it用法大全(形式宾语形式主语).ppt

1、 1.it作人称代词1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到 的事物，以避免重复:Ningbo is a beautiful city, isnt it?1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Is this your dog？No, it isnt.1.3.也可指抽象事物:It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that,2.非人称代词it it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的it： 2.1.指天气： It is a lovely day, isnt it? It is a

2、 bit windy.2.2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 2.3.指环境: It was very quiet in the caf.,2.4.指距离： It is half an hours walk to the city centre., 1.it作人称代词Everyone knows that _ is dangerous to play with fire, but _ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.A. it, it B. wh

3、at, whatC. it, what D. what, it,.引导词it 1. It is + 被强调部分 + that .,使用该句型有以下几点请注意： 强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数. It was yesterday that I met your father in the street,不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.It was in the street that I met your father yesterday,被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。1) It w

4、as your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday 2) It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday 强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。It is they who are our friendsIt was not until ten oclock that we got home last night,. it 用作形式主语 .1 it代替主语从句 1）It is + adj. +that从句 It is clear ( obviou

5、s， true， possible certain) that . “清楚（显然，真的，肯定）” It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. . It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well.,2）.It is +v-ed +that 从

6、句 It is said (reported， learned) that . 据说（据报道，据悉）“。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. . It is suggested ( ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded. ) that . 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.,= H

7、e is said to have come to Beijing.,3）.It +n+that .1. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill.,2. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 该

8、句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟常译为“是（正是）的时侯” / should+原型 It is time that children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to school.3. It is the first ( second . ) time that . “是第一（二）次”。 该句型中的 that 从句用完成时态。如果主句动词be是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果主句动词be是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去。例如

9、： It was the first time that I had been praised.It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.,It is no wonder that he didnt want to go. No wonder he didnt want to go.,4. It is no wonder that,在该句型中如果用肯定形式，表示“真奇怪，真是令人惊讶”；,It is a wonder that he reused such a good of

10、fer.,真奇怪，他拒绝了这样好的帮助。,难怪他不愿去。,4). It+v+that从句 It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来,It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）,It looks

11、as if he were ill. （没有生病）,It seemed as if he were dying.,该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语， 该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。,It doesnt matter if they are old.,It doesnt matter whether ( if ) .,.2.作形式主语替代不定式 1). It takes sb. . to do sth. 做要花费某人 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 2). It is kind

12、( of sb. ) to do sth. 主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ，stupid ， wise wrong等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. 3). It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural eas

13、y ， safe ，common ，normal ，hard ， difficult ,dangerous ， 等。 在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party.,It is up to him to clean our classroom today. 今天应由他做教室清洁。 It is up to parents to teach their children manners. 该由父母教孩子

14、礼貌。,4) It is up to sb. to do sth.,5) It is ones turn to do sth.,It is your turn to clean our classroom today.,今天该轮到你做教室清洁。,It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good , no use ,uselessIt is no good learning English without writing English. Its useless trying to argue with Shyloc

15、k.,.3.作形式主语替代ing形式,4). It is/was not untilthat. It was not until his mother came back that he turned off the TV.,用It作形式主语的句型： (1) It is adj. to do sth.It is difficult to translate this article.翻译这篇文章很难。 (2) It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is important for us to learn English.学习英语对我们很重要。 Its kind

16、of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。 (3) It is up to sb. to do sth.“应由某人负责”或“是某人的职责”。Its up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 接不接受这份工作由你自己定。,(4) It is adj. that-clauseIt is important that we should pay close attention to grain.关注粮食对我们很重要。 (5) It is (no) good/use/useless doing sth.It is no us

17、e trying again It is of no use to try again. 再试也没用。 (6) It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.It is worthwhile spending/to spend much time on it. 在这件事上花时间是值得的。,(7) It happens that-clauseIt happened that John was the only witness.碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。 (8) It occurs to/strikes sb.that-clause 某人突然想到It suddenly o

18、ccurred to/struck me that I hadnt seen Peter all day. 我突然想到，我一整天都没看见彼得。 (9) It is said/reported/announced/ (well) knownthatIt is known to us all that he means well.我们都知道他是好意的。 (10) It takes sb. some time to do sth.It took us one month to complete this project. 我们花了一个月完成这项工程。,It 作形式宾语. We think it im

19、portant to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构“。 6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词,名词,分词。 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found

20、it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.,A. sb+v.+it+that从句They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.,B. 动词+ it + that从句。常见于like, take, have, put等少数动词之后。 I take it that they will succeed sooner or later.（认为，以为；猜想） 我认为他们迟早会成功的。 The newspapers have it tha

21、t some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt. 报上说一些日本商号破产了。(have it 声称) put it,C. 动词itwhen / if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数动词之后。 We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour. 要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。 Id prefer it if I didnt have to finish the work. 要是我不必完成那项工作

22、，那就太好了。,d. 动词+ it +过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。 I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1995. 我听说那家工厂是1995年创建的。 They havent made it known where the meeting is to take place. 他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。,e. 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句。常见于bring it to ones attention; owe it to sb(归功于); take it for granted 等

23、结构中。 I owe it to you that I finished my work in time. 多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。 Dont take it for granted that they will support you. 不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。,该句型中的it是一个形式宾语，表示模糊意思或代替后面that 引导的宾语从句。 因为在这个句型中的谓语动词都是需要跟宾语的，但又不能直接跟从句作宾语，于是就得在从句前加上一个形式宾语it。,常见的短语和动词有：count on (依靠，指望，期盼), see to(负责), depend on (依靠), rely on(

24、信赖，依靠)等。,See to it that 注意,务必,保证,We are counting on it that you will come., find possible S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /thatfeel important ,除了替代从句，it还可以替代不定式和ing形式,a rule 2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /thatan honour,3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth.no use,

25、We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it no good playing computer games. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.,It作形式宾语的句型: (1) 主语vt.(think/consider/feel/suppose/believe etc.) it adj to do sthI found it difficult to explain to him what happene

26、d. 我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。 (2) 主语vt. it useful/useless/no good/no use doing sth.He thought it no use going over the subject again. 他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。 (3) 主语vt. itadj. thatclauseHe didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有明确说明会议在什么时间、什么地点举行。,(5) see to it that务必使，保证使Will you see to it

27、that the luggage is brought back? 你能保证行李会被拿回来吗？ (6) 表示喜欢，恨等心理方面的动词如:like, love, hate, appreciate, dislike等后加上it作形式宾语，再加上that/if/wh-从句作真正宾语。（详细解释见下）Id appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.如果你愿意教我如何用电脑我将不胜感激。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.,但我们常会碰到it用作形

28、式宾语时之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语的情况，这一点在近几年高考试题中经常涉及，需引起同学们的注意。 I hate_ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 1998)A. it B. that C. these D. them (答案为: A),我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。 I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (全国卷 2004)A. this B. that C. it D. one (答案为: C) 我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。 以上这两道高考题中，it

29、用作形式宾语，它的真正的宾语则是由when引导的从句。“it”的这种特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中。,理解了上述几种情形，不妨完成下列巩固练习：【答案在下方】 1.I would appreciate it_ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.（上海卷 2003） A. until B. if C. when D. that 2.I dont think_ possible to master a foreign language without much work. (MET 1990) A. this B. t

30、hat C. its D. it 3.We all took _ for granted that he would agree with us.( MET 1987 ) A. it B. him C. that D. what,4. _ that you are not late for school again.A. See to B. Look to C. See to it D. Look it to 5.Ive often_ that he has great concern for his comrades.A. heard it said B. heard said C. hea

31、rd said it D. heard it say 6.Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too ill to go on working?A. this B. you C. him D. it,参考答案：1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D ,Special notice:,it be vs there be,“是”,“有”,_ someone at the door. I think _ the man to deliver the milk. Lets hurry! _ a long way to

32、 go._ no need to hurry. We still get much time._ a wonder that he refuses such a good offer.,There is,it is,There is,There is,It is,It is? There is?,5. _ no doubt that he has done something bad. 6. _ no possibility that he will cheat us. 7. _ no good arguing with the unreasonable woman. 8. _ no diff

33、erence between the two plans.,There is,There is,It is,There is,9._ was a time when 10._ is no denying that 11._ is a chance that 12_used to be a tree in the house. 13._ goes without saying that不言而喻 14._ occurred to sb that,15._ is convenient to sb. 16.When _ comes to football, I am worse. 17._ turne

34、d out that 18._ hadnt been for the exams, I would have been there.,1. (2005, 全国) The doctor advised Vesa strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.A. it B. she C. which D. he正确答案：A。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。2. (2004,全国) -Do you like_here?-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life.

35、 Everything is nice.A. this B. these C. that D. It正确答案：D。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用于不确定指代或模糊指代。3. (2000,上海) Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_.A. who is he B. who he isC. who is it D. who it is正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。,4. (2007, 全国)Have you heard the latest news?No, what _? A. is it

36、 B. is there C. are they D. are those正确答案：A。it指代上文提及的latest news。 6. (2002,北京) -He was nearly drowned once. -When was _?-_ was in 1998 when he was in Middle School. A. that, It B. this, This C. this, It D. that, This正确答案：A。it指时间。,8.（2005，江苏）Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much

37、fresher than _ in the city.A. ones B. one C. that D. those正确答案：C。分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代the air，且有in the city后置定语修饰。 9. (2004,北京) The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.A、This is B、There is C、That is D、It is 正确答案：D由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。,。 12. (2006,全国) It i

38、s no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. help C. time D. way分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。 13. (2007,天津)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it D. these 正确答案：C。it为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。 14. (2006,湖南)As the busiest woman in Norton, she ma

39、de _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. one D. it 正确答案：D。真正宾语为不定式。,16、(2004,全国) I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A、this B、that C、it D、one正确答案：C。love/enjoy/hate和like的用法相同，后接宾语从句时需用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。,17、(2003,上海) I would appre

40、ciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. A、until B、if C、when D、that 正确答案：B。 18. (1998，上海) Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it

41、 for granted正确答案：D。take it for granted that 意为：想当然的认为某事。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。另外我们也应该注意：depend(rely) on it（相信某事）和see to it（负责某事）的用法。,33、(2008, 北京) Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after 正确答案：A。It be + 时间 + before 表示过了一段时

42、间才 34. (2006,福建) How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? -Perhaps two or three years.A. when B. until C. that D. before正确答案：D,35、(2005,安徽) That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. when B. that C. before D. since正确答案：D。,38. (20

43、05,安徽) -Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?-_. A. Its your opinion B. I dont mind C. It all up to you D. Thats your decision 39、(2006,湖北) You know who came yesterday? -Yao Ming? We had seen basketball match. -_ He came and watched the game. A. You guessed it! B. How did you know that?C. Well done! D. That was good news! 正确答案：A。由具体语境易做出正确选择。 40. (2008,天津) How much do I own you for lunch? -_. Its nothing.A. Youre welcome B. Forget it C. With pleasure D. Thats all right 正确答案：B 。,