1、,第一周: 研究方法概论 (Research Methods Overview),Instructor 授课老师,授课老师:刘和福 办公室: 管理学院413室 电话: 3606822 E-mail: 答问时间:周四下午4:00 - 6:00,Textbook 教材,商业研究方法/(美) 唐纳德R库珀, (美) 帕梅拉S辛德勒著 郭毅, 詹志俊主译北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006 (Cooper, R.D., and Schindler, P.S. Business Research Methods, MacGraw-Hill, 2006.),Introduction 课程简介,管理研究的内
2、容包括研究计划书的撰写和评估,研究设计方法,数据收集方法,数据分析及研究结果报告的表述。课程将结合理论、案例与实际操作,使学生了解管理研究的基本范式和方法。,Content 课程內容,管理研究的概念 管理研究过程和设计方法 数据收集和分析 结构方程模型 研究论文的撰写和评判,课程结束后,学生需能: 领会管理研究方法的内涵 了解当前管理研究的现状 了解管理研究方法范式 可评估,选择,及运用适当方法解决管理研究问题 能就其希望解决的问题设计合理的研究方案 掌握数据收集和分析方法 了解学术论文撰写的基本范式 能批判性的评估相关研究成果。,Aims 课程目标,Grade Requirements 课程
3、要求,阅读参考文献并准备回答相关问题,积极参与课堂中的互动事项。 以小组为单位,就指定的题目准备20-30分钟简报。简报主题将围绕课堂内容,以参考文献为基础展开。 每个学生需选择一个可以用实证方法进行研究的管理课题。该课题应具有可操作性,能够在指定时间内完成。 准备研究提案,该提案需包括以下部分 研究主题 (研究问题) 选题的意义(理论和实践动机) 相关研究 (文献综述) 具体的研究问题 (假设) 研究路线和方案(研究方法和数据分析方法) 时间安排: 初步提案:第6周(一页纸,单行,五号字体) 最终报告:第12周(三页纸,单行,五号字体) 准备研究提案简报并在课堂回答相关问题。,Grades
4、评分标准,课堂讨论 15% 文献阅读和讨论 10% 提案 50% 提案简报 5% 期末考试 20%总计 100%,Class Schedule 授课进度,第一周,研究方法概论 (Research Methods Overview),What Is Research?,Re-Search研究,What Is Research?,Merriam-Websters definition: careful 仔细的 or diligent 勤奋的 search studious 认真的inquiry or examination; investigation or experimentation aim
5、ed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new factspractical application of such new or revised theories or laws the collecting of information about a particular subject http:/www.merriam- organized, systematic, data-based, critical, objec
6、tive, scientific enquiry/investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding answers or solutions to it.,is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data, information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to t
7、ake appropriate actions that, in turn, maximize business performance. - Cooperthe systematic and “objective” process of generating knowledge for aid in making business decisions,What Is Business Research?,Research information is neither intuitive 直觉 nor haphazardly 随意 gathered. must be objective 客观存
8、在的 Detached 公正的 and impersonal 客观的 rather than biased 有偏见的 It facilitates the managerial decision process for all aspects of a business. Information reduces uncertainty.,What Is Business Research?,What Isnt Research?,Playing with technology Book report Programming project Doing what others have alre
9、ady doneEach of these can be done as part of research,Philosophy of Research,Epistemology 认识论 (theory of knowledge) How do we know we know Methodology 方法论 (study of methods) Ways (methods) of knowing Research - try to understand our world better,Positivism实证主意 (rejection of meta-physics形而上学) the sci
10、entific method is the best approach to uncovering the processes by which both physical and human events occur only authentic knowledge is that which is based on sense experience and positive verification Goal of science is to “uncover the truth” What we cant objectively measure / observe are not kno
11、wable E.g. early behavioral psychologists focused on stimulus (reinforcement) and behavioral outcome; ignoring anything in between emotion, affection, thought etc. http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism,Philosophy of Research,Post-Positivism 后实证主义 human knowledge is based not on unchallengeable, roc
12、k-solid foundations, but rather upon human conjectures 猜想 Subjectivist 主观主义 no external reality:perception is reality Critical realism 现实批判主义 External realities independent of our thinking can be studied/ measured All measurements / theories are fallible / revisable Use multiple observations / metho
13、ds,Philosophy of Research,Methodology Taxonomy 1 Theorem Proof 定理证明 Engineering 工程 Empirical 实证 Case study 案例分析 Survey 调查 Field test 现场研究 Experiment 实验 Subjective / Argumentative 主观/辩论,From Vogel and Wetherbe, 1984,Philosophy of Research,Methodology Taxonomy 2 Theorem Proof Laboratory Experiment Fie
14、ld Experiment Case Study Survey Forecasting 预测 Simulation 模拟,Game / role playing 游戏/角色扮演 Subjective / Argumentative Descriptive / Interpretive 描述/解释 Action research 行动研究,From Galliers and Land, 1987,Philosophy of Research,Structure of Research,Business Research Type,Basic Research 基础研究 Attempts to e
15、xpand the limits of knowledge. Not directly involved in the solution to a pragmatic务实 problem.Examples Is executive success correlated with high intrinsic motives? Are members of highly integrated supply chain more efficient than members of less cohesive supply chain? Do leaders management style aff
16、ect the employees knowledge sharing intention?,Business Research Type -outcome,Applied Research 应用研究 Conducted when a decision must be made about a specific real-life problemExamples Should Microsoft open a new R&D research center in Hefei? 中移动是否应该取消漫游费?,Business Research Type -outcome,Inductive App
17、roach 归纳法,Business Research Type -logic,from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories “bottom up“ approach. Conclusion is likely based on premises Involves a degree of uncertainty“吸烟有害健康”,Deductive Approach 演绎法,Business Research Type -logic,from the more general to the more spec
18、ific. “top-down“ approach. Conclusion follows logically from premises (available facts)吸烟 肺炎,Quantitative research 定量研究 use of statistical, formulaic or numerical analysis Main approach: analysis; causal determination, prediction, generalization of findingsQualitative research 定性研究 not quantitative;
19、 use of non-numeric techniques Main approach: discovery; illumination, understanding, extrapolation to similar circumstances,Business Research Type- process,http:/www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cdic-mcc/18-3/d_e.html,Business Research Type- process,Primary Research (field research) 初步研究 (实地调查) data do
20、es not already exist, research collect original data.Secondary Research (desk research) 次要研究 (文案调查) information has already been put together by someone else,Business Research Type data source,Descriptive research 描述性研究 Characterizing a phenomenon / variable E.g. demographics of online shoppers Expl
21、oratory (Relational) research 探索性研究 Relationship between variables E.g. gender online shopping tendency Analytical (Explanatory) Research 分析性研究 (解释性研究) Relationship and cause- E.g. firm size employee turnover Predictive (Casual) research 预测性研究 (因果研究) Cause and effect (treatment and outcome) E.g. inc
22、entive (+) higher productivity,Business Research Type- purpose,Why Study Business Research?,Business research provides information to guide business decisions,Major Research Topics,General Business Conditions and Corporate Research Financial and Accounting Research Management and Organizational Beha
23、vior Research Sales and Marketing Research Operation Research Information Systems Research Corporate Responsibility Research国家自然科学基金委:管理科学部研究领域分类 国际期刊的分类 (UTD List) http:/som.utdallas.edu/top100Ranking/journals.php 国际会议:AOM, ICIS,Whats Changing in Business that Influences Research,Critical Scrutiny
24、of Business,Computing Power & Speed,Factors,Information Overload,Shifting Global Economics,Government Intervention,Technological Connectivity,New Research Perspectives,Determining When to Conduct Business Research,Time constraints Availability of data Nature of the decision Benefits versus costs,Is
25、sufficient time available before a managerial decision must be made?,Is the infor- mation alreadyon hand inadequatefor making the decision?,Is the decision of considerable strategic or tacticalimportance?,Does the valueof the researchinformation exceed the costof conducting research?,Conducting Busi
26、ness Research,Do Not Conduct Business Research,Time Constraints,Availability of Data,Nature of the Decision,Benefits vs. Costs,Yes,Yes,Yes,Yes,No,No,No,No,Determining When to Conduct Business Research,Characteristics of Good Research,Factors Contributing to the Success of Research,Academic ability*
27、Commitment to the program* Emotional Stability* Financial stability* Hard work* Research competency Managerial skill Interpersonal skill,Research Competency: Literature search and review Technical competence Writing the research proposal Keeping of research records Writing progress reports Writing t
28、he thesis Writing papers for journals/conferences Theoretical competenceThe student has to develop these competencies mostly through own initiative,Factors Contributing to the Success of Research,The literature included can be any format appropriate to your topic.Dont restrict yourself to journal ar
29、ticles. Look in books Business reports, conference proceedings, and other non-journal sources. Search government websites and associations related to your topic. Google scholarLook at library subject guides in your area to find the key databases additional resources,Research Competency:Literature se
30、arch and review,Perform a preliminary search of the literature. what has already been published. the number of articles available on the topic. select a slightly different topic or modify the focus of the objective. Recent journal issue. Consult Web of Sciences Journal Citation Index Develop a list
31、of subject headings that relate to themes of interest Search across multiple databases and information resources. Google Scholar Read the literature throughout the search process. will guide your subsequent searches and refine your topic. Help refine the topic and objective of the overview being wri
32、tten.,Research Competency:Literature search and review,A Research Report should generally include: Statement of problem (Introduction) Review of relevant literature Statement of hypothesis or research objectives Description of research design Description of sample selection procedure Description of
33、how data was collected Data analysis and results Conclusion, limitations, and implications Bibliography or references cited Appendices,Research Competency:Literature search and review,Step 1: read the abstract Decide whether to read the article in detail Step 2: read introduction It explains why the
34、 study is important It provides review and evaluation of relevant literature Step 3: read Method with a close, critical eye Focus on participants, measures, procedures Step 4: Evaluate results Do the conclusions seem logical Can you detect any bias on the part of the researcher? Step 5: Take discuss
35、ion with a grain of salt 不全信 Edges are smoothed out Pay attention to limitations Carrol 2006,Research Competency:Literature search and review,Research Competency:Technical competence,Literature management Endnote Data Analysis SPSS SEM (PLS, LISREL ) Office Word Excel PowerPoint,Submission of resear
36、ch proposal Presentation and defense of research proposal Procedure for working in the office outside normal working hours Monthly progress reports Progress report for the semester Participation in Seminars,Managerial skill: pertaining to procedures,Managerial skill: pertaining to the research,Plann
37、ing the researchAcquiring theoretical & experimental skillsExecuting the research planMonitoring the research progressKeeping the research log bookSubmission of Progress reportsPreparation of the thesisCare of the research methods,will interact with: The supervisor or supervisory committee Graduate
38、students in his group Graduate students in other groups in same program/school Groups in other schools/institutions Undergraduate students working under the same supervisor or group Technical support personnel Administrative support personnel adept at interpersonal skills will find the path less bum
39、py,Interpersonal Aspects of Research,The Student and the Supervisor Know who your supervisor is Know the work of your supervisor Ascertain with the supervisor how the routine meeting is to be carried out. Make notes of all meetings with the supervisor and give him a copy Keep your supervisor informe
40、d of progress and activities Submit report/manuscript to your supervisor not rough outlines Allow your supervisor sufficient time to read your report or manuscript Ask your supervisor how he likes to see the manuscript for your thesis See your supervisor if you face any problems, dont disappear and
41、let him summon you,Interpersonal Aspects of Research:,The Student and the Group be working on a specific topic within a larger research program his own research plan will inevitably affect the research plans of others in the group, e.g in the use of equipment Cooperation OR transferring A well organ
42、ized group can provide strong support to every member,Interpersonal Aspects of Research:,Ethics of Business Research,refers to a code of conduct or expected societal norm of behavior while conducting researchEthical conduct applies to Organization Members sponsoring the research The researchers who
43、undertake the research The respondents who provide them with the relevant data,Plagiarism 抄袭 Fraud/ Cheat 欺诈 Steal 窃取http:/ of Business Research,PLAGIARISM 抄袭 To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as ones own. To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
44、 sourcesWebsters college dictionaryPlagiarism is illegal,Ethics of Business Research,Sources of Plagiarism,A student Copied paragraphs from various scholarly journals or books in the library, Removed an old term paper from the files in his fraternity and copied some, or all, of it. Downloaded whole
45、or part of report from the internet.,Ethics of Business Research- plagiarism,The following guidelines on plagiarism were taken from Ronald B. Standler, 2000. Plagiarism in Colleges in USA, http:/ When using another persons words: Provide a citation in the text reference list in a footnoteEither encl
46、ose their words inside quotation marks (add pages),Ethics of Business Research- plagiarism,Key Terms,Research Business Research Epistemology Methodology Positivism Post-positivism Subjectivist Critical realism Theorem proof Engineering Empirical Case study Survey Field test Experiment Forecasting Si
47、mulation,Game/ role playing Subjective/ argumentative Action research Deductive research Inductive research Applied research Basic research Quantitative research Qualitative research Primary research Secondary research Descriptive research Exploratory research Analytical research Predictive research Plagiarism,You would be able to understand:,What is research What is business research Philosophy of Research Types of business research When to Conduct Business Research Factors Contributing to the Success of Research Ethics and business research,Q & A THANK YOU!,