1、One,Art of Public Speaking,Learning objectives of the course,To study the process of preparing a speechTo study the elements of speech presentationTo be aware of certain presentation errors that can negatively affect a speech evaluationTo learn the basic steps in making a good impression,Introductio
2、n,Learning objectives of Chapter 1: 1. Explain the value of a course in public speaking 2. Discuss the long tradition of studying public speaking. 3. Identify the major similarities and differences between public speaking and everyday conversation. 4.Speech communication process,Key-terms,orator rt(
3、r) / addresser channel rhetoric Intercultural communicative competence frame of reference interference massage situation,The tradition of public speaking,“一人之辩，重于九鼎之宝， 三寸之舌，强于百万之师”,The power of public speaking,public speaking,job hunting,various competitions,personal life,Force and empowerment,Genre
4、 of public speaking,artistic expression (song, poetry, play) persuasion advising inspiring argumentation,PS & intercultural communicative competence,English Language,Chinese heritage,To respect diversity of culture Avoid ethnocentrism (民族优越感),Cultural Diversity and Public Speaking,Speechmaking becom
5、es more complex as cultural diversity increases.Not only do words change from language to language, but so do ways of thinking and of seeing the world.Even meanings attached to gestures for such basic messages as “yes” and “no” are culturally based.,Cultural Diversity and Public Speaking,Diversity a
6、nd multiculturalism are such basic facts of life that can play a role in almost any speech you give:A business manager briefing employees of a multinational company.A lawyer presenting her closing argument to an ethnically mixed jury.An international student explaining the customs of his land to stu
7、dents at a U.S. university.,Cultural Diversity and Public Speaking,1. Avoid ethnocentrism, the belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.2. If there is a language difference between you and your audience, avoid any words or phrases that might cause misundersta
8、nding.3. When delivering your speech, be alert to feedback that might indicate the audience is having trouble grasping your ideas.,Critical Thinking Skills,Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation,Organizing thoughts logically Tailoring the message to the audience Telling a story for ma
9、ximum impact Adapting to listener feedback,Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation,Public speaking is more highly structured Public speaking requires more formal language Public speaking requires a different method of delivery,The Speech Communication Process,Speaker Message Channel Lis
10、tener Feedback Interference Situation,The Speech Communication Process,Insert Figure 1.1,Speaker,The person who is presenting an oral message to a listener.,Message,Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.,Channel,The means by which a message is communicated.,Listener,The person who receives
11、 the speakers message.,Frame of Reference,The sum of a persons knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes.Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listeners frame of reference.No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.,Feedback,The messages, usually nonverbal, sent f
12、rom a listener to a speaker.,Interference,Anything that impedes the communication of a message.,Situation,The time and place in which speech communication occurs.,Summary,1. Explain the value of a course in public speaking 2. Discuss the long tradition of studying public speaking. 3. Identify the ma
13、jor similarities and differences between public speaking and everyday conversation. 4.Speech communication process,The Secret to Success,The script Exercise,orator rhetoric Intercultural communicative competence frame of reference communication process What is a good public speech?,Review Chapter1:
14、Think about the following,Chapter Two Speaking Confidently and Ethically,Learning Objectives: Skills and information to speak confidently Skills and information to speak ethically,Key Terms:,Stage fright positive nervousness visualization ethics plagiarism pledrzm 剽窃 (3 types: global, patchwork, inc
15、remental plagiarism) paraphrase,Stage Fright,Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience Fear of public speaking and fear of death usually rank top in most surveys asking people of their fear!,31,What Causes Stage Fright?,inadequate preparation fear of being judged unfamilia
16、rity with the audience or the environment lack of knowledge about public speaking feelings of inadequacy fear of the unknown negative past experiences,32,Important Understandings About Stage Fright,It is normal. Almost everyone experiences some nervousness about speaking in some situations. It is mo
17、stly internal. You will usually feel more nervous than you look. Or mental stress.,33,Dealing with Nervousness,Acquire speaking experience Preparation Think positively Use the power of visualization Dont expect perfection,Reducing Speech Anxiety,Know your audience Select an appropriate topic Re-crea
18、te the speech environment when you rehearse Know your introduction and conclusion Be organized Use visual aids,35,Being smiling,Ethics,The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.,Ethical Decisions,Weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical
19、 standards or guidelines.,Guidelines for Ethical Speaking,Make sure your goals are ethically sound Be fully prepared for each speech Be honest in what you say Put ethical principles into practice Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language,Name-Calling,The use of language to defame, demea
20、n, or degrade individuals or groups.,Plagiarism,Presenting another persons language or ideas as ones own.,Types of Plagiarism,Global plagiarism Patchwork plagiarism Incremental plagiarism,Global Plagiarism,Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as ones own.,Patchwork Plag
21、iarism,Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as ones own.,Incremental Plagiarism,Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.,Plagiarism and the Internet,Wikipedia ! Cite sources when using Internet materials Take ca
22、reful research notes,Guidelines for Ethical Listening,Be courteous and attentive Avoid prejudging the speaker Maintain the free and open transaction of ideas,Chapter 3 Giving Your First Speech,Learning Objectives:the basic introduction about: How to develop and organize your first speech How to deli
23、ver your first speech,Key Trems,Preview statement Chronological order Topical order transition,Developing Your First Speech,Focus your speech to fit the time limitSelect a limited number of points and develop them clearlyOrganize your speech into 3 parts: introduction, body, and conclusion,Introduct
24、ion of the speech,Posing a question Telling a story Making a startling statement Opening with a quotation,Rehearsing Your First Speech,Rehearse the speech out loudAsk friends or family members to listen and to give constructive feedbackTime your speech To visualize your delivery several times?,Interpersonal Communication,Speech 1: “Introduce a Chinese Celebrity” and let us guess him/her!,
