 solo travelers，据此推断这四个地方都适合自由旅行者旅行，故选 B.2. 细节推理题。由文章 Melbourne, Australia 部分的首句 Melbourne is a hot-spot travel destination, and its easy to see why with its beautiful beaches an
11、d busy city life. 和尾句Melbourne is easy to get around because you can walk or bike practically anywhere!可知墨尔本有美丽的海滩，也有便利的交通，故选 A.3. 细节推理题。由文章 Bali, Indonesia 部分第二句话The combination of friendly people and splendidly visual culture has made Bali Indonesia number one tourist attraction. 可知印尼巴厘岛人们的友好和绝美的文
12、化让它成为最吸引人的地方，故选 B.4. 推理判断题。通读全文可知该文章主要介绍了世界上四个著名的旅游景点，应该出现在旅游导游册中，故选 C。【名师点睛】做好细节理解题的几点建议：细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织
13、模式及有关的信息词。如 for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。比如文章第 1 题，通读全文这四个景点中都有关键词 solo travelers，据此推断这四个地方都适合自由旅行者旅行，故选 B.第 2 题由文章 Melbourne, Australia 部分的首句 Melbourne is a hot-spot travel destination, and its easy to see why with
14、its beautiful beaches and busycity life. 和尾句Melbourne is easy to get around because you can walk or bike practically anywhere!可知墨尔本有美丽的海滩，也有便利的交通，故选 A.第 3 题由文章 Bali, Indonesia 部分第二句话The combination of friendly people and splendidly visual culture has made Bali Indonesia number one tourist attraction
15、. 可知那里人们的友好和绝美的文化让它成为最吸引人的地方，故选 B.BI log onto a computer at the doctors office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There, a robotic nurse directs me onto a device and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a ro
16、bot. He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription (处方). I pay for my visit using a credit card machine and return home without having met another human being.When I call my dentists office and actually get a human being on the line, I am thrilled. And when I see the introduction of yet more
17、 self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like shouting, “When it comes to cashiers, make mine human, please!”After all, human cashiers sometimes give you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are buying. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly
18、cute children, which can brighten a young mothers day. A cashier may also show compassion (同情) for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of her purse.What technological device would do any of this? I dont want to go back to the Stone Age, but Im also worried about a world run by ma
19、chines. Sometimes when youre chatting with someone, you discover things you need to know. Maybe a receptionist needs prayers said for a sick child. Maybe a salesperson can offer a bit of encouragement to a customer who is feeling tired.Machines can be efficient and cost-effective and they often get
20、the job done just fine. But they lack an element so important to everyday life.Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have. It is being human that prompts us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.5. Whats the authors purpose in writin
21、g the first two paragraphs?A. To indicate high technology can make our future life very easy.B. To describe a possible future scene where robots take control of our life.C. To warn readers of the possible dangers of robotic nurses and doctors.D. To predict how technology can affect the way we see a
22、doctoring the future.6. Why does the author prefer being served by humans rather than by robots?A. Robots are indifferent and emotionless.B. Robots cant provide efficient services.C. Robots dont offer to give store coupons.D. Robots are unable to do a job as well as humans.7. Whats the authors attit
23、ude towards machines?A. He wishes one day they would come to life.B. He is absolutely against their existence in his life.C. He doesnt like they get involved in his life too much.D. He is afraid they would take the place of human beings.【答案】5. B 6. A 7. C【解析】文章讲述了现代科技在给人类带来方便的同时，也显露出缺乏温情的缺点。5. 推理判断题
24、。文章前两段描写的是作者去医院看病，从头到尾全是机器人在操作，没有一个人类，故作者描述的是将来机器人掌控我们的生活时一个可能出现的场景，故选 B。6. 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段及倒数第一段中的 Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have.可知，机器人可能会把工作做得很好，效率很高，但是它缺少对人们来说很重要的一个因素情感，机器人没有感情，当然对所有的事都不关心，所以作者更喜欢被人类服务，故选 A。CAre you content with the shape of
25、your nose? If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents.This is according to a recent study carried out by scientists from Pennsylvania State University, US. They found that climate played a key role in shaping our noses. The findings were based on an examination of the size and shape of no
26、ses of 476 people from four regions-West Africa, East Asia, South Asia and Northern Europe, using 3-D facial imaging technology.“People have thought for a long time the difference in nose shape among humans across the world may have arisen as a result of natural selection because of climate,” Arslan
27、 Zaidi, one of the lead authors of the study, told The Guardian. But while previous studies were based on measurements from human skulls, Zaidi and his team looked at nose shape itself.The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climates, while narrower noses are more common
28、 in cold and dry climates. That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it，which is easier on our lungs. This, in turn, led to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator.More study is still
29、 needed to test the link between climate and nose shape, but Zaidi believes the current findings are valuable in understanding potential health issue. “As we become more of a global community, we are going to come across climates that we are not adapt to,” he told the Guardian. This means moving to
30、a very different climate might increase the risk of breathing problems.However, he added, “This may not be necessarily true for various reasons such as of modern medicine and the fact that our current climate is very different from what it used to be.”8. From the passage we know most people from Sin
31、gapore have _ noses.A. wider B. narrowerC. smaller D. larger9. Narrower noses are helpful to _.A. cool the air B. warm the airC. take in more oxygen D. dry the air10. What can be learned about the study?A. Zaidis team measured human skull using 3-D technology.B. Shapes of our noses are determined by
32、 our parents.C. Nose shape helps people adapt to the environment.D. Its certain that people will suffer from more breathing problems.11. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. What factors shape noses?B. How to make your nose attractive?C. Nose shapes cause breathing problems
33、D. Climate shapes noses【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D【解析】鼻子长啥样，关键看气候。根据美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究发现鼻型帮助人们适应环境。鼻子宽大的人们适应温暖潮湿的气候，鼻子窄小的更适应寒冷干燥的气候。8. 推理判断题。根据第四段 The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climates得知鼻子宽大的人们适应温暖潮湿的气候，新加坡四季如春，雨量充足 ,空气湿度高,气候温暖而潮湿,可以判断出来自新加坡的人们鼻子较大。故选 A。9. 推理判断题。根据第
34、四段 That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it，which is easier on our lungs.得知鼻子窄小可以帮助增加空气湿度，加热空气。故选 B。10. 推理判断题。根据第四段 The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climates, while narrower noses are
35、more common in cold and dry climates.得知鼻型帮助人们适应环境。鼻子宽大的人们适应温暖潮湿的气候，鼻子窄小的更适应寒冷干燥的气候。故选 C。11. 主旨大意题。根据首段得知 If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents. 鼻子长啥样，关键看气候。最佳标题是气候形成鼻型。故选 D。【名师点睛】4D【解题剖析】此题属于主旨大意中的（1）一一标题类。文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强
36、，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。答案需要理解文章后归纳文章中心。【答案定位】根据首段得知 If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents. 鼻子长啥样，关键看气候。最佳标题是气候形成鼻型。【推理关系】题干 Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?文章内容 If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents. 概括总结气候形成鼻型标题【答案】根据 If not, the climate may be
37、 to blame, not your parents.总结概括文章D 选项 Climate shapes nosesDRobot Surgeon (外科医生) Succeeds without Help from Human DoctorsHumans make mistakes. Even surgeons with years of experience are not infallible. But what if these doctors could pool their knowledge and experience together and create a surgical
38、 standard of care, to be carried out by machines?Thats the idea behind surgical robots, which may soon perform most surgeries, from sewing up tiny wounds to performing heart procedures. Many of these operations are, in fact, already completed with the assistance of robots. But a recent test suggests
39、 that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further, performing on soft tissue completely on their own, from start to finish.The Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR), successfully completed surgeries on pigs. “Were the first group to develop autonomous robotic surgery with soft-tissue surg
40、ery, and when compared to standard operation, its better, ”says Peter Kim, professor of surgery. “The idea is not to replace surgeons; it will make the surgeons better and make the procedures safer.”A recent Mayo Clinic study found that major surgical errors-including operating on the wrong site or
41、side of the body, or even leaving tools or objects inside the patient-occur every one out of 22, 000procedures. Thats rare, but robots like STAR would aim to lower the number even further.In the da Vinci surgical system, surgeons place their arms inside instruments and use their hands to control the
42、 movement of robotic tools on the operating table from afar. The robots every major move is controlled by surgeons, and thus its results may vary based on the surgeons training or experience.STAR, on the other hand, is entirely autonomous. Its not only able to work on its own and perform surgeries w
43、ith a more flexible “hand”, but its able to react to the unexpected incidents. Cutting into hard tissue like bones is one thing, but operating on moving soft tissue is far more complex. STAR reacts to a changing environment, similar to how self-driving cars are programmed to not only drive on the hi
44、ghway, but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way.12. The underlined word “infallible” in Paragraph 1 probably means _.A. always right B. really creativeC. rather responsible D. quite smart13. We can learn from the passage that STAR _.A. has been widely used in the ope
45、rating roomB. can perform the operation on its ownC. can make surgeries much fasterD. will take the place of surgeons14. In the da Vinci surgical system, _.A. robots are trained from afarB. surgery results depend on surgeonsC. robots always make mistakesD. surgeons have trouble controlling robots15.
46、 In the last paragraph, the author mentions selfdriving cars in order to show _.A. how bad getting in another drivers way might beB. how difficult selfdriving on the highway isC. how smart an autonomous robot can beD. how dangerous operating on people is.【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C【解析】本文主要描述了智能组织自动机
47、器人的发明能帮助外科医生进行手术，展示了现代机器人的有效性和实用性12. 词义猜测题，根据前面提到的 Humans make mistakes“人都会犯错误“，可以推测即使有着多年经验的外科医生也不总是对的，故选 A13. 细节理解题，根据句子 But a recent test suggests that robots in the operating room may soon go a step further，performing on soft tissue completely on their own，from start to finish可知，STAR 会自己进行手术，故选
48、B14. 细节理解题，根据倒数第二段 The robots every major move is controlled by surgeons，and thus its results may vary based on the surgeons training or experience可知，达芬奇手术系统的结果完全取决于外科医生的水平，故选 B15. 细节理解题，根据句子 STAR reacts to a changing environment，similar to how selfdriving cars are programmed to not only drive on th
49、e highway，but also react to another driver making a mistake and getting in your way可知，自动驾驶汽车不仅能在高速公路行驶，还能根据不同的情境做出反应，作者提及自动驾驶汽车为了说明现在的自动机器人是如何聪明，故选 C第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Do you ever feel like you read something over and over but you just cant seem to remember it? _16_. However, we all have to do it at some point for work or for school. Here are a few steps tha
