1、判断题Chapter11. “Language operates by rules” is a fundamental view about language. 【答案】T 2. It is conclusive that Chinese is regarded as the primeval language. 【答案】F3. Wherever humans exist, language exists. 【答案】T1. When language is used to get information from others, it serves an informative functio
2、n. 【答案】F 2. The phatic function refers to language function for establishing or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas. 【答案】T3. The most important sociological use of language is the performative function, by which people establish and maintain their status in soc
3、iety. 【答案】F1. Phonology is language specific.【答案】T2. Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language.【答案】T3. Phonology and grammar are infinite, tightly structured systems, the child does not have to master them before puberty in order to
4、be a native speaker of the language. 【答案】F1. The concept competence originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation.【答案】T2. The description of a language at some point in time is called diachronic s
5、tudy. 【答案】FChapter21. Bilabial consonant is produced when the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage. 【答案】F2. The sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels. 【答案】TChapter31. The word of “impossibility” contains four morphemes. 【答案】F2. Both “use” and “books”
6、contain /s/, which can be regarded as a phoneme and a morpheme as well. 【答案】F3. The words “water” and “teacher” have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. 【答案】F4. The words “boys” and “raise” have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. 【答案】F1. Analogic change refers to the reducti
7、on of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes.【答案】T2. INVENTION is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words. 【答案】FChapter41. Paradigmatic relati
8、on in syntax is alternatively called horizontal relation. 【答案】F （解释： Paradigmatic relation is also called vertical relation; horizontal relation is a term for syntagmatic relation.）2. It is characteristic of Hallidays theory that more attention is paid to paradigmatic relations than to syntagmatic r
9、elations, which is the main concern of Chomsky. 【答案】T1In English, nouns have three casesnominative, accusative and genitive. 【答案】T1. All languages have some differences in verb forms which are used to produce cohesion.【答案】T2. In the example: “He couldnt open the door. It was locked tight”, the relat
10、ion between “the door” and “It” is that of substitution. 【答案】F (reference) Chapter51. After comparing “They stopped at the end of the corridor” with “At the end of the corridor, they stopped.” you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocative mean
11、ing【答案】F2. After comparing “They stopped at the end of the corridor.” with “At the end of the corridor, they stopped.” you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of thematic meaning. 【答案】T3. When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the con
12、ceptual, the meaning is sometimes referred to as speakers meaning, or contextual meaning.【答案】T1. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory. 【答案】T2. Reference is one of the rarely used cohesive devices. 【答案】F
13、3. Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. 【答案】T4. The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALITY. 【答案】TChapter91.Me
14、tonymy is a kind of figurative language which is usually classed as a type of synecdoche. It refers to using the name of part of an object to talk about the whole thing, and vice versa, as the use of “hands” in “We are short of hands”. 【答案】F【解析】Synecdoche is a kind of figurative language which is us
15、ually classed as a type of metonymy. It refers to using the name of part of an object to talk about the whole thing, and vice versa, as the use of “hands” in “We are short of hands”.1. Blank verse consists of lines in iambic pentameter which do not rhyme. 【答案】T2. The initial consonants are identical
16、 in alliteration. 【答案】T1. The term Stream of consciousness writing was originally coined by the philosopher William James in his Principle of Psychology to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind. 【答案】T2. AUTHORIAL STYLE looks closely at how linguistic choices help to cons
17、truct textual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader. 【答案】F【解析】Text style looks closely at how linguistic choices help to construct textual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader.1.The opinion that a language is primitive reflects the social judgment of the language. 【答案】F
