1、2018 届安徽省合肥市高三第一次质检英语试题（含答案） ） （解析版）注意事项：1.本卷为合肥高三年级第一次质检试卷，分两卷。其中共 72 题，满分 150 分，考试时间为120 分钟。2.考生领取到试卷后，应检查试卷是否有缺页漏页，重影模糊等妨碍答题现象，如有请立即向监考老师通报。开考前 15 分钟后，考生禁止入场，监考老师处理余卷。3.请考生将答案填写在答题卡上，选择题部分请用 2B 铅笔填涂，非选择题部分请用黑色0.5mm 签字笔书写。考试结束后，试题卷与答题卡一并交回。预祝考生考试顺利第 I 卷 选择题（共 100 分）第一部分听力(共两节,满分 30 分）第一节（共 5 小题,每小
2、题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.例：1.What does the man want to do?A. Interview the manager. B. Apply for a job. C. Ask for direction.2. What does the mother want the boy to do?A. Read a book. B. Climb the mountain.
3、C. Wait for her.3.Who broke the coffee cup?A. The man B. The woman . C. John.4.Where does this conversation probably take place?A .In a bookstore. B. In a classroom. C. At home.5.Why is the woman not sure 0f finishing the report today?A. She cant type fast. B. The computer may break down. C. The rep
4、ort is too long.第二节（共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话.每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳 选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间.每段对话读两遍.听第 6 段材料,回答第 6、7 题.6. What are the speakers talking about.A.Holiday plans. B. European cities. C. Health problems.7. Where will Michelle b
5、e faring the vocation ?A. In London. B. At home. C. In hospital.听第 7 段材料,回答第 8、9 题.8. Whats the hospital doing?A. Giving a hospital lesson.B. Preparing a pressentation.C. Working on a problem.9. What will the probably talk about next ?A. When Columbus discovered America.B. What the New World stands
6、for.C.Who was the first European to discover American.听第 8 段材料,回答第 10 至 12 题.10. How long will the man be away?A. A month. B.Nearly a week. C. Three days.11. Who will take care of Ronger?A. His father B. His mother. C. The woman.12. What do we know about The woman ?A. She is a i teacher. B.She still
7、 works. C. She likes children.听第 9 段材料,回答第 13 至 16 题.13.How many people will probably go hiking?A. More than 4. B. About 5. C. Mort than 6.14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Close friends. B.Boss and clerk. C. Husband and wife.15. Who will be likely to take charge of the a
8、utdoor activity?A. Helen B.Susan. C.John.16. What will Jane and Hellen do next weekend?A.Enjoy themselves with susan.B. Go hiking in the mountains.C. Do some holiday shopping.听第 10 段材料,回答第 17 至 20 题.17. How long did Miss Brown teach the students?A. Two years. B.Three years. C .Four years.18. How do
9、the students like Miss Brown?A. Clever and thoughtful. B. Rude and strict. C.Kind and patient.19. Why do student like Miss Browns lessons?A. They are easy to follow.B. They are lively and interesting.C. She is not strict with the students .20. What do the students owe their progress to?A. Miss Brown
10、s help. B. The English exams. C. Their hard work.二.阅读理解（每题 2 分，共 40 分）第一部分 阅读下面的文章，从每题后面所给的四个选项中选出正确的一项。ACamels are large animals living in dry areas. There are two species of camels; the Arabian camel with a single hump(驼背 ) from the dry desert areas of West Asia, and the Bactrian camel with two hu
11、mps from Central and East Asia. Camels are over 7 feet tall and weigh over 1,600 pounds. They will live up to 40 to 50 years. Most camels are domesticated(驯化 ) and fed by people. Camels are plant-eatersCamels are very strong animals with wide, padded feet. They have thick leathery pads on their knee
12、s and chest. Camels have nostrils(鼻孔)that can open and close, protecting them from the desert environment. Bushy eyebrows and two rows of long eyelashes protect their eyes from sand. Their mouth is extremely tough, allowing camels to eat thorny(带刺的 )desert plants. Their widened feet help them move w
13、ithout sinking into the sand. Their thick coats reflect sunlight, and also protect them from the intense heat from desert sand. Their long legs help by keeping them further from the hot groundCamels can go without food and water for 3 to 4 days. They do not store water in their humps as is commonly
14、believedThe humps are actually a container of fat. Camels are incredibly well-adapted to their environment. When conditions heat up, camels can increase their own body temperature, which prevents sweating and therefore water loss. They may not sweat at all during the dayCamels are sometimes called“s
15、hips of the desert”because people ride them around the hot, dry deserts of the worldHowever, the number of camels is becoming smaller for various reasons1. According to the passage, camels usually live in _A. Asia B. AfricaC. America D. Australia2. Paragraph 2 is mainly about _A. camels are useful a
16、nimals B. camels are clever animalsC. camels body structure and function D. camels characteristics and habits3. The reason why camels lose little water in deserts is that they _A. get water from green foods B. can adjust their temperatureC. store enough water in the humps D. can manage without water
17、4. What will the author probably talk about following the last paragraph?A. Ways to protect camels B. Habitats of camelsC. Reasons for raising camels D. Functions of camels【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A【解析】试题分析：本文介绍了骆驼，包括居住的地域、种类、身体结构等。1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段的描述 “There are two species of camels; the Arabian camel
18、 with a single hump(驼背) from the dry desert areas of West Asia, and the Bactrian camel with two humps from Central and East Asia.”可知，骆驼主要居住在亚洲（西亚、中亚和东亚） ，故选 A。2. C 段落大意题。通读第二段，可看出此段阐述了骆驼的身体结构及功能。故答案 C 正确。3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中 Camels are incredibly well-adapted to their environment. When conditions heat
19、up, camels can increase their own body temperature, which prevents sweating and therefore water loss. They may not sweat at all during the day.可知，骆驼在沙漠中几乎不失去水分的原因是他们能够调节自身的温度，阻止水分蒸发。故答案为 B。4. A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 However, the number of camels is becoming smaller for various reasons.可知，然而，骆驼的数量因为各种原因
20、越来越少；故推断下一段最可能阐述保护骆驼的方法，故答案为 A。考点：考查科普类短文阅读【名师点睛】我们在做阅读理解时，几种阅读方法（泛读，略读，查读）会交叉使用到，具体步骤为：（1）先精读问题，了解题后做到心中有数。（2）用目光略读全文，捕捉有关信息。可利用标题、主题句等。例如，读记叙文时我们要问 5W，即为何(Why)、什么(What)、谁(Who)、何时(When)、何地(Where)、怎样(How)。例如要找一个人名，我们可以直接找到含有这个人名的句子。（3）停下来读这个句子。如果是答案。我们这个问题就解决了，如果不是，可以继续搜寻查找。同时注意一些关键的提示词和标点符号。BNew Ze
21、aland will create one of the largest marine protected areas in the world, spanning an area of 620,000 sq km.The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary (保护区) will be one of the worlds most significant fully protected ecosystems, the prime minister of New Zealand, John Key, told the UN General Assembly in New York.
22、The sanctuary is in the South Pacific Ocean, about 1,000 km north-east of New Zealand, and expands a marine reserve that surrounds some small islands. The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity, featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins, 150 types of fish and three of the wor
23、lds seven sea turtle species. It is also geologically significant, including the worlds longest chain of underwater volcanoes and the second deepest ocean trench, into 10 km underwater deeper than Mount Everests height. The scale of the sanctuary will dwarf (矮化) any previous New Zealands protected a
24、rea, spanning twice the size of the countrys mainland. It will cover 15% of New Zealands economic zone.Commercial and recreational fishing will be completely banned, as will oil, gas and mineral prospecting (勘探), exploration and mining. Keys government aims to pass legislation establishing the sanct
25、uary next year.“The sanctuary is a world-class, unspoiled marine environment and New Zealand is proud to protect it for future generations,“Key said.“New Zealanders value our coasts and oceans, which are an important part of our culture, economy and environment and we are committed to managing them
26、sustainably. Creating protected areas will support not only our own fisheries, but those of our Pacific neighbors, adding to New Zealands efforts to help grow Pacific economies through the responsible management of their ocean resources.“Nick Smith, New Zealands environment minister, said the sanctu
27、ary might impose a cost upon the mining industry but that it is important to protect the ocean before exploration takes place.“New Zealand needs to use its vast ocean resources for jobs and exports in industries like fishing, aquaculture, minerals and energy, but we also need to set aside special ar
28、eas where nature comes first and marine life is fully protected,“Smith said.New Zealand will monitor the area via its navy and satellite technology. The Kermadec region will join three other key areas in the Pacific protected by the US, the UK and Australia.Matt Rand, director of the Pew Charitable
29、Trusts Global Ocean Legacy (遗产) campaign, welcomed Keys announcement.“New Zealand will create the gold standard of conservation areas in the sanctuary, preserving one of the few ly unspoiled areas of ocean on Earth,“he said.“This commitment is an exciting step toward meeting global goals to safeguar
30、d at least 30% of the ocean through fully protected marine reserves.“5. Why is the Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary important in biodiversity?A. It has a superior geographical location.B. It has many different kinds of sea animals.C. Its environment is suitable for the growth of marine life.D. It is the onl
31、y unspoiled area of ocean remained on Earth.6. Which of the following will Key probably agree on?A. People are allowed to fish for fun in the sanctuary.B. All Pacific countries should be responsible for ocean resources.C. New Zealanders attach great importance to protecting the sanctuary.D. New Zeal
32、and has made great achievement in creating protected areas.7. What can we infer from what Nick Smith said?A. New Zealand should develop its marine industry in special areas.B. The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary may affect New Zealands mining industry.C. New Zealand hasnt figured out how to make full use o
33、f its ocean resources.D. Measures should be taken immediately to protect the ocean after explorations.【答案】5. B 6. C 7. B【解析】试题分析：本文介绍了新西兰将打造一个世界上规模最大的海洋保护区。【小题 1】B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity, featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins, 150 types
34、of fish and three of the worlds seven sea turtle species.（就生物多样性而言，该地区被认为是重要的，具有近 35 种的鲸鱼和海豚，150 种鱼和 7 种世界海龟中的 3 种）可知，这个海域有众多的海洋生物，这对生物多样性是很重要的。故选 B。【小题 2】C 推理判断题。根据第五段中 New Zealanders value our coasts and oceans, which are an important part of our culture, economy and environment and we are committ
35、ed to managing them sustainably. 我们新西兰人民珍惜自己的海岸和海洋，这是我们文化、经济和环境的重要组成部分，我们致力于可持续管理。 ）可知，Key 会同意 C 项观点。【小题 3】B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句 Nick Smith, New Zealands environment minister, said the sanctuary might impose a cost upon the mining industry but that it is important to protect the ocean before exploratio
36、n takes place.“可知，这个海洋保护区可能会对采矿业造成影响。故选 B。【名师点拨】细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的 because, since, as 等；表转折关系的 but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand 等等。25.【小
37、题 1】B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity, featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins, 150 types of fish and three of the worlds seven sea turtle species.（就生物多样性而言，该地区被认为是重要的，具有近 35 种的鲸鱼和海豚，150 种鱼和 7 种世界海龟中的 3 种。 ）可知，这个海域有众多的海洋生物，这对生物多样性是很重要的。故选 B。考点：考查环保
38、类阅读CYoure not doomed to toss and turn every night. Although you might not be able to control all of the factors that relate to your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple sleep tips.No. 1: Stick to a sleep scheduleGo to bed and get up at the same time every
39、day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Being consistent reinforces （加强） your bodys sleep-wake cycle and helps promote better sleep at night. If you dont fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when youre tired.No. 2: Pay attention to what you eat
40、and drinkDont go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Also limit how much you drink before bed, to prevent disruptive middle-of-the-night trips to the toilet. Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine which ta
41、ke hours to wear off can ruin quality sleep.No. 3: Create a bedtime ritualDo the same things each night to tell your body its time to wind down. This might include taking a warm bath or shower, reading a book, or listening to light music. Be careful of using the TV or other electronic devices as par
42、t of your bedtime ritual. Some research suggests that screen time or other media use before bedtime has impact on sleep.No. 4: Get comfortableCreate a room thats ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. Consider using room-darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to crea
43、te an environment that suits your needs.Your mattress and pillow can contribute to better sleep, too. Since the features of good bedding are subjective, choose what feels most comfortable to you. If you have children or pets, set limits on how often they sleep with you or insist on separate sleeping
44、 quarters.No. 5: Limit daytime napsLong daytime naps can affect nighttime sleep especially if youre struggling with poor sleep quality at night. If you choose to nap during the day, limit yourself to about 10 to 30 minutes and make it during the mid-afternoon.If you work nights, youll need to make a
45、n exception to the rules about daytime sleeping. In this case, keep your window coverings closed so that sunlight which adjusts your internal clock doesnt interrupt your daytime sleep.No. 6: Include physical activity in your daily routineRegular physical activity can promote better sleep, helping yo
46、u to fall asleep faster and to enjoy deeper sleep. Timing is important, though. If you exercise too close to bedtime, you might be too energized to fall asleep. If this seems to be an issue for you, exercise earlier in the day.No. 7: Manage stressWhen you have too much to do and too much to think ab
47、out your sleep is likely to suffer. To help restore peace to your life, consider healthy ways to manage stress. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and dividing tasks. Give yourself permission to take a break when you need one. Share a good laugh with an old friend.N
48、early everyone has an occasional sleepless night but if you often have trouble sleeping, contact your doctor. Identifying and treating any underlying causes can help you get the better sleep you deserve.8. Which of the following is helpful to have quality sleep at night?A. listening to light music before bedB. working out in the gym only in the day timeC. using expensive pillows that sell wellD. drinking lots of water instead of coffee before bed9. Which of the following sleep tips is not mentioned in the passage?A. Control your daytime sleep time.B. Adopt healthy ways to handle stress.C. F
