1、甘肃省天水市第一中学 2018 届高三上学期开学考试英语试题第卷第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）AIt was a cold March day in High Point,North Carolina.The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice,stamping their feet to say warm.Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shiv
2、ered（发抖）a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play.The two didnt know each other wellTaylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly,Paris fell to the ground,“Pariss eyes rolled back,”Taylor says.“She stated shaking.I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was,Paris had suffer
3、ed a sudden heart failure.Without immediate medical care,Paris would die.At first,no one moved.The girls were in shock.Then the softball coach shouted out,“Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-saving technique.To do CPR,you press on the sick persons chest so that blood moves through the body and take
4、s oxygen to organs.Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.Amazingly,Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before.Still,she hesitated.She didnt think she knew it well enough.But when no one else came forward,Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.“It was scary.I knew it was the difference
5、 between life and death,”says Taylor.Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator,an electronic devices（器械）that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them: Paris heartbeat returned.“I know I wa
6、s really lucky,”Paris says now.“Most people dont survive this.My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure,the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today,Paris is back on the softball team.Taylor will apply to college so
7、on.She wants to be a nurse.“I feel more confident in my actions now,”Taylor says.“I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”1. What happened to Paris on a March day?A. She caught a bad cold. B. She has a sudden heart problem.C. She was knocked down by a ball. D. She shivered terribly dur
8、ing practice.2. Why does Paris say she was lucky?A. She made a worthy friend. B. She recovered from shock.C. She received immediate CPR. D. She came back on the softball team.3. Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A. Enthusiastic and kind. B. Courageous and calm.C. Cooperative and
9、generous. D. Ambitious and professional.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球队一名女孩 Paris 在打球的过程中突发心力衰竭，队友 Taylor 紧急对 Paris 进行了心肺复苏，送往医院后她恢复了心跳的故事，旨在说明面临心力衰竭时，保持冷静并进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。1. 根据第三段第一行， “It certainly was。 Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure。 ”可知，Paris突发心脏病，故 B 项正确。2. 根据第五段第二行“Taylor ran to P
10、aris and began doing CPR”以及第六段整段中队友的协助，得到了及时 CPR 救助的 Paris“heartbeat returned”， 所以 Paris 说自己非常的幸运。倒数第二段，“Experts say Paris is right。 For a sudden failure， the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly”，专家的话也印证了 Paris 获得了及时的救助，故C 项正确。3. 根据第五段第二行“But when no o
11、ne else came forward， Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR。 ”说明 Taylor 非常的勇敢，在没有人出来帮忙以及自己对自己不那么自信的情况下，她还是跑去救助了 Paris。由第五段第三行 Taylor 的话“It was scary。 I knew it was the difference between life and death。 ”以及第六段首句 “Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down。 ”可知，Taylor 是一个勇敢并且冷静的女孩，面对这种情况，她
12、没有慌乱，用自己学习到的急救知识迅速行动并用自己的举动感染了队友，使她们镇静下来帮忙救助，故 B项正确。BReading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now,the website BookC turns the page on the traditional ides of a book group.Members go on the site and register
13、 the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson,the managing director of
14、 BookCrossing,says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find
15、 a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Peterson says the ides is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossi
16、ng is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual（虚拟）.The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.4. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B. To introduce Bo
17、okCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.5. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The book. B. An adventure.C. A public place. D. The identification number.6. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet
18、ing other readers to discuss it. B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual TourB. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People Throug
19、h Books【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D【解析】试题分析：4. B 目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出 BookC,说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站 BookC。故 B 正确。5. A 代词指代题。根据本句 “. hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”可知，那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的
20、人走得更远。可知其中的 it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book” 。故 A 正确。7. D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知 BookC 把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和读过的书联系在一起。D 项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。CAt thirteen,I was diagnosed with kind of attention disorder.It made school difficult for me.When people else in the class was focusing on tasks,I could not.In my first literature class
21、,Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it,all within 45 minutes.I raised my hard right away and said,“Mrs.Smith,you see,the doctor said I have attention problems.I might not be able to do it.”She glanced down at me through her glasses,“you are no different from your classmates,young m
22、an.”I tried,but I didnt finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home.In the quietness of my bedroom,the story suddenly all became clear to me.It was about a blind person,Louis Braille.He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.But Louis didnt give up.Instead,he inven
23、ted a reading system of raised dots（点）,which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.Wasnt I the “blind” in my class,being made to learn like the “sighted” students?My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40 minutes.Indeed,I was no different from
24、 others;I just needed a quieter place.If Louis could find his way out of his problems,why should I ever give up?I didnt expect anything when I handled in my paper to Mrs.Smith,so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day-with an “A” on it.At the bottom of the paper were these word
25、s:“See what you can do when you keep trying?”8. The author didnt finish the reading in class because_.A. He was new to the class B. He was tried of literatureC. He had an attention disorder D. He wanted to take the task home9. What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?A. He had good sight
26、. B. He made a great invention.C. He gave up reading. D. He learned a lot from school.10. What was Mrs.Smiths attitude to the author at the end of the story?A. Angry. B. Impatient.C. Sympathetic. D. Encouraging.11. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The disabled should be treated with respect.B
27、. A teacher can open up a new world to students.C. One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.D. Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C【解析】试题分析：作者患上了注意力障碍症，无法完成老师布置的作业，但在老师的鼓励下，通过自己的努力完成了任务，得到了 A，受到了老师的表扬。这说明通过努力，我们可以找到克服困难的方法。8. C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段 At thir
28、teen, I was diagnosed（诊断）with kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.可知我患了注意力障碍症，无法集中注意力于某件事情。所以我无法在课堂上集中注意力完成老师布置的阅读任务。故 C 项正确。9. A 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句 Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点), whic
29、h opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.可知他为盲人发明出一种方法进行阅读。故 A 项正确。10. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 I didnt expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: “ Se
30、e what you can do when you keep trying?”可知最后作者的文章得到了 A 等级，受到了老师的表扬。作者感觉到很受鼓舞。故 D 项正确。11. D 主旨大意题。作者患上了注意力障碍症，在课堂上无法集中注意力，无法完成老师布置的作业。但在老师的鼓励下，他克服了困难，通过自己的努力完成了任务，得到了 A，受到了老师的表扬。这说明通过努力，我们可以找到克服困难的方法。故 D 项正确。考点：考查记叙文阅读DScientists have found that human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays whi
31、le skiing in the snow- covered areas than sitting on the beach,according to a report by the UK newspaper.The researchers at Kanazawa Medical University,Japan and American company Johnson & Johnson conducted the study together.They looked at the effects of light reflection on newly fallen snow on a s
32、ki trail in Ishikawa District,northern Japan.They compared the results with the levels of UV rays on a sand beach in southern Japans Okinawa District.The found that on the beach,eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules（千焦耳）of UV a square meter compared to 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas.The f
33、indings are supported by the Japan Meteorological（气象的）Agency.According to the agency,the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent,compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas.The amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.Most of us know that
34、 UV rays can harm the skin.Thats why er wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun.But many of us may not realize that UV rays are also harmful to the eyes.If your eyes are exposed to large amounts of UV radiation over a short period of time,you may experience a kind of sunburn of the e
35、ye,which is harmful.Your eyes will become red and feel a strange feeling.They may be sensitive to light.Fortunately,this is usually temporary and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes.Long-term exposure to UV radiation,however,can be more serious.Scientific studies and researches have shown tha
36、t exposure to small amounts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damages, which could lead to total blindness.12. You would most likely find the article in .A. a doctors diary B. a travel journalC. a medical magazine D. a physics textbook13. Which of the following
37、statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Too much eye exposure to UV rays may cause total blindness.B. Short-time exposure of the eyes to UV rays doesnt harm them at all.C. Most people know that UV rays harm the eyes as well as the skin.D. The study was conducted by researchers from Japan,the
38、USA and the UK.14. Human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach because .A. Snow produces more UV light than water.B. People dont wear sunscreen while skiing as they do while sitting on the beach.C. The reflection rate of UV lig
39、ht in snow-covered areas is much higher that that on the beach.D. Human eyes are exposed longer to UV light in the snow-covered areas than on the beach.15. What will the passage most probably talk about next?A. Never ski on newly fallen snow in Japan.B. Go to hospital to have your eyes examined.C. W
40、earing a hat can provide protection while skiing in new snow areas.D. Take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas.【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D【解析】本文属于说明文。科学家发现：相比在海滩上，人们在白雪覆盖的地区，眼睛更容易受到紫外线的损伤。12. C 推理判断题。文章主要介绍紫外线对人的眼睛的损伤，属于医学类范畴。故文章应出于一本医学杂志，选 C。13. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中 Scienti
41、fic studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amounts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage, which could lead to total blindness.可知，长时间曝露在紫外线下很可能会导致完全失明。故选 A 。14. C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“According to the agency, the reflection rate of UV light on beache
42、s is often between 10 and 25 percent, compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas. The amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.”可知，眼睛之所以损伤是因为白雪覆盖的地区和海滩上的紫外线反射率不同，在海滩上的紫外线反射率往往是 10%到 25%之间，而在新雪区是 80%。光的含量增加了 4%，高度上升了 300 米。故选 C。15. D 推理判断题。全文说明了在白雪覆盖地区紫外线对眼睛的危害更严重，接下来应该是要
43、介绍防止这种危害、保护眼睛的措施。故选 D。第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot._16_But with these tips,your first man
44、-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example,if your topic is about environmental problems in America,you mig
45、ht ask,“Why do you think environment protection is important in America?”_17_Hit the streets with confidence._18_Say,“Excuse me,I work for XYZ News,and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.”This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if
46、someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Dont get discouraged._19_Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need,move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,you are getting a
47、 variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer,you wont be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten._20_If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air,dont leave work without them.A.Limit your time.B.As
48、you approach people,be polite.C.If you dont own a camera,you can but one.D.For new reporters,this can seem like a challenging task.E.To get good and useful results,ask them the some question.F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G.With a question like this,you will get
49、 more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. A 20. F【解析】本文主要讲述了如何进行街头采访。文中给了几个小贴士来帮助那些新记者更轻松的进行街头采访，比如采访前计划好话题和问题，增强自己的信心，限制采访的时间等。16. 根据后一句“But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.”可知，以下这些小贴士会让你的采访很容易。 “but”一词连接两句相反的句意，故可推测，空白处会写道采访是件很困难的事。结合选项，故选 D。17. 根据前文“think about the topic and develop a list of about ten gener
