1、Unit 4 How Life Began on the EarthLanguage points,1.No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.,No one knows what he was saying, as it was too hard.,仿写：没人明白他在说什么，因为那太难理解了。,as在这里表示原因, 意思是“因为” As he was ill, he needed more help.,2.However, according to a widely accepted theor
2、y, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. 1) begin with=start with：“以开始”. 2)to begin with =to start with 可以单独使用,表示“首先; 第一; 起初; 最初”.在句中作时间状语. e.g. To begin / start with, I couldnt understand him at all.,in all directions.=in every direction/directions? 朝四面八方 译：The e
3、nemies ran away in all directions.敌人四处逃窜。 拓展： Im terrible with directions: _ a sense of direction: _ 在某人的指导下: _ ones direction,方向感,under,我是路痴,What it was to become was uncertainbe to do,be to do sth.,be + doing:_ be + done:_,联想,正在,被动,(1)表示 禁止，命令eg. You are not to smoke in this room.You are to be bac
4、k by 10 oclock.,3. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe .,(2)表示注定要,All these things are to be answered for （偿还）.,（3）表示 “将”、“计划”、“安排”。(意思接近于be going to) 如：,. The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.,（4）应该
5、should You are to look after the little children,. be to do : You _this to the police. 你应该报警 They _next month. 他们计划于下个月结婚。 2. The professor _a lecture at Wuhan University next weekend. give B. gives C. is to give D. being given,are to report,are to be married,What it was to become was uncertain unti
6、l ,他昨天直到七点才离开学校.,He didnt leave school until seven oclock.,他们到了中国才能看了长城.,They couldnt see the Great Wall until they came to China.,It was not until they came to China that they could see the Great Wall.,Notuntil直到才,It is/was not until that 强调句,It was not until seven oclock that he left school.,【巧应用】
7、 使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。 _ _ _ _ _he didnt come to the meeting. 答案：What surprised everybody is that,【精提取】What it was to become是what引导的主语从句， what在从句中作become的宾语。,1. _（使大家吃惊的是）is that he didnt come to the meeting.,What surprised everybody,2. _（他所做的）added to our difficulty.,What he did,4.The earth became so vi
8、olent that it was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not. 地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续下去。,n. 固体 (solid, liquid, gas )adj. 固体的, 结实的,solid:,cool down 变凉, 冷却,平息，冷静 晒了一天的太阳之后,他喜欢在海水中凉快一下. After a day in the sun, he liked to _in the sea. 他的话平息了她的怒气. His words _ her anger.,cooled down,cool down,
9、6. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.,appear “出现, 似乎”是不及物动词当表示 “似乎, 好像”时是系动词, 该词无被动语态。Our teacher appeared on TV this morning.,7.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.,unlike
10、 prep.dislike v.likely adj.unlikely adj.,8.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水会对于生命的发展起关键作用,这一点在当时并不太明显.,allow to do = permit to do harmful adj. harmlessharm n./v. be harmful to sb./sth. = do harm to sb. /sth.=do sb/sth harm 对有害,9. What many
11、scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.,过多的二氧化碳对环境有害.Too much carbon dioxide is the environment.,harmful to,does harm to,10.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. c
12、hain reaction 连锁反应 Make it possible for life to develop.使生命的发展成为可能make it + adj./ n.+. to do sth.,make / find / feel / think / consider,that 从句,组长让我们可以一起合作. The group leader_老师让他们容易地明白那个问题. The teacher _.,made it possible for us to work together.,made it easy for them to understand the question,1) m
13、ultiply v. 乘: 增加,繁殖；,7乘以4等于28.,4 multiplied by 7 is twenty-eight.,我们的功课自上高中以来增多了.,Our homework have multiplied since we came to high school.,蚊子在夏天繁殖得很快.,Mosquitoes multiply rapidly in summer.,11. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen , which encouraged,all sorts of =all kinds of
14、 各种各样的,12. which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.,13.Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. 另外一些叫作两栖动物,它们既能在活水里生存也能在陆地上生.A as well as B表示“(除B之外)A也; 既B又A”. 如: Im learning French as well as English. 我学英语之外还学法语.,He grows f
15、lowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜也种花. “就远原则”： He as well as I _ (like) rock music.,likes,15.They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的. lie, lie , lay 的区别如下:,lied,lied,lying,lay,lain,lying,laid,laid,laying,（1）vi. （消息等）传开，流传。如：,The news spread through the school very quickly. The
16、fire spread from the factory to the house nearby.,18. small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.,（2）v. “使伸展，延伸，张开”，常与out连用。,He spreaded out his arms to welcome us.,他张开手臂欢迎我们。,19.Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet
17、s thus adv. 因此；从而She studied hard, _ .,thus she got high marks,2) In ones turn 轮到某人,It will be _ to be on duty tomorrow.,in Sams turn,20. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.,阻止某人做某事 :,prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
18、,stop sb. (from) doing sth.,keep sb. from doing sth.,注意：keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略, 被动语态中,他们中的from都不可省。,1) We must prevent them from making trouble.,2) You should prevent the child from injuring himself.,21.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions Of years to come will depend on w
19、hether this problem can be solved.,depend on : 依赖， 依靠,depend on sb. 依靠,相信某人 depend on sth. 取决与某物,我们都靠你来做决定了 Well all _to make a decision. 明天是否能开校运会取决与天气 Whether to hold the sports meeting or not will _.,depend on you,depend on the weather,单词拼写 1. There is too much _(暴力) on TV. 2. With the d _ of eco
20、nomy, peoples living standards are higher now. 3. Every night he observes the space through a t_. 4. The illness is s_ through the village. 5. One cannot e_ without air. 6. You will _ (逐渐地) get used to the weather here. 7. By the time they reached the top of the mountain, they were _ (精疲力尽). 8. Ther
21、e is a big underground railway _(系统) in London, which is good for travelers. 9. Zhang Heng was one of the most famous Chinese a_ in the world. 10. The mammals _ (繁殖) when the animals, harmful to them, disappeared.,.短语运用in all directions,go by,give birth to,in time,depend on,prevent.from,as well as,
22、be different from，escape from，watch.doing,masses of,because of1.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will _ whether this problem can be solved. 2.If you put your heart into it，youll succeed _.,depend on,in time,3.There were _ people in the shops yesterday. 4.Nothing
23、can _ their plans _ being carried out. 5.We _ the sun _ behind the trees and the evening fell. 6.Our sons are very _ each other. 7.We spent three hours waiting in the rain _ you! 8.As time _,I began to realize what I did was wrong.,masses of,prevent,from,watched,setting,different from,because of,went by,Homework 1.完成课本P28 练习1至练习3。 2. 课本P98 单词multiply 至gentle 三加一。,
