1、中考英语-特殊句式- 1 -特殊句式1.虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。（1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。（2）祈使语气表示说话人对对方的请求、警告或命令。如：Please come over here. 请到这边来。Watch your steps! 当心！（走路）（3）虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句
2、中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。如： If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。May you succeed! 祝你成功！一、 条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be 用 were)should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could +
3、 动词原形现在 动词过去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 动词原形过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：中考英语-特殊句式- 2 -If he studied at this school, he would kno
4、w you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词 be 时，可用 was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年
5、轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。(4) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。省略主句 If I were at home n
6、ow. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。H
7、e goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here
8、. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。中考英语-特殊句式- 3 -(2) 在 whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形(指现在或将来 )。如：We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may +完成
9、式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。(3) 在 though, although 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：Although / Though he shoul
10、d be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前 had + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生 过去时(be 用 were )发生在主句动作之后 would / could / might / should+原形动词例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来
11、就好像他们已相互认识很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词( 指现在或将来) 。如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气
12、，你竟然对他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。 should + 完成式, 指过去。如：Im very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。中考英语-特殊句式- 4 -I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情。三、宾语从句中的虚拟语
13、气1英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。如：he teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。The Party asked that we should serve the people wit
14、h our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。但是，当 insist 的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说； suggest 的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。2、强调句一、强调句句型1. 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ wh
15、o（当强调主语且主语指人） + 其他部分。e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2. 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把 is/ was 提到 it 前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping？3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？e.g. When and where was it that you were born？4. 强调句例句：针对 I met Li Ming at the railway sta
16、tion yesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：It was I that （who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5. 注意：构成强调句的
17、 it 本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用 that， who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that， who 不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用 It was ，其余的时态用 It is .二、not until 句型的强调句中考英语-特殊句式- 5 -1. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not unti
18、l his wife came back that he went to bed.2. 注意：此句型只用 until，不用 till.但如果不是强调句型， till， until 可通用；因为句型中 It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that 后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。三、谓语动词的强调1. It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词 do/ does 或 did.e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。Do be careful when y
19、ou cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2. 注意：此种强调只用 do/ does 和 did，没有别的形式；过去时用 did，后面的谓语动词用原形。3、倒装句主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装和部分倒装完全倒装（Full Inversion）:又称“全部倒装”，是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。部分倒装（Partial Inversion）：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情
20、态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。一、表示强调:1、only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。Eg:Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法 ,你才可以解决这个问题。2、hardly 、in no way、little、scarcely、seldom 、never、no more、 no longer、not 、not only、no sooner、not only (but also)、not until 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首，句子用部分倒装。Eg：No sooner
21、had I got home than it began to rain.我刚到家就下起了雨。Not until twelve oclock did he go to bed last night .她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门3、so 引出的倒装句通常用“so+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语（另一者），表示另一者也如此Eg:Marry likes Chinese, so does Tom.玛丽喜欢汉语，汤姆也喜欢。4、以副词 here , there 开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。Eg:Here is the letter you have been looking f
22、orward to.你盼望已久的信在这儿。 5、可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away 等)或拟声词(bang, crack 等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外) 。Eg:Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。6、may 表示祝愿的句子用倒装语序中考英语-特殊句式- 6 -May you succeed!祝你成功！4、There be 句型There be 句型的基本用法 :某地/某存在有某人/ 某物形式为“There be 代词或名词 (短语)地点/时间状语”。b
23、e 要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句：be 后加 not；一般疑问句：将 be 放在句首；反意疑问句中的简短问句：“be(或其否定式) there”eg:1. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 2. There arent two chairs and a desk in the room. (否定句)3. Is there anything wrong with your ears? (Yes，there is/No，there isnt.)4. There wasnt a meeting yesterday, was there？(反
24、意疑问句 )eg:There are several children swimming in the river. 河里有几个孩子在游泳。注意1.就近一致原则 ：即 be 动词的数应与离它最近的一个主语保持一致。 eg：用 be 动词的适当形式填空1) There is an apple and three oranges on the table.2)Are there three oranges and an apple on the table?2. 不定代词在句中作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。eg:There is nothing in the fridge. 专项练习1.虚拟语气1
25、Come and join us, Jimmy!-Im sorry, but Im really busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go.A.will have B.have had C.had D.have2 I dont know what to do. If I you, I buy a guidebook.A. am; will B. am; would C. were; will D. were; would3 If my mother _ I get a grade of 50 in English exam, she would b
26、e angry.A.knows B.knew C.has known D.would know4 What would you do _ you had millions of money? I am not sure _ what you said is just my dream! A. if, because B. whether, after C. if, when D. whether, because5If I _you. I would wear jeans to the party.A.am B.was C.were D.are6 Come and join us, Betty
27、! Im afraid I cant. Im too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go.A. have B. have had C. will have D. had7Swimming in the river for teenagers is very dangerous.So it is. If I _ them, I _ a shower at home.A. am; would take B. were; will take C. was; would take D. were; would take中考英语-特殊句式- 7 -8I
28、f I a bird, I _ fly in the blue sky.A. was; would B. am; will C. will be; will D. were; would9If I you, I would rather at home and watch TV than to the party.A. was； stay, go B. am；stay, go C. were；to stay, go D. were；stay, go10 Come and join us, Betty! Im afraid I cant. Im too busy now. If I _ time
29、, I would certainly go.A. have B. have had C. will have D. had11I would wear a shirt and tie to the party if I _ you. Its more polite.A. were B. will be C. am12 What would you do if you _ a car accident I will call the police. A. met B. meet C. were meeting13Sir, you should_ at the red lightBut you
30、didntAstop Bhave stopped Cnot have stopped Dstopped14Im not free today, If I _ time, I _ and help him with you.A. have, will go B. had, would go C. have, would go D. had, will go15If I _ you, I would give some flowers to her. A. am B. are C. was D. were2.强调句1 It was Li Ming _ saved the boy.A. who B.
31、 whom C. which D. what2An awful accident _， however, occur the other day.A. does B. did C. has to D. had to3It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan.A. which B. as C. that D. What4It was until last year that he _.A. left his hometown for a new startB. came to realize the important
32、of learning EnglishC. worked as an English teacher at a middle schoolD. set out to build a new house of his town5 David has made great progress recently. _, and _.A. So he has; so you have B. So has he; so you haveC. So he has; so have you D. So has he; so have you6- Is it serious, doctor?- No, noth
33、ing serious. But its important for you _ less meat.A. eating B. to eat C. eat7The actor donated a lot of money. a generous man he is! .AWhat; So is he BWhat; So he is CHow; So is he DHow; So he is8It is reported that _ people in the world are suffering from the H1N1 flu.A. ten thousand of B. ten tho
34、usands C. thousands of D. ten thousands of 9Is _ necessary_ the workers wear uniforms at work?A. it, for B. this, to C. it, that10_ his work was still as it had been?中考英语-特殊句式- 8 -A. It was why that B. Why is that C. It is why that D. Why was it that11-In recent years more and more Indians like trav
35、eling in Asia during May Day.- .A. So do we Chinese B. Neither do we ChineseC. So we Chinese do D. Neither we Chinese will12Wow. It is rather cold today. Yes. _ yesterday. A. So it is B. So it was C. So was13I think its good _ us _ eat healthy food.A. for ; to B. for; for C.to; for15It is important
36、people learn team spirit.A. of; of B. of; to C. for, to D. to; to3.倒装句1.-Peter, I will visit our teacher this Sunday.-_. Lets go together.A. Nor do I B. I will do C. So will I D. So can I2. Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. _. I have to clean up my bedroom.A. So am I B. Neither am I C. Neith
37、er I am D. So I am3.Only when the work is done _ be able to go back home.A. you have B. you will C. will you D. have you4.-Would you like to go to the amusement park?-If Jack does, _.A. I go, too B. so will I C. neither will I D. so do I5.I cant play the piano, and _.A. neither can my sister B. my s
38、ister cant, too C. so cant my sister D. can my sister, either6.Attention, please! There _a basketball game between our class and Class 5.A. has B. is going to be C. will have D. is going to have7.There _some juice and some cakes on the table.A. is B. are C. am D. be8. All the students are working ha
39、rd now._. Because all of them want to go to good colleges.A. So are they B. Neither they are C. So they are D. So they do9.-I have never been to Hawaii. What about Mike? - . A. So has he B. So he does C. Neither has he D. Neither he has10.-My mother and I will go to Shanghai this summer.-_. Shall we
40、 go together?A. So do I B. So can I C. So am I D. So will I4.There be 句型1There _ no tea in the cup Ais B are Chas D be 中考英语-特殊句式- 9 -2There _ in the next room Ais Tom Bare some boys Care they Dis the boy 3There is some _ on the plate Aapple Bbread Cbanana D sandwich 4There _ some paper and a pen on
41、the desk Ais B are Chave Dhas 5There _ a school at the foot of the hill Ahave B stand Care Dstands 6Theres going to _ in tomorrows newspapers Ahave something new Bhave new something Cbe something new Dbe new something 7There is some milk in the bottle， _ ？ Aisnt there Barent there C isnt it Dare the
42、re 8 _ is there on the table？ AHow many apples BHow much bread CHow much breads DHow many food 9There are sixty minutes in _ hour Aan Bthe C a D 10There is _ old woman in the car A/ Ba Cthe Dan 11Theres _ orange tree behind _ house Aan ；the Ba ；a C the；the 12There is _ map in the classroom _ map is
43、on the wall Aa；A Bthe ；The Ca；The Dthe；A 13There is _ “f”and _ “u”in the word“four” Aan；a Ba ；a Can；an Da；an 14There _ not any water in the glass Ahas Bis Care 15There _ a football match in our school this afternoon Aare going to have Bis going to have Care going to be Dis going to be 16There _ an a
44、pple and ten bananas in the basketYou can take any of them Aare Bis Chas D have 17 _ any flowers on both sides of the street？ AIs there BAre there CHas DHave 18There _ great changes in our country since 1979 Ahave been Bwere Chas been Dare 19There is little water in the glass， _ ？ Aisn t there Bisnt it Cis it Dis there 20There is no air or water on the moon，is there？ _ AYes ，there are BNo，there isnt CYes，there isnt DNo，there is
