1、2018 届黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）第 I 卷第一部分（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节 阅读理解 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中, 选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑AJonathan Cranwell sat on a hard bench behind the long narrow desk and watched the flies fly lazily in the sun. The drone of the younger boys reading letter
2、s and the older boys reciting Latin verbs made him sleepy. Jonathan had to force his eyes to stay open. He wanted to learn something new!He looked up at the schoolmasters high desk in the front of the room. The new teacher was from Harvard College. Jonathans father had been impressed with him. The b
3、oys had already had several other teachers, but none of them seemed to inspire Jonathan. So far, there was nothing to show that this one was special , though hed only been there two days.“Its too hot to sit and memorize lessons,” the schoolmaster said. “Well move outdoors for the next part of our le
4、sson.” He led the group of boys into the schoolyard. “You younger boys, dig for grubs and beetles ( 幼虫和甲虫). Count their feet. See if you can describe their shells”Jonathan watched the teacher surrounded by laughing young students. No one had ever used the schoolyard itself for a classroom. “What nex
5、t ?” he thought. He didnt have time to think about the younger boys, for he was running after butterflies and dragonflies himself.Jonathan and his friends liked this new way of learning.“It will be a clear night tonight. Go outside and look at the sky,” said the schoolmaster. “Look at the stars and
6、notice their brightness and the patterns they make. These patterns have names from Greek mythology(神话), names like Orion, Aries, and others. Tomorrow we will learn about the ancient stories on them.”“How is the new schoolmaster ?” asked Jonathans father that evening, when Jonathan announced he was g
7、oing out to look at the sky.“Hes different from any other schoolmaster weve had,” Jonathan admitted. “He seems interested in everything around him, and he wants us to be curious too. He even used the schoolyard as a classroom!”“So Mr. John Adams and his new ways make school useful to you after all,”
8、 joked Jonathans father.“I believe he has,” said Jonathan. “I know I wont forget the lessons he has taught us!”1. What does the underlined word “drone” in Paragraph 1 mean ?A. Clear speaking voices B. Continuous low dull soundsC. Enthusiastic responses D. High spirits2. Which statement shows that th
9、e new schoolmaster understood the children ?A. “Go outside and look at the sky, ”B. “ See if you can describe their shells.”C. “ Its too hot to sit and memorize lessons,”D. “Tomorrow we will learn about the ancient stories”3. From the last but one paragraph, we can learn that _.A. Mr. Cranwell had m
10、et the new schoolmasterB. Jonathan had previously complained about schoolC. Mr. Cranwell was not satisfied with the new waysD. Jonathan had shown his father his homework4. What is the main idea of this story?A. Science is all around us.B. School provides us with the best education.C. Homework is an
11、important part of education.D. There is more than one way to learn.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位老师使用新颖的教学方法，成功唤起学生学习热情的故事。炎热的夏天，教室的学生们昏昏欲睡，很难集中学习，于是老师把学生领到户外，让他们自由的探索自然，并把学习内容与现实联系起来。学生们非常喜欢这种新的学习方法。1. 词句猜测题。根据上文“Jonathan Cranwell sat on a hard bench behind the long narrow desk and
12、watched the flies fly lazily in the sun.”可知，Jonathan Cranwell 正坐在教室里看着太阳下飞行的苍蝇，结合后半句“made him sleepy”可知 ，Jonathan Cranwell 不能集中注意力听课，因此推断画线句句意是：小的男孩读字母和大的男孩背诵拉丁动词的持续不断低沉枯燥的声音令他昏昏欲睡。让人昏昏欲睡的声音不应是：清晰的讲话声；充满激情的回应；情绪高涨。故选 B。2. 推理判断题。根据第三段这位老师的说的话“Its too hot to sit and memorize lessons,” “Well move outdo
13、ors for the next part of our lesson.”结合倒数第六段的内容“Jonathan and his friends liked this new way of learning.”可知，老师说“天气太热了坐不住，也背不过课文，我们搬到户外去上下半节课” ，而户外上课是学生很喜欢的学习新方法可推断，这位新老师非常理解学生的感受，故选 C。3. 推理判断题。由倒数第二段的内容可知，Jonathan 的父亲开玩笑说：如此说来，John Adam 先生和他新的方法让你感到学习是有用的了。因此推断，以前 Jonathan 曾抱怨过学习。故选 B。4. 主旨大意题。本文从一个
14、学生的视觉，讲述了一位老师使用新颖的教学方法，成功唤起学生学习热情的故事。炎热的夏天，教室的学生们昏昏欲睡，很难集中学习，新老师把学生领到户外，让他们自由的探索自然，并成功的把学习内容与现实联系起来。学生们非常喜欢这种新的学习方法。因此推断学习不止一种方法。故选 D。【名师点睛】运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。【解题剖析】此题属于猜测词义题，运用
15、逻辑推理猜测词义，此处使用因果关系。【答案定位】根据上文“Jonathan Cranwell sat on a hard bench behind the long narrow desk and watched the flies fly lazily in the sun.”可知，Jonathan Cranwell 正坐在教室里看着太阳下飞行的苍蝇，结合后半句“made him sleepy”可知 ，他不能集中注意力听课。因此推断画线句讲得是：小的男孩读字母和大的男孩背诵拉丁动词的持续不断低沉枯燥的声音令他昏昏欲睡。【推理关系】题干 What does the underlined wor
16、d “drone” in Paragraph 1 mean ?文章内容 The drone of the younger boys reading letters and the older boys reciting Latin verbs made him sleepy.，小的男孩读字母和大的男孩背诵拉丁动词的持续不断低沉枯燥的声音令他昏昏欲睡。本题是运用逻辑关系猜测词义。【答案】让人昏昏欲睡的声音不应是：清晰的讲话声；充满激情的回应；情绪高涨。故选 B。B 选项Continuous low dull sounds.BFor the business traveler who is all
17、 about efficiency: Check out these hotels that will get you in and out with a minimum of trouble. When you are pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process.1. Yotel N
18、ew YorkThe self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York hotel work just like the ones youd see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There is even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you are carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm
19、 to swing down and store your luggage in a locker (say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me, is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit AirportAnother option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobil
20、e check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (Ive tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) Here is the basic idea: you download the iphone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that
21、 the room is ready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisI happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked how fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an a
22、irport terminal. The whole process took about three minutes, when I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out. An agent meets you in the lobby with an ipad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson: LaCrosseThe Radisson is t
23、rying to make the kiosk process even faster, at a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin, you use a mobile app to register and then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. Its super fast.
24、 You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well.5. Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in?A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit Airport.B. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson: LaCrosse.C. Marriott Detroit Airport
25、. and Hyatt Regency Minneapolis.D. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson: LaCrosse.6. Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?A. Yotel New York. B. Marriott Detroit Airport.C. Radisson: LaCrosse. D. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis.7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. At Yote
26、l New York, a robot will help you with all the check-in process.B. With its check-in app, you may enter your room in Marriott without a key.C. The barcode you receive from Radisson contributes to the fast check-in.D. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis is close to an airport terminal.【答案】5. B 6. D 7. C【解析】试题分
27、析：对于那些效率很高的商务旅行者来说：核对那些让你登记进出有最少麻烦的宾馆。本文介绍了四个让顾客快速登记入住的宾馆，生活更舒适。5. 细节理解题。根据 2. Marriott Detroit Airport 中提到的“Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year,”和 4. Radisson: LaCrosse 部分的句子“at a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin, you use a mobile app to
28、register”可知，这两个宾馆都可以使用移动应用程序注册入住。故选 B。6. 细节理解题。根据 3. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis 中的 “An agent meets you in the lobby with an ipad and asks for an email to use for a receipt.”可知，这个宾馆通过电子邮件发送收据给你。故选 D。7. 细节理解题。根据 4. Radisson: LaCrosse 中的 “When you get to the kiosk, you scan the barcode to get your key w
29、ithout any other steps required. Its super fast.”可知，你从 Radisson 收到的条形码有助于快速登记入住。故选 C。【名师点睛】本文属于广告类短文，所考查三题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位 )，然后进行比较和分析
30、(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子) 或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以小题 1 为例，我们根据题干中“two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in”可知询问哪两个宾馆为顾客提供手机软件注册入住，直接定位在 2. Marriott Detroit Airport 中提到的“Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year,”和 4
31、. Radisson: LaCrosse 部分的句子“at a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin, you use a mobile app to register”，因此可知这两个宾馆都可以使用移动应用程序注册入住。故选 B。CYou may think, salt is just a simple cooking element we shake on our food for a little extra taste. But salt is much more than that. Without sal
32、t our muscles would not move. Our nervous systems would not operate. Our hearts would not beat.But do not think rubbing salt into a wound will help. Doing that would be painful and not heal the wound. “To rub salt into a wound” is an idiom that means to purposefully make a bad situation worse.Early
33、humans got the salt they needed to stay alive from the animals they killed. But advances in agriculture led to a diet low in salt. So, humans needed to find other sources. Those who lived near the ocean or other natural sources for salt were lucky. Those who did not had to trade for salt. In fact, p
34、eople used salt as a method of payment in many parts of the ancient world. The word “salary” comes from the word “salt”.Salt also played an important part in population movement and world exploration. Explorers understood that if they could keep food fresh, they could travel longer distances. So the
35、y used salt to preserve food and explore the world.Salt was so important that, according to food historians, it was traded pound-for-pound for gold. Today, people still use the expressions “worth ones salt” or “worth ones weight in salt”. The expressions describe a person of value.A person might als
36、o be called “salt of the earth”. That description means he or she is dependable and trustworthy. However, when you say “I think we should take what he said with a grain of salt”you mean you accept it but maintain a degree of doubt about its truth.8. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Salt
37、 plays an important part in our life.B. Salt makes food tasty.C. Salt is considered to be part of our muscles.D. Salt is sure to damage nervous systems.9. A beggars bread was stolen last night, which means_.A. salt of the earthB. rubbing salt in a woundC. a diet low in saltD. worth his salt10. If yo
38、u describe a person as a great help, you mean_ .A. he rubs salt in a woundB. he is often taken as a grain of saltC. he often uses salt to preserve meatD. he is worth his weight in salt11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Salt Is More Than a Four-letter Word.B. Salt Is a Ba
39、sic Element in Cooking.C. Salt Is a Word with a Long History.D. Salt Is Popular with Different People.【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A【解析】试题分析：你可能会认为，盐不过是我们在食物上添加用以增加风味的简单东西，但盐的作用不仅于此。文章讲述了许多与盐有关的词汇表达。8. 推理判断题。通读第一段可知，本段讲述盐不仅是一种调味品，而且盐对于我们的肌肉、神经系统和心脏起着决定性作用，盐意味着生命。故选 A。9. 推理判断题。 “乞丐的面包昨天晚上被偷了”意味着原本一贫如洗的人连最
40、基本的赖以生存的食物都没有了，这犹如伤口上撒盐，让情况变得更加糟糕。故选 B。10. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的句子“Today, people still use the expressions “worth ones salt” or “worth ones weight in salt”. The expressions describe a person of value.”可知，盐是如此重要，今天人们仍旧使用“worth ones salt” 或者 “worth ones weight in salt”来描述那些重要人物。故选 D。11. 标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了
41、与“salt”有关的习语表达，盐在人们的生活中是至关重要的，因此也衍生处许多与盐有关的日常表达。因此推断 A“盐不仅仅是一个四个字母的单词”为最佳标题。故选 A。DA new study has discovered that meditation（冥想）and oxygen sport together reduce depression. The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination, done twice a week for only two months, reduced the symp
42、toms for a group of students by 40 percent.“We are excited by the findings because we saw such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and non-depressed students,” said lead author Dr. Brandon Alderman. “It is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at to
43、gether for dealing with depression.”Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect on combating depression. Alderman and Dr. Tracey Shors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training (MAP) enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or nega
44、tive thoughts defeat them.Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport. They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future they should refocus on their breathing, enabling
45、 those with depression to accept moment-to-moment changes in attention.Shors, who studies the production of new brain cells in the hippocampuspart of the brain involved in memory and learningsays scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells
46、alive.The idea for the human intervention（干预）came from her laboratory studies, she says, with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.By learning to focus their attention and exercise, people who are fighting depression can
47、 acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past, Shors says.“We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health.” said Alderman. “The good news is
48、that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.”12. What made the research so different?A. Adopting a way of meaningful talk.B. Combining the two behavioral ways to treat depression.C. Treating depression with special medicine.D. Comparing the depressed with the non-dep
49、ressed.13. The underlined word “combating” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by _.A. fighting B. identifyingC. distinguishing D. examining14. What did the participants do in the research?A. They did oxygen sport half an hour before thinking.B. They thought quietly and then took exercise.C. They took exercise longer than they thought.D. They took exercise while thinking quietly.15. What is Shors main purpose of her studies?A. To find out certain brain cells of humans.B. To stu
