1、Chapter 1 Computers and Digital Basics1A “All Things Digital”1. Data processing was the computing technology behind the first phase of the digital revolution.2. Local software refers to any software that is installed on a computers hard drive.3. A computer network is a group of computers linked toge
2、ther to share data and resources.4. The process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, or video into data that can be processed by a computer is called digitization .5. Cloud computing provides access to information, applications, communications, and storage over the Internet.1 B “Digital Devic
3、es” computer basics 1.A computer is a digital device that processes data according to a series of stored instructions called a program or software.1. Computer data is temporarily stored in memory, but is usually transferred to storage where it can be left on a more permanent basis.2. Personal comput
4、ers are available in desktop and portable models.3. A digital device, such as a computer, is called a(n) client,when it requests data from a server.4. A(n) microcontroller is a special-purpose microprocessor that is built into the machine it controls. 5. A computer accepts input, processes data, sto
5、res data, and produces output, according to a series of instructions.1C “Digital Data Representation” 1. Data representation refers to the format in which data is stored, processed, and transferred.2. Digital devices often use the binary number system to represent numeric data.3. Most computers use
6、Unicode or Extended ASCII code to represent character data. (Hint: Use the acronym.)4. KB is the abbreviation for Kilobyte.1D “Digital Processing”1. A(n) compiler converts all of the source code instructions into a new file containing object code.2. A microprocessor is hard-wired to perform a set of
7、 activities called a(n) instruction set.3. The ALU in your computers microprocessor holds data in register.4. The microprocessors control unit contains a(n) instruction pointer that holds the address of the instruction being executed. 5. The human-readable version of a program, createdi n a high-lev
8、el language by a programmer,is called source code. 6. The ALU in your computers microprocessor performs arithmetic and logical operations.7. The microprocessors control unit fetches each instruction.1E “Password Security” 1. An authentication protocol is any method that confirms a persons identity u
9、sing something the person knows, something the person possesses, or something the person is.2. On a(n) case-sensitive server, the user ID BJP is different from bjp.3. A(n) dictionary attack can guess your password if you are using common passwords or everyday words.4. A(n) phishing scam looks like a
10、 request from your bank or an online payment service, but is actually a hacker who wants you to disclose your user ID and password.Chapter 2 Computer Hardware2A “Personal Computer Basics”1. A computer system unit houses the main circuit board, microprocessor, storage devices, and network card.2. Des
11、ktop and laptop computer platforms include PC, Mac, and Linux. 3. Popular peripheral devices include printers, digital cameras, scanners, joysticks, and speakers.4. To determine whether two computers are compatible, you have to consider if they run the same software and use the same peripheral devic
12、es.5. A device driver is software usually run in the background without opening a window and is designed to help a peripheral device establish communication with a computer. 2 B “Microprocessors and Memory”1. A personal computer with an Intel Core i7 microprocessor is likely to operate at a speed of
13、 3.4 GHZ. (Hint: Use the abbreviation.)2. A(n) front side bus is circuitry that transports data to and from the processor.3. 4004, 8088, Athlon, and Pentium are all types of microprocessor.4. DDR2, virtual, and volatile are terms that apply to RAM. (Hint: Use the acronym.)5. The instructions for loa
14、ding the operating system into RAM when a computer is first turned on are stored in ROM. (Hint: Use the acronym.) 6. A dual core processor allows a computer to execute multiple instructions at the same time to achieve parallel processing.7. RAM is volatile, which means that it cannot hold data when
15、the computer power is off.8. A computer does not usually run out of RAM because it can use an area of the hard disk called virtual memory. 2C “Storage Devices”1. Access time is typically faster for random-access devices than for sequential access devices.2. A magnetic storage device uses a read-writ
16、e head to magnetize particles that represent data.3. A hard disk drive that is rated at a speed of 7200 rpmwill give you faster access to your data than a drive rated at 5400. (Hint: Use the acronym.)4. CD-R technology allows you to write data on a disc, and then change that data. True or false? Fal
17、se5. A(n) SSDuses the same storage technology as a USB flash drive, but is not designed to be removable. (Hint: Use the acronym.) 6. Access time is the average time it takes a computer to locate data on a storage medium and read it.7. A disk drive is a(n) random access device; a tape drive is a(n) s
18、equential access device. 2D “Input and Output Devices”1. One type of graphics circuitry, referred to as integrated graphics, is built into a computers system board.2. A(n) USB port provides one of the fastest, simplest ways to connect peripheral devices. (Hint: Use the acronym.) 3. In the context of
19、 computer display technology, response rate refers to the speed at which the screen image is repainted.4. The number of dots that form images and text on a monitor or printer is referred to as resolution .5. VGA, HDMI, and DVI are types of expansion ports that can be used for connecting a display de
20、vice to a computer. Chapter 3 Software3C “Installing Software and Upgrades”1. Most web applications require no installation and are accessed through a browser.2. On a PC, a(n) setup program guides you through the installation process.3. Portable software can be copied to a flash drive and run withou
21、t additional installation.4. A(n) service pack is a set of patches that correct problems and address security vulnerabilities. 3D “Buying Software”Software Copyrights and Licenses 1. Copyright law allows you to make an extra, or backup, copy of software as long as you do not defeat any copy protecti
22、on mechanisms.2. Shareware that expires after a set period of time is often factory-installed on new computers.3. LibreOffice, Firefox, and Linux are examples of open source software that can be legally modified and redistributed. 3E “Security Software”1. A computer virus can lurk in a computer for
23、days or months, quietly replicating itself.2. A mass-mailing worm spreads to other computers by sending itself to all the addresses stored in the local e-mail client.3. A group of zombie computers controlled by a hacker is called a(n) zombie.4. A virus signature is a unique section of malicious code
24、 that can be identified by antivirus software.Chapter4 Operating System and File Management4A “Operating System Basics”1. An operating system manages a computers resources,such as RAM , storage , and peripherals. 2. Most personal computer operating systems have multitasking capabilities so that they
25、 can simultaneously run two or more tasks, jobs , or programs. 3. The core part of an operating system is called its kernel. 4. During the boot process, a program stored in ROM tells the hard disk to load the operating system Into RAM.5. Most computers today have graphical user interfaces. 6. Micros
26、oft windows featured the first graphical user interface .True or false? false 7. An open source operating system called Linux is the foundation for several handheld operating systems, such as Symbian and Android OS. 8. The two main software categories are application software and system software. 4C
27、 “File System”1. .bmp , docx , exe , and . mov are examples of files extensions. 2. A disk partition is a section of a hard disk drive that is treated as a separate storage unit. 4D “File Management”1. Logical file storage models , such as a filling cabinet or tree metaphor , help you visualize the
28、organization of your computer 2. A hard disk stores data in concentric circles called tracks , which are divided into wedge-shaped sectors.3. The acronyms NTFS , HFS+ , and MFT pertain to physical file storage models. Chapter 5 Local Area Networks5A “Network Building Blocks”1. A dorm-room network co
29、vers a limited area and is an example of a local area network.2. Each connection point on a network is referred to as a network node.3. Communications protocols, such as TCP/IP, set standards for encoding and decoding data, guiding data to its destination, and mitigating the effects of noise.4. A(n)
30、 circuit switching network establishes a dedicated connection between two devices, whereas a(n) packet switching network divides messages into small parcels and handles them on a first-come, first-served basis. 5. IP Address can be assigned by an ISP or system manager, or can be automatically obtain
31、ed from a(n) DHCP server. 6. To connect to a LAN, a computer requires network circuitry, sometimes referred to as a network interface card.7. A peer-to-peer network is simply a small version of a client/server network . 8. True or false? False9. A(n) dynamic IP address can be assigned to a network w
32、orkstation by a DHCP server. 5B “Wired and Wireless Technology”1. Todays most popular wired network technology is Ethernet and is defined by IEEE 802.3 standards.2. Wi-Fi is todays most popular wireless network technology for LAN. Chapter 6 The Internet6A “Internet Technology ”1. TCP/IP is the prima
33、ry protocol suite used on the Internet2. 204.127.129.1 is an example of an IPv4 address, True or False? Ture 3. A(n) domain name server maintains a database of IP addresses that correspond to addresses such as .4. Most ISP offer asymmetric Internet connections, meaning the downstream speed is faster
34、 than the upstream speed. 5. The Internet backbone is a network of high-capacity communications links that provides the main routes for data traffic across the Internet.6. The top-level domain for most schools and universities is edu .7. On the Internet, TCP breaks a message into packets, and IP is
35、responsible for addressing packets so that they can be routed to their destination.8. Computers on the Internet that act as servers use static IP addresses, whereas most other computers use dynamic IP addresses. 6B “Fixed Internet Access”1. Dial-up and DSL Internet access use the telephone cables al
36、ready installed in a home or business. True or false? True.2. The two requirements for cable Internet service are circuitry to handle Ethernet protocols and a cable modem. 3. Satellite Internet service typically has a high latency rate, which is unsuitable for some online gaming and Voice over IP.4.
37、 A voiceband modem converts the signals from your computer into signals that can travel over telephone lines.6C “Portable and Mobile Internet Access”Wi-Fi Hotspots1. Mobile Internet access can be defined as the ability to use the Internet while walking or traveling in a moving vehicle.2. A Wi-Fi hot
38、spot is an area in which the public can access a Wi-Fi network that offers Internet service.6E “Internet Security”NAT ：Network address translation (NAT) is the process your router uses to keep track of packets and their corresponding private or public IP addresses. Chapter 7 The Web and E-mail7A “We
39、b Technology”1. Every Web page has a unique address called a(n) URL. (Hint: Use the acronym.)2. The main protocol for sending and receiving Web content is HTTP. (Hint: Use the acronym.)3. The basic markup language used on the Web is HTML. (Hint: Use the acronym.)7D “E-mail”1. For most client-based e-mail systems, a(n) SMTP server handles outgoing mail, and a(n) POP3 server or an IMAP server handles incoming mail. (Hint: Use the acronyms.)
