1、甘肃省通渭县第二中学 2018 届高三上学期期中考试英语试题第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。ANew Sciencenter Featured Exhibition: Ocean Bound!Opening weekendMember Preview: Friday, February 3, 68 pmPublic Opening: Saturday, February 4, 10 am 5 pmStart a journey through water
2、sheds to see how everyones actions affect the health of our ocean. Enjoy interacting with 3D watershed models, piloting a full-size submersible from mountain stream to ocean, guiding water safely through a hazardous maze, diverting pollutants as they travel through storm-water drains, playing with e
3、arly education exhibits inside a clubhouse, and many more engaging interactive exhibits.Showtime! Plant and Animal Double-TakesSaturday, January 21, 2 pmHave you ever looked at a living thing and wondered, Is that a plant or an animal? Join Sciencenter educators Julie Yurek and Sarah Cox to look int
4、o species that make you take a second look. Explore the surprising differences between these plants and animals.Showtime! Solar Power Goes NanoSaturday, February 11, 2 pmDid you know scientists are using nanotechnology to store solar energy? Learn about solar power and the emerging use of hydrogen f
5、uel cells. Justin Sambur, NSF Postdoctoral Research Associate at Cornells Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, will demonstrate a model race car that uses a hydrogen fuel cell kit powered by solar energy.Special Showtime! Presentation: Animal Adaptations for WinterWednesday, February 22, 1
6、pmHave you ever wondered how animals survive in winter? Join Emma Brofsky of Cornells Naturalist Outreach Program to explore animal adaptations for winter and learn how biology helps animals cope with cold weather, food shortages, and limited habitats. Touch animal pelts and do a hands-on activity o
7、n animal insulation.1. What does Ocean Bound focus on?A. How people pollute the ocean.B. How harmful a maze is sometimes.C. How many pollutants the ocean has.D. How water flows from mountains to oceans.2. When can you learn about ocean species?A. Friday, February 3, 6 8 pm.B. Saturday, January 21, 2
8、 pm.C. Saturday, February 11, 2 pm.D. Wednesday, February 22, 1 pm.3. Who will introduce the ability of animals survival?A. Julie Yurek. B. Sarah Cox.C. Justin Sambur. D. Emma Brofsky.【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了关于自然科学的一些活动和展览。1. 细节理解题。由 Start a journey through watersheds to see how everyones act
9、ions affect the health of our ocean.可知 Ocean Bound 关注人们怎样污染海洋，选 A。2. 细节理解题。由 Saturday, January 21, 2 pm，Have you ever looked at a living thing and wondered, Is that a plant or an animal? Join Sciencenter educators Julie Yurek and Sarah Cox to look into species that make you take a second look. Explo
10、re the surprising differences between these plants and animals.可知一月二十一日，星期六下午两点可以了解海洋物种，选 B。3. 细节理解题。由 Have you ever wondered how animals survive in winter? Join Emma Brofsky of Cornells Naturalist Outreach Program to explore animal adaptations for winter and learn how biology helps animals cope wit
11、h cold weather, food shortages, and limited habitats.可知 Emma Brofsky. 将介绍动物的生存能力，选 D。BHuman brains begin growing and developing at a very young age. They learn from the simplest experiences, which enable your children to be aware of the world. Theres no denying that outdoor play helps a lot!Times wh
12、en children have to wait for their turns on playground equipment and following the playground rules by sharing, all these form components of a healthy social-emotional development. Young children develop their social-emotional skills through practice and small steps over time.As parents or caregiver
13、s, it is fairly simple to support your childs social-emotional skills. Acts like holding him, touching him, and speaking to him and giving him loving care and attention are all helping factors. When you allow them freedom to play, it is important to follow their interests in helping build their soci
14、al-emotional skills.Difficulties in social-emotional skills can often lead to children having trouble when playing with other children. Becoming easily angry or not empathizing (理解) with other children are all signs that may point in this direction. This can in turn lead to them not empathizing with
15、 the needs of other children.As for the development of cognitive (认知的) skills, these develop through practice and opportunity over time. And while some cognitive skills may be genetic, most are learned through real life situations. In other words, learning and thinking skills can be improved through
16、 experiences.To enable them to learn, it is important that we are mindful of what our children are interested in. And this realization is only set in place once the child is given enough room and time to grow and explore.Depriving children of such experiences can mean that they might struggle with h
17、igher- level thinking skills. And while it is normal to keep them safe, we forget that by rushing them and cutting down on play time, were actually causing more harm than good.4. What can playing with other children greatly help children do?A. Learn from other children.B. Develop their social emotio
18、n.C. Promote their personal hobbies.D. Help them to control their emotion.5. What usually brings trouble to a child while playing with other children?A. Not understanding others.B. Caring too much about others.C. Lacking social emotional skills.D. Being more selfish than selfless.6. What does the un
19、derlined word “depriving” in the last paragraph mean?A. Taking away.B. Providing for.C. Referring to.D. Focusing on.7. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To call on us to promote childrens interest.B. To show us the importance of social emotions.C. To tell us how to improve childrens social emo
20、tions.D. To persuade parents to allow their children to play outdoors.【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D【解析】 本文属于社会类问题。通过分析户外玩耍对孩子的成长的利与弊，劝说家长让孩子在户外玩耍。4. B推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后一句“Young children develop their social-emotional skills through practice and small steps over time.”及第三段最后一句 “When you allow them freedom to
21、play, it is important to follow their interests in helping build their social-emotional skills.” 通过这两句可推断出当孩子们玩耍时可帮助他们培养社会情感技能，故远 B。5. C细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Difficulties in social-emotional skills can often lead to children having trouble when playing with other children.” 社交情感技巧的困难常常会导致孩子与其他孩子玩耍时有困难。而社会
22、情感技巧的困难即是缺乏社交情感技巧导致孩子难以与别的孩子一起玩，故选 C。6. A猜测词义题。倒数第二段最后一句“. And this realization is only set in place once the child is given enough and time to grow and explore.” 只有孩子得到足够的时间和成长和探索，这种认识才会到位。最后一段最后一句“by rushing them and cutting down on play time, were actually causing more harm than good.” 通过减少他们玩的时间
23、，我们实际上造成的伤害大于好处。可知如果不让孩子玩即剥夺了孩子玩耍的时间会造成更多的伤害，故 deprive 指的是 take away，带走，剥夺。故选 A【名师点睛】主旨大意型每篇文章都会有一个主旨大意。此题型要求考生分析文章的篇章结构在理解文章后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想。抓住文章的开头或结尾，从而找出能概括文章的主题句。概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪
24、几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。7. D【解题剖析】此题属于主旨大意中的一一主旨类。答案需要看第二段的最后一句找主题句。【推理关系】题干 What is the main purpose of the text? 文章内容（中心句）【答案】1)outdoor play helps a lot;2) develop their social-emotional skills through practice; by rushing them and cutting down on play time, were actually causing more harm
25、 than good. D 选项 To persuade parents to allow their children to play outdoors COne random act of kindness can make someones day, but a man in Crestview, Florida knows a good deed isnt a one-time thing.After spending three months in and out of the hospital with numerous health issues, Donald Austin h
26、ad his leg partially cut off. He was relieved to finally be able to go home after just four days recovering from the operation. When he reached his porch, though, the joy drained away.Donald thought hed be able to make it up the steps to the front door on crutches, but his strength and balance weren
27、t as strong as hed hoped. The wheelchair was too heavy for his wife, Jennifer Austin, to lift up the steps, even when his mom offered a hand to help. Donald ended up on the concrete, the family feeling totally at a loss. They were out of strength and out of options. Just then, a car caught the famil
28、ys eyes. It had driven past once but was slowly circling back. The stranger, Steven Smith, pulled up and asked if he could help. Relieved, the family watched Smith lift Donald inside and lay him safely on a couch.But the Good Samaritan knew there was more to do. Smith figured this wasnt the only tim
29、e Donald would need to climb those steps. So the next day, Smith, whos an ordinary worker, came back and asked if he could build a ramp(斜坡) in front of the house. With his dad and a couple more helping hands, Smith set up a ramp over the steps to make the home wheelchair accessible. The act of kindn
30、ess brought the family to tears.“This stranger has saved the day for us twice within 24 hours. He also brightened our spirits that had become increasingly dimmed over the difficult months,” Jennifer wrote on Facebook. “There is a sense of optimism back in our home because of his kindness.”8. Why did
31、 Donald have his leg cut off?A. He fell off his wheelchair.B. He received a bad operation.C. He was caught in a traffic accident.D. He suffered from different diseases.9. How did Austin feel when they returned home?A. Sad. B. Excited.C. Hopeful. D. Interested.10. Whats the trouble for the Austins wh
32、en they got back home?A. No one came to offer the family a helping hand.B. They couldnt get Donald to stand up on his two legs.C. It was impossible for them to get the wheelchair into the house.D. After the operation Donald was still too weak to move by himself.11. What did Steven Smith bring to the
33、 Austin family?A. Happiness and love.B. Comfort and happiness.C. Spirits and Confidence.D. Optimism and convenience.【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. D【解析】本文主要讲了 Donald 因为疾病切掉了他的腿，他们回到家后面临的麻烦是不能把轮椅搬到房子里，好心的 Steven Smith 帮他们解决了这个难题，Steven Smith 带给 Austin 一家乐观和便利。8. 推理判断题。由 After spending three months in and ou
34、t of the hospital with numerous health issues, Donald Austin had his leg partially cut off.可知 Donald 切掉他的腿是因为他遭受了与众不同的疾病，选 D。9. 细节理解题。由 When he reached his porch, though, the joy drained away. 可知当他们回到家时，Austin 感觉很难过，选 A。10. 细节理解题。由 The wheelchair was too heavy for his wife, Jennifer Austin, to lift
35、up the steps, even when his mom offered a hand to help. Donald ended up on the concrete, the family feeling totally at a loss.可知他们回到家后面临的麻烦是，不能把轮椅搬到房子里，选 C。11. 细节理解题。由 He also brightened our spirits that had become increasingly dimmed over the difficult months,” Jennifer wrote on Facebook. “There is
36、 a sense of optimism back in our home because of his kindness.”可知 Steven Smith 带给 Austin 一家乐观和便利，选 D。DIf you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good newsif you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.John Price and other researchers studied two groups of m
37、ice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer diseases.” They were not jus
38、t living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down.
39、 This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cells energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual pa
40、rts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “
41、maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained, “you dont throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”“Food,” he said, “isnt just material to be burnedits a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” P
42、rice said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”12. What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?A. They can keep healthy easily.B. They need more energy to be active.C. They can look you
43、nger than they are.D. They will live a longer life like humans.13. What will happen to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?A. They will completely break down.B. They make proteins in the cells slowly.C. They will produce high quality proteins more.D. They may need more time to repair themselves.14
44、. Price explained the ribosomes role of repairing themselves by .A. telling a storyB. listing basic dataC. making comparisonsD. experimenting on mice15. What does the text mainly deal with?A. Food decides how long you live.B. Can you slow down your aging process?C. Eating less may help you live long
45、er.D. Should your diet be reduced for your health?【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C【解析】 本文属于科技与发明类。主要介绍了通过在老鼠身上所作的实验，发现减少食物有利于身体建康，让人更长寿。12. A推理判断题。根据第三段“the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease”饮食限制的老鼠更精力充沛，患疾病的几率也更小。根据句意可知限制饮食的老鼠更健康，故选 A。13. B推理判断题。根据第四段句意：研究人员
46、发现更少的热量减慢了称为核糖体的细胞的自然机制。 Price 说明核糖体负责制造细胞中重要的蛋白质。但是热量越少，它们就制造的速度越慢。分析本句可知核糖体在细胞中制造蛋白质的速度减慢了。故选 B。14. 推理判断题。根据第六段：普赖斯说：“核糖体是一个非常复杂的机器，就像一辆汽车。 ”他们需要“维修”来替换最快磨损的部件。 “当轮胎磨损时， ”他解释道， “你不要把车全扔掉，买一辆新的。 ”。更换旧轮胎成本较低。 ” 普赖斯把核糖体比作是一辆非常复杂的汽车， 可知是通过比较的，故选 C。15. D主旨大意题。根据第一段可知想要年轻就要少吃。第三段限制食物的老鼠要更活跃更健康。及最后一段这可能会
47、“帮助我们对我们所吃的东西做出更多的教育决定” 。可知为了建康应该减少食物。故选 D。第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Do you remember the last time you read a book, or a magazine? Is checking e-mails or updating microblog your daily reading habit? If youre one of those who dont make a habit of reading reg
48、ularly, you might be really out. _16_Stress ReductionNo matter how much pressure you have at work, in your personal relationships, or other issues in daily life, it all just slips away when you lose yourself in a great story._17_KnowledgeEverything you read fills your head with new information, and
49、you never know when it might come into use._18_ Besides, you might lose everything elseyour job, your money, even your health, but knowledge can never be taken from you.Vocabulary Expansion_19_ As a result, this will gradually enlarge your everyday vocabulary. Then you might become more knowledgeable and well-spoken, which can increase your self confidence and even help you get promotions more quickly.Better Writing SkillsExposure to well-written work has a great effect on your o
