1、1ability: bilitiHe is a man of many abilities. 他是一个有多方面才能的人。She felt satisfaction at having her ability recognized. 她因自己的才能得到赏识而满足。disability: .disbilitiA physical or mental disability. 身心的缺陷体力或智力上的无能 2. As a matter of fact, many people have a disability. 事实上，许多人身体都有某种缺陷。同义词：disablement,inability: i
2、nbiliti n. 无能,无力His inability to speak French puts him at a disadvantage. 他不会说法语, 这使他很吃亏.abolish / cancel We have _ the system of exploitation of man by man 人剥削人的制度A cancelled B abolished C refused D rejected abolish 废除，取消 同 do away with 强调废除制度，做法，风俗等cancel 取消已安排或决定的计划，会议等absorb (1) to take or stuck
3、 in ( liquid , light , heat ,energy ,etc )吸收 be absorbed by被所吸收plants absorb nutrients from the soil Black objects absorb heat more (2) be absorbed in 吸引注意，全神贯注，使专心 Judith lay on the sofa , absorbed in her bookShe was absorbed in the video = the video absorbed her attention 忙于做= be busy with sth / i
4、n doing sth =be occupied in (3) absorb sbs attention 吸引某人注意(4) be absorbed into 成为的一部分More and more people are absorbed into the party Whenever a liquid evapaorates, heat_ from its surroundings.A absorb B absorbed c is absorbed D is absorbing Rose is _ her final examinations.A busy B absorbed in C o
5、ccupied to D taken in abuse vt. entertainment1. I listened with _.2. John is getting married again, greatly to the _of his family.【答案】1. amusement 2. entertainment【点拨】 amusement 突出“娱乐”的反应，尤指能给人带来快乐，捧腹大笑或觉得好玩的“消遣” 。entertainment 所指的“娱乐”既可以是正式的，公开场合的，也可以是随便的，私人间的片刻娱乐。any 7indef det I didnt eat any mea
6、t . Do you know any French ?indef pron I cant give you any . 我一点也不能给你She didnt spend any of the money. indef adv 在任何程度上，丝毫 (修饰比较级) I cant run any faster. 我无法跑的更快了Is your mother any better at all ? 你母亲有些好转么？Anybody 任何人 Anybody who saw the accident should phone the police Ask anyone in your class. 任何重
7、要的人 She wasnt anybody before she got that job. 她在得到那份工作以前并非重要任务anyhow (indef adv)随便的，杂乱无章的 The books were lying on the shelves just / all anyhow.无论如何，至少 Its too late now, anyhow .Anyway she said what was in her mind.Anyway/ anyhow (1) 粗心地，随意地，做此意解时，只能用 anyhow (2) 无论如何，不管怎样，反正，尽管如此(3) 况且，更何况，再说，至少He
8、made notes anyhow in the margin. 他胡乱注了些眉批The shop is closed now, anyhow. Anyhow, you can try. -How about going downtown this morning ?-Well.its a bit too cold outside. And _, Ive got to do some housework.A someway B anyway C somehow D somewhat Though her father did not like the young man, she marrie
9、d him _.A anybody B anyhow C anyone D anyhere announce / declareannounce 采用任何媒介宣布公众所关心的消息declare 根据条例，常规等正式宣布They declared him to be a traitor to the country He claimed to have discovered a new planet .He claimed that he hadnt done it , but I didnt believe him .The broadcasting station announced las
10、t night that a hurricane was on the way anxiety c,u anxiety about/ over sth 焦虑，不安，担心u anxiety for sth/ to do sth 渴望，热望8be anxious about / for sb / sth 担忧，忧虑be anxious for sth / (for sb) to do sth / that渴望，热望apart从离开地，与分开地； （时间）相间隔地She lives apart from her parents.They planted the trees three metres
11、apart.一侧，旁处 He took me apart to speak to me.apart from 除开 ,除以外(besides, in addition to)Apart from a few faults,he is a trustworthy teacher.can tell apart 识别，区别 I cant tell the two brothers apart.lay/ put/ set.apart (for) 留下存下=put aside / set aside She put some money apart for sickness.appear vi. 露面，
12、出现，呈现系动词，似乎，好像，显得 There appears to be It appears (to sb ) thatappearance 出现，来到 they finally made their appearance at 11:30外表，外貌 Dont judge by appearances The building was like a prison in appearance.露面，出场 His first appearance on stage was at the age of three.appetite to lose ones appetite 食欲不振He has
13、 a good appetite. 他的胃口好The long walk gave him a good appetite. 较长的散步给他带来了好的胃口an appetite for.的欲望 He has an amazing appetite for hard work.apply apply to sb for sth 申请，请求apply sth to sth 应用，运用apply oneself/ sth to sth / doing sth 集中精力，专心apply to sb /sth 与某人/某物有关，适用于某人/ 某物What Id like to point out is
14、that what I said about your sister just now doesnt _ to you.A fit B connect C suit (vt.) D apply I want to try sth new that suits me better.5. apply (1) 申请 apply to sb for sth 向申请 apply for 申请You should apply to manager for this position .(2) 应用；运用 apply sth to sb/sth9apply your knowledge to realist
15、ic lifeWhat I have said applies only to some of you.我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人(3) make a law etc. operate or become effective 使法律等实施或生效，应用，运用apply a law /rule /percept 执行法律/ 规则/规程 (4) apply oneself to sth/doing sth 集中精力做某事You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your work.applied 应用的，实用的
16、 application 应用，申请approve 批准，赞成，同意，常与 of 搭配You made a good decision, and I thoroughly approve of it. approval n. with ones approval 经某人同意 without approval 未经许可argue sb into doing sth / persuade sb into dong sth / reason sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事argue sb out of doing sth arrange vt. arrange sth for s
17、b 为某人安排某事arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事arrange that(should) do .安排arrangement n. c usu plural 计划，安排c,u an agreement between two people or groups about how sth happens or will happen 协议，协定We had an arrangement that he would clean the house and I would cook arrive / get to / achieve / catch /reach a
18、rrive vi. 指从一地到达另一地arrive at 到达某个具体地点，城镇，建筑物等 arrive in 到达某国家或大城市用reach vt.(1)指用了较多时间，付出较大努力后到达At last, we reached the base camp 大本营(2) 通过自身努力达到某种标准或水平，可用 reach ,但 achieve 更恰当I want to reach / achieve a good level of English He achieved his aim in life to write a book (Not reached ) 实现毕生的目标，写本书get t
19、o 到达某地。 火车，公汽，飞机等到达用 get in The bus get in at four-thirty 到家 get / arrive / reach home 10Catch 赶上汽车，火车等as 短语regard .as. treat.aslook on / upon.as. take .as.consider .as think of .as. have as.take as. 把.理解为refer to .as.把.称为，指为.describe .as 把描述成use as 把.作为.来使用as conj.时间 I watched her as she combed her
20、 chair 原因 “由于”,通常置于句首 As you werent there I left a message 让步 “虽然，尽管” Child as he is （ as 前可以是 动词，名词，形容词，副词）Try as he might, he couldnt open the door Rich as he is , I dont envy him Much as I like this book, I like others much better 方式“按照” You must do as I told you 方式状语从句通常由 as, as if / as though ,
21、 just as, according as , like ( 非正式，Do it like I told you ) 引导比较 as（adv.）as (conj.) 和一样非限 “正如” He is tired, as you can see. / As you can see, he is tired (在从句中做宾语)As is known to all, the earth revolves round the sun. (as 做主语 )As it is 照现状看，看样子 We were hoping to have a holiday next week as it is , we
22、 may not be able to get away (it is 可随人称而变化 maybe it is time for the rest of society to accept me as I am ) It was believed that things would get worse, but _ it is they are getting better.A before B after C because D as As it were 用以评断自己用词是否恰当 “可以说，可谓是，换句话说Hed been watching the water rising for two
23、 hours - preparing to meet his destiny as it were before help arrived Prep . 作为 as a teacher 也 as is = so is Ask ask for sth / sb 要求得到某物，要求见某人11ask （sb） for sth = ask sth (of) sb 向某人要求给予某物或做某事ask sb about sb/sth =ask sth of sb 询问ask for trouble /it 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃asleep, sleeping , sleepy asleep , sleepy
24、都做表语，asleep 睡着的，sleepy 想睡的asleep , sleeping ，sleey 都做定语asleep 后置定语，当其前有修饰语时也可前置，睡着的sleeping 前置定语，睡着的sleepy 前置定语，想睡得，昏昏欲睡的as soon as 一就as soon as =directly / immediately /presently /instantly =the second /the minute/ the moment / the instant .I shall come as soon as I finish my supper assess v. 评价，评定
25、 Its difficult to assess the effects of the new legislation just yet. 现在还难以评价新法令的效果assess what / how . Weve tried to assess what went wrong.assess sth at . They assessed the value of the house at over $25,000assessment c,u 评价，估计whats your assessment of the situation in Northern Ireland?assist vt. 帮助
26、，协助assist sb with / in sth 在某事上帮助某人assist sb in doing sth / to do sth 帮助某人做某事assistance 帮助，协助assistant 助手，助理assure / ensure / insure assure sb of sth ensure / insure sb /sth against attach attach sth to sth 将某物系在，缚在或附在另一物上attach a label to each piece of luggageattach oneself to sb/ sth 依附于某人I attach
27、ed myself to a group of tourists entering the museum.attach sb to sb/sth 将某人派给（一人或一组织）去执行某任务，使隶属于youll be attached to this department until the end of the year.attach sth to sth 将某物与另一物相联系，将某物归于另一物Do you attach any importance to what he said ?attach to sb 与某物相关联，归于某人 No blame attaches to you in this
28、 affair.12attend to(1) 照料 Are you being attended to ? 有人招待你么？(2) 注意听 Attend to what I say . 注意我说的话(3) 处理 Could you attend to this matter immediately ? attend on 伺候attempt v. attempt to do The prisoners attempted to escape ,but failed.n. make an attempt to do sth / at doing sth 试图，企图，尝试They made no a
29、ttempt to escape .My early attempts at learning to drive were unsuccessful.attention draw/ attract/ pull / call attention to 引起对的注意catch the attention of 引起对的注意draw/ attract sbs attention 引起某人的注意come to ones attention 引起某人的注意pay attention to 注意，重视bring ones attention to 使人注意到.attitude to / towardsIn
30、 order to change attitudes_ employing women,the government is bringing in new laws.A about B of C towards D on average 平均，平均数 on average 按平均数计算adj. 平均的 the average age of the student is 19.一般标准的，普通的，平常的 not special He is nothing special. Hes only the _ man in the street.A average B usual C general D
31、 common Children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童vt. 平均为，均分 My mail averages 20 letters a day .awear adj. be awear of sb/ sth be aware thatawearmess u bank / seashore / seaside / beach / coast bank 河岸( river , lake )seashore 突兀seaside 海边beach 沙滩coast 海岸线13Bring a lawn chair or _ chair for comfortable
32、 seating ,and leave the alcoholic beverages at home A coast B beach C bank D seaside After swimming in the sea, they came out of water and lay on the _ for a rest.A bank B coast C seaside D beachThere are many beautiful islands _ the east coast of the country A off B along C on D from bargainn. 便宜货
33、They are a real bargain. 他们真的是便宜货You can always get a real bargain in that department store.vi. 讨价还价；谈判bargain about/ over/ for sth with sb barrier: bri n. 界线,屏障,障碍物v. 以屏障隔开1. The horse took the barrier easily. 那匹马轻松地越过了障碍。 2. Heavy duties on imports and exports are a barrier to international trade.
34、 进出口的高关税是国际贸易的障碍。 3. The Sahara Desert is a natural barrier between north and central Africa. 撒哈拉沙漠是北非与中非之间的天然屏障。 obstacle: bstkl n. 障碍1. Lack of education is an obstacle of success. 缺乏教育是成功的障碍。 2. An obstacle or a span to be jumped. 需跳越的障碍或跨度 base c usual. Sing. the base of a pyramid / glassGrain i
35、s the base of national life 粮食是国计民生的基础 (=basis pl.bases this theory seems to have no basis in fact)Shenyang is an important industrial base of our countryvt base sth on sth ( be based on sth ) _do you base your calculation ?A On which B On what C About what D For what base / basisbase Be about to do
36、 / be to doBe about to do 正要，即将，指的是一个眼下就要发生的动作，因此不带14表将来的时间状语.但是可以和 as ,when 引导时间状语连用When I came back ,she was about to leave The plane is about to take off My mother was about to go shopping when it began to rain be to do 的常见用法有：1.表命令， 意为“必须，不得不”You are to do your homework before you watch TV.2.表示可
37、能性，相当于 can，主要用于疑问句和否定句。How am I to know what has become of him3.表示假设Certain skills must be learned if one is to use English effectively.4.表目的This house is to be lent or sold?5.表示结果He was to blame for not locking the door.6.表示命运注定，通常用于过去时。7.用来征求对方意见What are we to do during the weekend ?8. 用于第二人称，表示转达
38、别人的指示Here is a message for you from your headteacher : you are to go to her office after classHe came to power, but he was to pay dearly for it; soon he was assassinated(暗杀).（2001 上海 ）In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they_。(B) 表假设A. have survived B. are to surviveC. would
39、survive D. will survive because of , due to , thanks to , owing to , as a result of , on account of because of 做状语due to 作表语或状语 ,不用于句首thanks to 多亏， 由于，作表语或状语owing to 作表语或状语result from 起因，由来，做谓语as a result of 因为 .的结果，作状语on account of 因为，作状语for / because / since / as （1） because / since / as 引导原因状语从句，
40、for 是一个并列连词，连15接两个简单句，for 后的分句仅表示一种附带的说明或推理的依据（2） for 引导分句只能置于句末，且必须用逗号隔开（3） for 引导分句不能回答 why 问句since 和 as 不能用来回答 why 问句，一般放在句子的开头He has many good friends ,for he is an honest man Since 表示的原因是人们已知的事实，常译做“既然”强调句中只能强调 because 引导的原因状语从句，不能换成 since, ,for as, now that 等before.特殊用法没来得及就.The roof fell befo
41、re he had time to dash into the room to save his babyHe ran off before I could stop him 过了多久才怎么样或动作进行到什么程度才怎么样They walked about thirty miles to the west before they saw a village They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal -Has your father returned from Africa yet
42、 ? -Yes, but he _ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia A was B has been C will be D would be It is / was + 一段时间+ before does/ did 还有多久就/ 还未来得及It is one year before he finishes middle school. 还有一年他就中学毕业了The telephone rang off before I could answer it. 我还没来的及电话就挂断了It was +
43、时间段+ before.过了多久才It was not long before 不久，就 It will (not ) be +时间段 +before .要过多久（不久）.才It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position It was three days before he came back (07 安徽) The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again.
44、A after B before C since D when (07 江西) He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work A when B before C since D that believe / believe in / trust believe 相信某人所说的话 16believe in 信仰真理，宗教，原则 (2) =trust trust 相信某人的品德，为人，能力等， 信任I believe what you said The we
45、stern people believe in GodYou shouldnt trust that man Sb/ sth is believed to do = it is believed that.常用此结构的动词有 believe/ say/ report/ think/ consider/ suppose etc.benefit c,u sth that gives you advantages or improves your life in some way 好处，益处，利益This is an aid programme that has brought lasting be
46、nefits benefits to the region 这是一项给这一地区带来长期利益的援助计划All donations are used for the benefit of disabled children 所有捐款都用于残疾儿童的福利The new credit cards will be of great benefit to our customers 新的信用卡会为我们的客户带来很多好处be of benefit to 对有裨益for the benefit of 为了的利益c 优越性，优良条件 the benefits of modern medicine , scien
47、ce ,higher education u,c allowance of money 保险金，救济金 抚恤金，补助金 medical ,unemployment, sickness benefit(s) 医疗，失业， 疾病补助c,esp,attrib 尤作定语 a benefit match, performance, concert 义赛，义演，慈善音乐会Tn 使受益，有益于 These facilities have benefited the whole town 这些设施使全城受益I,Ipr benefit from 从受益 Many thousands have benefited
48、 from the new treatment Doing moring exercises _ our health and we _ it .A benefits to ; benefit B benefits; benefit form C benefits from; benefit D benefits; are benefited by Who is most likely to _ the old ladys death?A benefit B benefit from C do good to D interest besides = apart from = in addition to = as well as but = except beyond (1) 在的那一边；越过 They crossed the mountains and headed for the valleys beyond Beyond the river,cattle were grazing 17(2) 迟于，过了以后 It wont go on beyond midnight (3) 超出（数量，水平，限度）Our success was far beyond what
