1、Sonnet 18,Definition of Sonnet,A sonnet is a lyric invariably of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.,Types of Sonnet,Shakespearian Sonnet,Also known as the English Sonnet, consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdc
2、d efef gg. A theme is developed & elaborated in the quatrains, & a concluding thought is presented in the couplet,5-foot Iambus (Iambic Pentametre),(五步抑扬格),Study Questions,Why does the poet compare thee to a summers day? And who could thee be? What picture have you got of English summer, and could y
3、ou explain why? How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? What figures of speech are used in this poem? What is the theme of the poem?,Appreciation,Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Tho
4、u art more lovely and more temperate.,- a summers day: In England, summer is not hot but comfortably warm. It is the most pleasant season of the year.-temperate: gentle, soft, mild,Paraphrase: How can I compare you to a summers day since you are lovelier and gentler than it?,Modern English v.s. Midd
5、le English,you You (object form) your yours,thine thou Thee Thy,In fact, the violent winds do destroy the lovely buds of May, and summer lasts for only a very short period of time.,Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And Summers lease hath all too short a date.,rough: violent; terrible dar
6、ling: lovely; dear; charming lease: Here it is figuratively used, meaning “lifetime”. hath: old use for “has” date: period of time,But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst, Nor shall Death brag thou wandrest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou gr
7、owst,eternal summer: (metaphor) immortal youthfulnessDeath: (personification) the destroyer of life eternal lines: immortal lines of poetry such as the lines in this poem to time thou grost: youll grow together with time, just as time that lasts forever,Paraphrase: If you are written in an eternal p
8、oem, you will become part of time, you will always be young or your youthfulness will be everlasting (will never disappear), and you will never lose your beauty, and even Death shall not boast that you are under his control.,So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long live this, and this giv
9、es life to thee. this: this poemAs long as there is man living in this world, as long as mans eyes can see things, this poem will be eternal and it will also make you immortal.,Sonnet 18 (1609),Shall I compare thee to a summers day? 我怎么能够把你来比作夏天? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 你不独比它可爱也比它温婉
10、: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践, And summers lease hath all too short a date: 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短:,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈, And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽: And every fair from fair sometime declines, 被机缘或无常的天道所摧折, By chance
11、, or natures changing course untrimmed没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。,But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 但是你的长夏永远不会雕落, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst, 也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳, Nor shall death brag thou wandrest in his shade, 或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊, When in eternal lines to time thou growst, 当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。 So long as men ca
12、n breathe or eyes can see, 只要一天有人类,或人有眼睛, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 这诗将长存,并且赐给你生命。,Theme,a profound meditation on the destructive power of time and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves. A nice summers day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence of poetry,