1、Chapter One,Geography, People and Language,Contents,I Geography,1. Geographical Feature 2. Climate 3. Major Cities,Map of the UK,Read the map to find: Atlantic Ocean North Sea Irish Sea The English Channel (The Channel Tunnel ) The Republic of Ireland,Geography,The official title of the UKthe United
2、 Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe UK is made up of:Great Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. ) Northern Ireland Numerous smaller islands,Title and Make up of the UK,Location and territory,Location of the UK:The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49N and
3、61N and longitudes 8W to 2ETotal territory: 242,910 square kilometersInteresting Fact: No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.,Topography,Northern Ireland: Its mostly hilly.,Wales: Its mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainousthan North and Mid Wales.,Scotland: Its
4、 geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west.,England: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west.,Ben Nevis in Scotland the highest point in UK,Rivers and Lakes,The longest river: Severn Rive
5、r (354 kilometers long)The second longest river: Thames (332 kilometers long) The largest Lake: Lough Neagh,Thames,Lake District,Lake poets,“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud“ -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host,
6、 of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.,Lake
7、 poets,The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed-and gazed-but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that in
8、ward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.,2. Climate,Main characteristics:Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features: Winter fog Rainy days Instability/changeability,3. Major Cities London,Th
9、e River Thames,the capital of England and of Great Britainthe political center of the Commonwealtha major portone of the worlds leading banking and financial centers.,Landmarks & Symbols of London,The palace of Westminster,Landmarks & Symbols of London,Westminster Abbey,Big Ben,Landmarks & Symbols o
10、f London,St. Pauls Cathedral,Landmarks & Symbols of London,Hyde Park,Tower of London,Landmarks & Symbols of London,Tower Bridge,Buckingham Palace,Landmarks & Symbols of London,London Eye,Major CitiesEdinburgh,Capital of Scotlandadministrative, financial, legal, medical and insurance center of Scotla
11、ndbeautiful scenery renowned architecture,Landmarks & Symbols of Edinburgh,Edinburgh Castle,Palace of Holyrood,Major CitiesCardiff,Europes youngest capital cityhas been the capital city of Wales for around 50 yearshome to an enormous amount of urban regeneration and restoration has recently become o
12、ne of the most fashionable cities in the United Kingdom.,Landmarks & Symbols of Cardiff,Cardiff City Hall,Landmarks & Symbols of Cardiff,Millennium Stadium,Cardiff Castle,Major CitiesBelfast,City Hall,the second largest city capital of Northern Irelandan important historic city,Landmarks & Symbols o
13、f Belfast,Belfast Castle,II People,Overall population: over 60 millionsDistribution: England: about 50 million Scotland:over 5 million Wales: around 3 million Northern Ireland: about 1.7million,Ethnicity,The majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons Most people in Wales and Sco
14、tland are descendents of the Celtic people The Irish people were also Celtic in origin immigrants,Percentage of total UK Population,Ethinc Groups of total White British 85.7% White Irish 1.2% White (other) 5.3% Mixed race 1.2% Indian 1.8% Pakistani 1.3% Bengali 0.5% Other Asian (non-Chinese) 0.4% Bl
15、ack Caribbean 1.0% Black African 0.8%Black (others) 0.2% Chinese 0.4% Other 0.4%,III The English Language,1. Old English 2. Middle English 3. Modern English 4. Standard English,1. Old English (5th 11th),Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced by Old Norse Latin and Greek words Danish words,Beowulf,The mo
16、st famous work from the Old English period is the epic poem ”Beowulf” (approximately AD 900)Hwt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum, eodcyninga, rym gefrunon, hu a elingas ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum,2. Middle English (11th 15th ),StatusFrench replaced English as the official language, an
17、d English became the Language of lower classbig porksheep muttoncattle beefDevelopmentEnglish increased in importance after the Black Death,The Canterbury Tales,written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the centuryWhan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed
18、 every veyne in swich licour,Of which vertu engendred is the flour;,Geoffrey Chaucer,3. Modern English (15th ),The printing pressbrought standardization of EnglishSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingRenaissanceassimilated foreign words throughout the Renaissance The Indu
19、strial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideasThe rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languages,Othello,by William Shakespeare 1603La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I h
20、old it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no contriud murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thought to haue ierkd him here, Vnder the ribbes. Oth.: Tis better as it is. Which can be translated as: La: Though in the trade of war I have slain man, Yet do I hold it
21、very stuff o the conscience. To do no contrived murder: I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service: nine or tem times I had thought to have yerkd him here under the ribs. Othello: Tis better as it is.,Shakespeare,4. Standard English,based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern Englandadopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media also called as Queens English or BBC English based on the London dialectbecoming a universal Lingua Francathe world language,Thank You !,
