1、2018 届上海市闵行区高三下学期质量调研（二模）英语试题考生注意：1考试时间 120 分钟, 试卷满分 140 分。2本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分, 试卷共 12 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上, 做在试卷上一律不得分。3答题前, 务必在答题纸上填写考生号和姓名。I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a
2、 question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He will revie
3、w 2 more lessons. B. He will study the other 20 lessons.C. He will go over the 13 lessons. D. He will study all the 15 lessons.2. A. His injury kept him at home. B. He didnt think it necessary.C. He was too weak to see the doctor. D. He failed to make an appointment.3. A. The post office. B. Monroe
4、Street.C. The courthouse. D. Fourth Avenue.4. A. Disappointed. B. Approving. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful.5. A. He played his part quite well. B. He was not dramatic enough.C. He performed better than the secretary. D. He exaggerated his part.6. A. He wrote a book about great restaurants.B. He always m
5、akes reservations for dinner.C. He read a book while he was eating dinner.D. He always finds good places to eat.7. A. He is afraid he wont be chosen for the trip.B. The boss has not decided where to go.C. Such a trip is necessary for the company.D. Its not certain whether the trip will take place.8.
6、 A. Its too expensive to get the apartment furnished. B. The furniture he bought was very cheap.C. The apartment was provided with some old furniture. D. Its hard to find proper furniture for his apartment. 9. A. She is intended to work for the school newspaper. B. The man can spare some time readin
7、g school newspaper. C. The man has a very tight schedule.D. The man should have taken more than five classes. 10. A. Whether the meeting is certainly to be held on Monday.B. What bad news will be talked about at the meeting.C. What they are going to discuss at the meeting.D. Where the meeting is to
8、be held.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a questio
9、n, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Appropriateness of the programs. B. The operation of national programs.C. The incomes of the corporation. D. The w
10、elfare of the staff. 12. A. By donations from the public. B. By selling its programs.C. By selling broadcasting devices. D. By getting support from the royals. 13. A. Its humorous styles. B. The richness of its programs.C. Famous news announcers. D. Its neutral views on news. Questions 14 through 16
11、 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Social progress and individual development.B. Human behaviors and social changes.C. General concepts about psychology and sociology.D. Relationship between cultures and human behaviors. 15. A. What is the role of religion or art in a society?B. What is the
12、 main reason for revolution in a society?C. What are the causes of antisocial behavior?D. Why does one society progress more rapidly than another?16. A. Both psychology and sociology study human behavior.B. Mental problems should be dealt with by a sociologist.C. Sociology is the study of group beha
13、vior.D. Psychology pays more attention to individuals than to groups. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. It looks into opinions that people hold about old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates causes of old peoples unhappiness.D. It
14、 reveals the secret of living longer.18. A. Arise peoples awareness of caring for the old.B. Encourage people to be more responsible for the old. C. Help people change their feelings about old age.D. Ease peoples fear and anxiety about mental illness of the old.19. A. They are mostly among the 60-70
15、 age group.B. They are mostly abandoned by their families.C. People do not become more lonely because of old age.D. People among any age group are not lonely at all.20. A. They are changing suddenly and completely at a particular age.B. Its hard to recognize a person when he is turning old.C. Old pe
16、ople cant deal with events and problems properly.D. People do not change in old age a lot more than in middle age. II. Grammar and VocabularySection A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given
17、word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Aunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to
18、 see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to London to see (21)_(late) foreign films. Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. “It isnt the same,” she says. “For one thing, the screens too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!”
19、However, one thing which has always puzzled us is that (22)_ Aunt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recentlyfrom Mother. “It may surprise you to learn that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young,” sh
20、e told us. “She used to wait outside film studios all day, just (23)_(appear) in crowd scenes. Your aunt has probably appeared in dozens of films. Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they (24)_(make). Therefore, she couldnt go to see (25)_ in the film at the cinema!“All the time, of
21、 course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big chance came (26)_ they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party and he offered her (27)_ role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part, but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the gre
22、at event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the sitting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going to and out of the shop (28)_ she could remember her words perfectly. And (29)_ the actual day she was marvelous. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!“Unfortunately, i
23、n the end, they did not include the shop scene in the film. But nobody told Jane! When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasnt in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped (30)_(go) to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She
24、still loves the cinema, as you all know, but from that day she has always gone alone!”Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. parallel B. curves C. dutifully D. guardE. tran
25、sforming F. proceeding G. studies H. perfectI. intensely J. move K. randomizesWhether youre trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo (班卓琴) song, youre probably 31 following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doin
26、g the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, were taught using the “blocking” strategy. This instructs us to go over a single idea again and again until weve mastered it, before 32 to the next concept. But several new neurological
27、(神经学的) 33 show that an up and coming learning method called “interleaving” improves our ability to keep and perform new skills over any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it 34 the information we encounter when lear
28、ning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you 35 it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple 36 skills
29、at once. Whether youre trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive (认知的) learning abilities, the key to 37 how your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesnt get comfortable or s
30、tore information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to 38 focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesnt cut any corners, so your brain is always on 39 . Think of the differen
31、ce between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one 40 over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.III. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the follo
32、wing passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 41 of C
33、himps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 42 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 43 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 44
34、to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food？In the laboratory, chimps dont 45 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to
35、the next cage, he will pull 46 he just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, 47 , are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Mi
36、chael Tomasello has studied this 48 in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and s
37、hare are not taught, but naturally 49 in young children. One is that these 50 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 51 . Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intellig
38、ence 52 in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the 53 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have
39、and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can 54 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) 5
40、5 goal.41. A. structures B. policies C. behaviors D. responsibilities42. A. conflict B. cooperate C. offend D. negotiate43. A. trust B. contact C. isolate D. help44. A. decline B. manage C. attempt D. oblige45. A. curiously B. reluctantly C. naturally D. carelessly46. A. in turn B. at random C. with
41、 care D. in advance47. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D. on the other hand48. A. cooperativeness B. availability C. interrelationship D. attractiveness49. A. cultivated B. motivated C. possessed D. stimulated50. A. attitudes B. instincts C. experiences D. coincidences51. A. creatively B.
42、 formally C. socially D. competitively52. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears53. A. abstract B. invisible C. imaginary D. physical54. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance55. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitiousSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage
43、is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissol
44、ved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate (累积) in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decomp
45、ression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and con
46、sequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was
47、in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the l
48、ater Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyo
49、saurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused th
