IUCN评价标准3.1.pdf

1、 1IUCN物种红色名录 濒危等级和标准 3.1版 IUCN物种生存委员会制订 IUCN理事会第51次会议通过 瑞士，格朗德 2000年2月9日 IUCN 世界自然保护联盟 2001 g1025g3281g10627g3671g994g2469g4649g3281g19481g2524g1328g4008g2604g1262g10995g10301g3822g7691g5627g5049g1328g13464 g16805g2058 g1025g2338g1166g8677g1861g2656g3281g9638g2373g10301g12193g17839g1998g2487g12661g1

2、0714g2162g1856g4472 g1025g2338g1166g8677g1861g2656g3281g9638g2373g10301g12193g12197g4410g4008g2604g1262 2002年5月 2IUCN RED LIST Categories and Criteria Version 3.1 Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission As approved by the 51st meeting of the IUCN Council Gland, Switzerland 9 February 2000 I

3、UCN The World Conservation Union 2001 3译 序 g980g20041 4目 录 IUCN物种红色名录等级和标准 1 I. g12628 g1183 1 II. g5219 g16340 III. g4462 g1053 IV. g10301g12193g9638g2373g12573g13435 V. g7509g2373g451g9638g2373g2462g7143g2373g11352g7643g1946 g19480g54171g726g993g11842g4462g3252g13044 g19480g54172g726IUCNg10301g121

4、93g13430g14406g2529g5417g9638g2373g12573g13435g2656g7643g1946g11352g5353g11004 g19480g54173g726g2027g1849IUCNg13430g14406g2529g5417g2010g12879g2345g1815g11352g6116g7003g16213g8726 g2454g13783g7003g10498 IUCN物种红色名录标准在地区水平的应用 g5353g16340 g4462g1053 g16792g1284 g16764g16782 g2454g13783g7003g10498 g1377

5、5g16805g726g16311 g9989 5IUCN物种红色名录濒危等级 I. 简 介 1g451 g1002g11040g14270g9994g1457g6264g13864g11443g9638g2373g10301g12193g13430g14406g2529g5417g11352g12573g13435g2656g7643g1946g5224g16825g7171g12628g2345g13792g15999g5203g8879g6521g2475g11352g1852g10711g2475g4053g13973g10301g12193g11352g2010g13435g7643

6、g1946g1319g13007g712g16825g1319g13007g11352g11458g11352g7171g1038g6365g10043g10301g12193g11352g13489g9793g2373g19517g12255g5242g17839g15904g7380g5203g14551g3272g10301g12193g11352g12573g13435g2022g2010g712g6564g1391g7138g7236g13792g4470g16278g11352g7706g7562g452g9994g13792g712g4439g993g7171g2819g980g

7、11352g14033g3827g1038g1457g6264g17837g1135g10301g12193g11842g4462g1260g1820g1457g6264g6526g7057g11352g6175g8585g452 g16825g1319g13007g3324g5326g12447g17819g12255g1025g712g2465g3809g11352g2842g16764g2656g7828g20576g16789g7138g16825g1319g13007g17878g11004g1122g3835g3822g6980g10995g10301g1319g452g1306g

8、7171g712g5224g16825g6363g1998g11352g7171g712g4625g12661g16825g1319g13007g11352g2475g4053g13973g11352g12573g13435g1867g7389g17751g20652g11352g980g14280g5627g712g1306g1866g7643g1946g8821g7389g13783g15397g8611g1022g10301g12193g11352g10995g8975g2502g452g3252g8504g712g7588g1135g10301g12193g11352g13489g97

9、93g4053g13973g2499g14033g15999g1314g1284g6122g20652g1284g452 2g451 1994g5192g2081g712g13430g11394g1082g2656g13430g14406g2529g5417g1025g7368g5114g1039g16278g5627g11352g2475g4053g13973g10301g12193g11352g2010g13435g7643g1946g5326g12447g1209g7481g712g5062g13475g2394g1114g1782930g5192g712g7411g19400g1347

10、5g17819g980g1135g1474g6925g452g3835g4490g5062g13475g16760g16794g2052g1474g16758g10301g12193g9638g2373g12573g13435g7643g1946g11352g5529g16213g5627g708Fitter and Fitter 1987g709g4521989g5192g5224g16825g4008g2604g1262g11352g6363g4560g4008g2604g1262g11352g16213g8726g712g5332g4649g1114g8504g20045g5326g12

11、447g980g1022g7368g2164g4470g16278g11352g2475g4053g13973g10301g12193g2010g13435g7643g1946g11352g5049g1328g4521994 g5192g712IUCN g10714g1119g1262g18331g11004g1114g7044g11352g13430g14406g2529g5417g1319g13007g452 g7044g11352IUCNg13430g14406g2529g5417g12573g13435g2656g7643g1946g1867g7389g1209g991g1972g10

12、22g10317g4462g11458g7643g726 head2right g1038g993g2528g3281g4490g6122g3332g2318g11352g1166g1216g6564g1391g2499g1209g13491g980g1363g11004g11352g1319g13007g727 head2right g17902g17819g1363g11004g9177g7236g7138g11842g11352g1319g13007g7643g1946g712g7368g2164g4470g16278g3332g16792g1284g4560g14280g10301g1

13、2193g9638g1032g9793g13489g2373g19517g11352g1328g11004g3252g13044g727 head2right g6564g1391g980g1022g1427g1122g5058g5334g7509g3835g11352g10301g12193g6122g12879g13688g19400g17839g15904g8616g17751g11352g7044g1319g13007g727 head2right g1363g2475g4053g13973g10301g12193g2529g5417g11352g1363g11004g13785g73

14、68g3921g3332g10714g16311g2520g10301g12193g2010g13435g11352g10714g11013g452 3g451g142701994g5192IUCNg13430g14406g2529g5417g15999IUCNg10714g1119g1262g18331g11004g1209g7481g712g5483g2052g1114g3281g19481g113526g5203g8879g6227g16760g712g10628g3324g5062g13475g3324IUCNg2656g1866g1194g16780g3822g6931g5232g2

15、656g19762g6931g5232g13464g13467g11352g1998g10268g10301g2656g2529g5417g990g1363g11004g452g3926g8504g5203g8879g11352g1363g11004g1075g8503g5859g2631g11540g16825g2529g5417g19668g16213g3835g18339g11352g6925g17839g4521996g5192g712g1002g11040g14270g9994g1457g6264g3835g1262g708WCC Res.1.4g709g4008g1231SSCg4

16、557g16825g1319g13007g17839g15904g1474g16758g452g7424g7003g1226g2469g15932g11352g7171SSCg7643g1946g1474g16758g5049g1328g13464g6164g6524g14628g11352g1474g16758g452 g7424g7003g1226g6164g2469g15932g11352g7044g7643g1946g2394g13475g1186g17227g14621g2052g993g7041g1474g6925g451g2842g16764g1209g2462g7380g253

17、0g10995g6940g11352g17842g13505g17819g12255g452g7186g9994g712g11013g1122g7378g13475g1998g10628g17819g993g4581g993g2528g11352g14621g7708g712g10317g2047g7171g8611g980g1233g14621g7708g18129g5062g5224g11004g1122g7588g1135g12879g13688g11352g1457g6264g12573g13435g2022g2010g712g4560g14280g980g1135g13022g109

18、3g452g1038g1114g16840g7138g1119g4466g13475g17819g712g1209g2462g15932g7138g17837g1135g6925g2476g11352g17819g12255g2656g7114g19400g712g10628g4570g2520g14621g7708g10268g7424g13546g11733g3926g991g726 g10268g74241.0g726Mace and Landeg7081991g709 g16825g7003g1226g20330g8437g6518g16764g1114g980g12193g7044g

19、11352g2010g13435g3534g11796g712g6564g1998g1114g10317g2047g7171g19036g4557g3835g3423g14046g7906g2172g10301g11352g18339g2282g7643g1946g452 g10268g74242.0g726Mace et al.g7081992g709 g4557g10268g7424 1.0 g11352g980g8437g18337g3835g1474g16758g712g10317g2047g7171g1363g18339g2282g11352g7643g1946g17878g1100

20、4g1122g6164g7389g11352g10995g10301g712g5194g5353g1849g1114g7422g2475g4053g13973g12573g13435g452 g10268g74242.1g726IUCNg7081993g709 g13475g17819SSCg14551g3272g1881g11352g2465g3809g2842g16764g712g4557g7643g1946g11352g13466g14422g17839g15904g1114g980g13007g2027g11352g1474g6925g712g4557g3534g7424g2419g2

21、029g1075g1328g1114g7368g2164g1817g2010g11352g16311g18334g452g16825g10268g7424g17836g17902g17819g980g1022g7368g9177g7236g11352g13479g7512g712g6593g12046g1114g7422g2475g4053g13973g12573g13435g11352g18337g16213g5627g452 g10268g74242.2g726Mace and Stuartg7081994g709 g7693g6466g17839g980g8505g6922g19610g

22、2052g11352g5859g16277g712g5194g13475g17819g1889g980g8437g10995g6940g16809g11004g2530g712g4557g7643g1946g2460g1328g1114g5506g4579g6925g2172g452g2490g4570g10268g74242.0g26562.1g11352g6947g5875g13435g731g12573g13435g5414g1849g1114g7143g2373g12573g13435g712g5194g5390g16855g1114g16825g1319g13007g19462g57

23、51g1122g7422g9994g11352g1328g11004g452 g10268g74242.3g726IUCN (1994) 1994g519212g7388g712IUCNg10714g1119g1262g18331g11004g1114g17837g1022g10268g7424g712g1866g1025g6922g13546g1114IUCNg6116g2604g16764g16782g2530g6164g1328g11352g980g1135g1474g6925g452g7424g7003g1226g11352g2033g3999g10268g7424g1998g1026

24、8g7114g712g16844g3926g1998g10268g7097g7411g2656g3281g19481g7643g1946g1082g2507g1055g12879g11352g18337g16213g11352g7003g10498g13466g14422g8821g7389g2164g1849g712g1306g5062g13447g18491998g5192g2656 1999 g5192g11352g1889g10268g1055g1025g452g4571996 IUCN g2475g4053g13973g2172g10301g13430g14406g2529g5417

25、g4587g708Baillie andGroombridge 1996g709g2656g457g1002g11040g2475g4053g13973g7653g7420g2529g5417g458g708Oldfield et al.1998g709g1363g11004g1114g17837g980g10268g7424g452 g10268g74243.0g726IUCN/SSCg7643g1946g1474g16758g5049g1328g13464g7081999g709 g7693g6466g6922g19610g2052g11352g5859g16277g712g2496g53

26、32g1114g980g13007g2027g11352g11752g16764g1262g7481g13783g15397g16825g13430g14406g2529g5417g12573g13435g7643g1946g19394g20076g712g14731g5483g980g1135g5445g2721g2052g7643g1946g11352g5859g16277g712g980g1135g7389g1863g1863g19202g7427g16833g11352g4462g1053g1209g2462g3800g10714g993g11842g4462g3252g13044g1

27、2573g11352g5326g16770g452 g10268g74243.1g726IUCNg7082001g709 g7380g7044g10268g7424g7693g6466IUCN/SSCg6116g2604g11352g5859g16277g5194g13475g7643g1946g1474g16758g5049g1328g13464g7380g2530g980g8437g1262g16770g1474g6925g2530g712g11222000g51922g7388g5062g13475g10714g1119g1262g17902g17819g452 g6164g7389g7

28、044g11352g16792g1284g5224g980g5471g1209g7380g7044g10268g7424g1038g1946g712g5194g5224g5353g11004g7424g10268g7424g2507g452 4g451g7424g7003g1226g1209g991g2010g1038g1972g1022g18108g2010g726g12544g1120g18108g2010g11352g5219g16340g6564g1391g1114g16825g1319g13007g11352g7481g21869g2447g14045g2656g13479g7512

29、g11352g5785g1929g712g1209g2462g4570g17837g1135g7643g1946g5224g11004g1122g10301g12193g7114g5224g5415g17993g5502g11352g12255g5219g727g12544g989g18108g2010g6564g1391g1114g7003g1226g1025g6164g11004g18337g16213g7427g16833g11352g4462g1053g727g12544g3247g18108g2010g6564g1391g1114g12573g13435g727g12544g1128

30、g18108g2010g2027g1998g1114g2475g4053g13973g12573g13435g1319g13007g1881g2022g2010g2520g1022g12573g13435g11352g18339g2282g7643g1946g727g12544g1857g18108g2010g7171g7003g10498g11458g5417g452g8504g3818g712g19480g54171g6564g1391g1114g3800g10714g993g11842g4462g3252g13044g11352g6363g2347g712g19480g54172g764

31、3g7138g1114g5353g11004g13430g14406g2529g5417g12573g13435g2656g7643g1946g11352g7643g1946g7696g5347g712g19480g5417 3 g8022g6336g1114g4570g15999g2027g1849g457IUCN g1852g10711g13430g14406g2529g5417g458g11352g2010g12879g2345g1815g11352g6116g7003g16213g8726g452g1038g1114g7389g6940g3332g1363g11004g16825g13

32、19g13007g712g5529g20047g16213g16760g11507g19417g16847g2656g10714g16311g7044g7643g1946g1319g13007g11352g2520g1022g18108g2010g712g1209g11842g1457g17993g5502g17837g1135g4462g1053g2656g2419g2029g708g8892g5859g726g19480g54171g4512g26563g4570g1262g4462g7411g7368g7044g709g452 8II. 序 言 g1209g991g2027g1998g1

33、114g7389g1863g3926g1321g1363g11004g2656g16311g18334g12573g13435g708g7509g2373g451g9638g2373g12573g709g451g7643g1946g708A - Eg709g2656g1134g7643g1946g4661g4512g12573g727ag451bg12573g727g708ig709g451g708iig709g12573g467g11352g18337g16213g1461g5699g726 1、等级划分过程中所涉及的分类单元的水平和范围 g16825g7643g1946g2499g1209

34、g5224g11004g1122g1231g1321g980g1022g12193g6122g12193g1209g991g11352g2010g12879g4410g2345g1815g712g1038g1114g1363g11004g7053g1427g712g1209g991g11352g8892g18334g451g4462g1053g2462g7643g1946g1025g1363g11004g1114g256g2010g12879g2345g1815g257g17837g980g7427g16833g712g4439g2499g1209g1207g15932g12193g6122g

35、12193g1209g991g11352g2010g12879g4410g8712g5191g712g2265g6336g8821g7389g8503g5347g6563g17860g17819g11352g10995g10301g3423g452g3822g7477g7643g1946g6564g1391g1114g17287g3827g11352g2476g2282g14551g3272g712g14033g3827g17878g11004g1122g19512g5506g10995g10301g1209g3818g11352g6164g7389g10995g10301g11352g201

36、0g12879g2345g1815g11352g12573g13435g2022g2010g452g16825g7643g1946g1075g2499g5224g11004g1122g1231g1321g10317g4462g3332g10714g6122g15904g6931g2318g3507g712g1306g7171g3324g17837g12193g5785g1929g991g712g19668g16213g2454g10043g991g19766g11352g1254414g7477g3800g10714g452g2588g12046g16825g7643g1946g11352g5

37、224g11004g13479g7536g7114g712g5224g5415g7693g6466g6116g7003g6363g2347g708g16277g19480g5417 3g709g7138g11842g16792g1284g17819g12255g1025g6164g1363g11004g11352g2010g12879g4410g2345g1815g2462g1866g2318g3507g452g12573g13435g2022g2010g5224g5415g1177g5224g11004g1122g3324g1866g14270g9994g10995g8975g14551g3

38、272g1881g11352g18338g10995g12193g13688g1209g2462g11013g1122g14403g5627g5353g1849g6164g5430g6116g11352g12193g13688g452g14403g5627g5353g1849g3324g457IUCN g18337g5353g1849g6363g2347g458g708IUCN1998g709g1025g15999g4462g1053g1038g726g256g1209g1457g6264g1038g11458g11352g712g3324g1866g2394g2502g16772g5417g

39、2010g5079g2318g1209g3818g712g1306g3324g1866g17878g5224g10995g3671g2656g10995g5589g3332g10714g2318g3507g1881g5326g12447g12193g13688g11352g15904g1038g452g2494g7389g3324g980g1022g10301g12193g11352g2394g2502g14551g3272g1881g993g1889g7389g2109g1325g2318g3507g11352g5785g1929g991g712g4439g6177g7171g980g102

40、2g2499g17885g6333g11352g1457g6264g5049g1867g452g257 2、等级的特征 g7424g7003g1226g1563g4462g13489g9793g7171g980g12193g7438g10587g452g3252g8504g15999g2027g3324g17751g20652g13489g9793g2373g19517g12573g13435g712g15932g7138g20056g16757g16825g2010g12879g2345g1815g13489g9793g11352g2499g14033g5627g17751g3835g712

41、g13475g17819g10317g4462g11352g7114g19400g8585g712g2027g3324g17751g20652g12573g13435g11352g2010g12879g2345g1815g13489g9793g11352g2499g14033g8616g2027g3324g17751g1314g12573g13435g11352g3822g708g3324g8821g7389g7389g6940g1457g6264g6526g7057g11352g5785g1929g991g709g452g9994g13792g712g7389g1135g2027g3324g

42、20652g5242g2475g4053g13973g12573g13435g11352g2010g12879g2345g1815g13512g6357g3324g2419g7389g2475g4053g13973g12573g13435g712g5194g993g16840g7138g1209g2081g4557g4439g1216g11352g16792g1284g7171g993g1946g11842g11352g452 g6164g7389g2027g1849g7509g2373g11352g2010g12879g2345g1815g18129g12538g2524g7143g2373

43、g2656g9638g2373g11352g7477g1226g712g6164g7389g2027g1849g9638g2373g11352g2010g12879g2345g1815g18129g12538g2524g7143g2373g11352g7477g1226g452g17837g1135g12573g13435g17902g12228g1038g256g2475g4053g13973g12573g13435g257g452g2475g4053g13973g12573g13435g7171g6984g1022g12573g13435g1319g13007g1025g11352g980

44、g18108g2010g452g6164g7389g11352g2010g12879g2345g1815g18129g2499g2027g1849g980g1022g17878g5415g11352g12573g13435g708g16277g32821g709g452 93、多条标准的作用 g7509g2373g451g9638g2373g6122g7143g2373g2010g2047g18129g7389g6980g18339g7643g1946g14551g3272g727g3926g7536g980g2010g12879g2345g1815g12538g2524g17837g1135

45、g7643g1946g1025g11352g1231g1321g980g7477g712g2375g2499g4570g16825g2010g12879g2345g1815g2027g1849g11468g5224g8712g5191g11352g2475g4053g13973g12573g13435g452g8611g980g1022g2010g12879g2345g1815g18129g5529g20047g13475g17819g6164g7389g7643g1946g11352g16792g1284g452g4625g12661g980g1135g7643g1946g993g17878

46、g11004g1122g10317g4462g11352g2010g12879g2345g1815g708g980g1135g2010g12879g2345g1815g8716g17840g1075g993g1262g12538g2524g17837g1135g7477g1226g712g1306g2376g6521g17829g13489g9793g709g712g1306g7171g5647g7389g7643g1946g17878g2524g1122g16792g1227g17837g1135g2010g12879g2345g1815g11352g2475g4053g13973g8712

47、g5191g452g18337g16213g11352g7171g2494g16213g12538g2524g980g7477g7643g1946g712g13792g993g3324g1122g6164g7389g2520g7477g7643g1946g18129g2524g17878g6122g13785g18129g4448g1852g12538g2524g452g3252g1038g1119g1820g993g11705g17959g4557g1122g980g1022g10317g4462g11352g10301g12193g7481g16840g712g2750g1135g7643

48、g1946g17878g2524g452g3252g8504g712g8611g1022g10301g12193g18129g5224g16825g11004g6164g7389g11352g7643g1946g17839g15904g16792g1284g712g12538g2524g1231g1321g980g7477g7643g1946g2375g5224g1116g2027g1849g452 4、数量标准的来源 g1038g6518g7138g17340g17246g5203g3835g14551g3272g11352g7389g7438g1319g2462g1866g6164g464

49、9g12046g11352g3822g7691g10995g8975g2502g11352g14280g2373g3252g13044g712g17902g17819g5203g8879g16792g1284g712g5483g2052g1114g993g2528g11352g7643g1946g708A-Eg709g452g2475g4053g13973g12573g13435g11352g2520g7477g2022g2010g7643g1946g1025g11352g6980g1552g7171g17902g17819g5203g8879g2842g16764g2530g5430g6116g11352g712g4625g12661g17836g8821g7389g8503g5347g16789g7138g17837g1135g6980g1552g11352g2524g10714g5627g712g1306g17837g1135g6980g1552g18129g16786g4462g3324g7234g17953g16760g1038g2524g17878g11352g8712g5191g452g12573g13435g1881g11352g3822g7477g2022g2010g7643g1946g11352